Jump to content

Gregorio Carafa: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Changing locally defined but nonexistent Commons category (Category:Gregorio Carafa (GM 62)) to the one from Wikidata (Category:Gregorio Carafa (Knight Hospitaller))
 
(3 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 68: Line 68:


==Early life==
==Early life==
Carafa was born on 17 March 1615 in Castelvetere (modern [[Caulonia]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telemia.it/news.php?news=9129 |title=ROCCELLA IONICA: 400' ANNIVERSARIO DI GREGORIO CARAFA, IL MAESTRO DI CASTELVETERE CHE PORTO' LA CALABRIA NEL MONDO - TELEMIA - Emittente Televisiva |access-date=2015-08-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114021/http://www.telemia.it/news.php?news=9129 |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.larivieraonline.com/roccella-celebra-i-400-anni-della-nascita-di-gregorio-carafa | title=Roccella celebra i 400 anni della nascita di Gregorio Carafa | date=12 May 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comune.roccella.rc.it/dettaglio.asp?id_a=7887|title=Comune Roccella Jonica - Sito Istituzionale del Comune - Presentato il programma delle manifestazioni in onore di Gregorio Carafa|access-date=2015-08-23|archive-date=2016-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230004726/http://www.comune.roccella.rc.it/dettaglio.asp?id_a=7887|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecodellalocride.it/news/roccella-j-rc-al-via-celebrazioni-in-onore-di-gregorio-carafa|title=Roccella J. (RC): Al via celebrazioni in onore di Gregorio Carafa}}</ref> in [[Calabria]], Italy to Girolamo, Prince of Roccella and Diana Vittori, the niece to [[Pope Paul IV]] ([[Pope Paul V]]?). His brother was the Cardinal Carlo Carafa della Spina.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Grand Masters of the XVIIth century|url=http://romeartlover.tripod.com/Malta16.html|website=A Rome Art Lover|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref>
Carafa was born on 17 March 1615 in Castelvetere (modern [[Caulonia]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telemia.it/news.php?news=9129 |title=ROCCELLA IONICA: 400' ANNIVERSARIO DI GREGORIO CARAFA, IL MAESTRO DI CASTELVETERE CHE PORTO' LA CALABRIA NEL MONDO - TELEMIA - Emittente Televisiva |access-date=2015-08-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114021/http://www.telemia.it/news.php?news=9129 |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.larivieraonline.com/roccella-celebra-i-400-anni-della-nascita-di-gregorio-carafa | title=Roccella celebra i 400 anni della nascita di Gregorio Carafa | date=12 May 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comune.roccella.rc.it/dettaglio.asp?id_a=7887|title=Comune Roccella Jonica - Sito Istituzionale del Comune - Presentato il programma delle manifestazioni in onore di Gregorio Carafa|access-date=2015-08-23|archive-date=2016-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230004726/http://www.comune.roccella.rc.it/dettaglio.asp?id_a=7887|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecodellalocride.it/news/roccella-j-rc-al-via-celebrazioni-in-onore-di-gregorio-carafa|title=Roccella J. (RC): Al via celebrazioni in onore di Gregorio Carafa}}</ref> in [[Calabria]], Italy to Girolamo, Prince of Roccella and Diana Vittori, the niece of [[Pope Paul IV]]. His brother was the Cardinal Carlo Carafa della Spina.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Grand Masters of the XVIIth century|url=http://romeartlover.tripod.com/Malta16.html|website=A Rome Art Lover|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref>


He was enlisted with the Order of Saint John when he was aged only three months, in June 1615. He studied in [[Naples]], and various dignitaries and knights of the Order contributed to his education. In 1635 he went to [[Catalonia]] with his uncle Francesco Carafa, the Prior general of Roccella. Carafa was soon promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order, and was promoted to Prior general of Rocella after his uncle died.<ref name=dizbio/>
He was enlisted with the Order of Saint John when he was only three months, in June 1615. He studied in [[Naples]] where various dignitaries and knights of the Order contributed to his education. In 1635, he went to [[Catalonia]] with his uncle Francesco Carafa, the prior general of Roccella. Carafa was soon promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order, and was promoted to prior general of Rocella after his uncle died.<ref name=dizbio/>


In 1647, he was involved in the [[Masaniello#The revolt|Masaniello revolt]] in which he tried to restore peace and order in Naples. After the defeat of the rebels in Naples, he was sent to Calabria to quell the uprising there. These events led to him being promoted and he was given command of the Order's fleet.<ref name=dizbio/>
In 1647, he was involved in the [[Masaniello#The revolt|Masaniello revolt]] where he tried to restore peace and order in Naples. After the defeat of the rebels, he was sent to Calabria to quell the uprising there. These accomplishments led to his promotion and command appointment of the Order's fleet.<ref name=dizbio/>


