Egyptian wolf: Difference between revisions
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m Changing locally defined but nonexistent Commons category (Category:Canis anthus lupaster) to the one from Wikidata (Category:Canis lupaster lupaster) |
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{{Short description|Subspecies of carnivore}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Subspeciesbox |
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| name = Egyptian wolf |
| name = Egyptian wolf |
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| status = |
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| image = Lupaster.png |
| image = Lupaster.png |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption = |
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| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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| genus = Canis |
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| species = lupaster |
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| ordo = [[Carnivora]] |
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| species_link = African golden wolf |
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| familia = [[Canidae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Canis]]'' |
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| species =''[[Canis anthus]]'' |
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| ⚫ | |||
| trinomial = ''Canis anthus lupaster'' |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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''C. aureus lupaster''<br> |
''C. aureus lupaster''<br> |
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''C. lupaster''<br> |
''C. lupaster''<br> |
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''C. lupus lupaster''<br> |
''C. lupus lupaster''<br> |
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''C. sacer'' (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833)}} |
''C. sacer'' {{small|(Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833)}} |
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}} |
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The '''Egyptian wolf''' |
The '''Egyptian wolf''' ('''''Canis lupaster lupaster''''') or the '''Egyptian jackal''' is a subspecies of [[African golden wolf]] native to [[North Africa|northern]], [[East Africa|eastern]] and a part of [[West Africa|western Africa]]. |
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==Taxonomic and evolutionary history== |
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In 2015, both golden jackals from Africa and Eurasia were found to represent distinct monophyletic lineages separated for more than one million years, sufficient to merit formal recognition as different species: ''C. aureus'' (Eurasian golden jackal) and ''C. anthus'' ([[African golden wolf]]).<ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060}}</ref> It has not been formally recognised as such by [[MSW3]] which, published in 2005,<ref name=MSW3lupaster>{{MSW3 Wozencraft | id=14000712}}</ref> classifies it as a subspecies of golden jackal. |
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The Egyptian wolf had an unresolved taxonomic identity and was formerly known as the '''Egyptian jackal'''. Throughout much of the 20th century, the animal was classed as a subspecies of [[golden jackal]], ''Canis aureus lupaster''. Notice was however taken by numerous zoologists of the animal's [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]], which corresponds more to that of the [[grey wolf