In 1656, he commanded the 7 Maltese galleys at the [[Battle of the Dardanelles (1656)|Battle of the Dardanelles]]. In this battle, the joint Venetian-Maltese fleet was victorious, and as a reward, Malta received 11 captured Ottoman ships. This battle was heaviest naval defeat for the Ottomans since the [[Battle of Lepanto]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Setton|first1=Kenneth Meyer|title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century|date=1991|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=0871691922|pages=182–183}}</ref>
In 1656, he became the commander for the 7 Maltese galleys at the [[Battle of the Dardanelles (1656)|Battle of the Dardanelles]]. In this battle, the joint Venetian-Maltese fleet was victorious, and as a reward, Malta received 11 captured Ottoman ships. This battle was considered the heaviest naval defeat for the Ottomans since the [[Battle of Lepanto]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Setton|first1=Kenneth Meyer|title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century|date=1991|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=0871691922|pages=182–183}}</ref>


After the victorious battle he was welcomed in Malta as a hero. Subsequently he reclaimed the wetlands at [[Cospicua|Bormola]] and strengthened the Order's fleet.<ref name=dizbio>{{cite book|last1=Bertoni|first1=Luisa|title=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani|date=1976|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gregorio-carafa_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|language=it}}</ref>
After the victorious battle, he was welcomed and recognized in Malta as a hero. Subsequently, he reclaimed the wetlands at [[Cospicua|Bormola]] and strengthened the Order's fleet.<ref name=dizbio>{{cite book|last1=Bertoni|first1=Luisa|title=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani|date=1976|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gregorio-carafa_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|language=it}}</ref>


==Magistracy==
==Magistracy==
Line 85: Line 85:
During his reign, the Order's navy was at its peak, with galleys led by knights and manned by experienced crews. Fearing an Ottoman attack, in 1687 Carafa strengthened [[Fort Saint Elmo]] by building a series of fortifications known as the Carafa Enceinte on the foreshore surrounding the fortress.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fort St. Elmo|url=http://heritagemalta.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/FORT-ST-ELMO.pdf|website=[[Heritage Malta]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206083119/http://heritagemalta.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/FORT-ST-ELMO.pdf|archive-date=6 December 2013}}</ref>
During his reign, the Order's navy was at its peak, with galleys led by knights and manned by experienced crews. Fearing an Ottoman attack, in 1687 Carafa strengthened [[Fort Saint Elmo]] by building a series of fortifications known as the Carafa Enceinte on the foreshore surrounding the fortress.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fort St. Elmo|url=http://heritagemalta.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/FORT-ST-ELMO.pdf|website=[[Heritage Malta]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206083119/http://heritagemalta.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/FORT-ST-ELMO.pdf|archive-date=6 December 2013}}</ref>


[[Playing Cards]] was introduced in Malta during his reign.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Playing-card|url=http://www.i-p-c-s.org/journal/33-3.pdf|volume=32|issue=3|date=January 2005|journal=Journal of the International Playing-Card Society|issn=0305-2133|location=[[London]]|editor=Michael Cooper|last=Bonello|first=Giovanni|author-link=Giovanni Bonello|pages=191–197|archive-date=29 April 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050429042146/http://i-p-c-s.org/journal/33-3.pdf}}</ref>
[[Playing Cards]] were introduced in Malta during his reign.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Playing-card|url=http://www.i-p-c-s.org/journal/33-3.pdf|volume=32|issue=3|date=January 2005|journal=Journal of the International Playing-Card Society|issn=0305-2133|location=[[London]]|editor=Michael Cooper|last=Bonello|first=Giovanni|author-link=Giovanni Bonello|pages=191–197|archive-date=29 April 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050429042146/http://i-p-c-s.org/journal/33-3.pdf}}</ref>


Carafa died on 21 July 1690 and was succeeded by [[Adrien de Wignacourt]]. He is buried in the Chapel of the Langue of Italy of [[St. John's Co-Cathedral]] in [[Valletta]], Malta.
Carafa died on 21 July 1690 and was succeeded by [[Adrien de Wignacourt]]. He is buried in the Chapel of the Langue of Italy of [[St. John's Co-Cathedral]] in [[Valletta]], Malta.
Line 98: Line 98:


==References==
==References==
{{commons category|Gregorio Carafa (GM 62)}}
{{commons category|Gregorio Carafa (Knight Hospitaller)}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


Line 121: Line 121:
[[Category:1690 deaths]]
[[Category:1690 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Carafa|Gregorio]]
[[Category:House of Carafa|Gregorio]]
[[Category:Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller]]
[[Category:Grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller]]
[[Category:Italian knights]]
[[Category:Italian knights]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian nobility]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian nobility]]

Latest revision as of 10:07, 22 November 2024

For the Roman Catholic prelate, see Gregorio Carafa (archbishop).
Gregorio Carafa
Grand Master of the Order of Saint John
In office
2 May 1680 – 21 July 1690
Preceded byNicolas Cotoner
Succeeded byAdrien de Wignacourt
Personal details
Born17 March 1615
Castelvetere (modern Caulonia) Calabria
Died21 July 1690(1690-07-21) (aged 75)
Malta
Resting placeSt. John's Co-Cathedral
NationalityItalian
Military service
AllegianceSovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John
Battles/warsBattle of the Dardanelles

Fra Gregorio Carafa (17 March 1615 – 21 July 1690) was a nobleman from the House of Carafa and the 61st Grand Master of the Order of Saint John, from 1680 to his death in 1690.

Early life

[edit]

Carafa was born on 17 March 1615 in Castelvetere (modern Caulonia)[1][2][3][4] in Calabria, Italy to Girolamo, Prince of Roccella and Diana Vittori, the niece of Pope Paul IV. His brother was the Cardinal Carlo Carafa della Spina.[5]

He was enlisted with the Order of Saint John when he was only three months, in June 1615. He studied in Naples where various dignitaries and knights of the Order contributed to his education. In 1635, he went to Catalonia with his uncle Francesco Carafa, the prior general of Roccella. Carafa was soon promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order, and was promoted to prior general of Rocella after his uncle died.[6]

In 1647, he was involved in the Masaniello revolt where he tried to restore peace and order in Naples. After the defeat of the rebels, he was sent to Calabria to quell the uprising there. These accomplishments led to his promotion and command appointment of the Order's fleet.[6]

In 1656, he became the commander for the 7 Maltese galleys at the Battle of the Dardanelles. In this battle, the joint Venetian-Maltese fleet was victorious, and as a reward, Malta received 11 captured Ottoman ships. This battle was considered the heaviest naval defeat for the Ottomans since the Battle of Lepanto.[7]

After the victorious battle, he was welcomed and recognized in Malta as a hero. Subsequently, he reclaimed the wetlands at Bormola and strengthened the Order's fleet.[6]

Magistracy

[edit]

In 1682, he was elected Grand Master of the Order after the death of Nicolas Cotoner. In the same year that he became Grand Master, Carafa paid for the renovation of Auberge d'Italie. The facade was rebuilt in Baroque style, and a bronze bust of Carafa was placed in a prominent position over the front door of the Auberge. His personal coat of arms was also sculpted close to the bust.[8]

From 1681 onwards, Fort Saint Angelo was strengthened and rebuilt by the architect Carlos de Grunenbergh, at Carafa's request. Carafa's name appears on the plaque above the fort's main gate.

During his reign, the Order's navy was at its peak, with galleys led by knights and manned by experienced crews. Fearing an Ottoman attack, in 1687 Carafa strengthened Fort Saint Elmo by building a series of fortifications known as the Carafa Enceinte on the foreshore surrounding the fortress.[9]

Playing Cards were introduced in Malta during his reign.[10]

Carafa died on 21 July 1690 and was succeeded by Adrien de Wignacourt. He is buried in the Chapel of the Langue of Italy of St. John's Co-Cathedral in Valletta, Malta.

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gregorio Carafa (Knight Hospitaller).
  1. ^ "ROCCELLA IONICA: 400' ANNIVERSARIO DI GREGORIO CARAFA, IL MAESTRO DI CASTELVETERE CHE PORTO' LA CALABRIA NEL MONDO - TELEMIA - Emittente Televisiva". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  2. ^ "Roccella celebra i 400 anni della nascita di Gregorio Carafa". 12 May 2015.
  3. ^ "Comune Roccella Jonica - Sito Istituzionale del Comune - Presentato il programma delle manifestazioni in onore di Gregorio Carafa". Archived from the original on 2016-12-30. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  4. ^ "Roccella J. (RC): Al via celebrazioni in onore di Gregorio Carafa".
  5. ^ "The Grand Masters of the XVIIth century". A Rome Art Lover. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Bertoni, Luisa (1976). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian).
  7. ^ Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1991). Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century. DIANE Publishing. pp. 182–183. ISBN 0871691922.
  8. ^ "The Auberge d'Italie". Malta Tourism Authority. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  9. ^ "Fort St. Elmo" (PDF). Heritage Malta. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2013.
  10. ^ Bonello, Giovanni (January 2005). Michael Cooper (ed.). "The Playing-card" (PDF). Journal of the International Playing-Card Society. 32 (3). London: 191–197. ISSN 0305-2133. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2005.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Sirago, Maria. Gregorio Carafa: Gran Maestro dell'Ordine di Malta. Taranto: Centro studi melitensi, 2001.
[edit]
Preceded by Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
1680–1690 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gregorio_Carafa&oldid=1258917205"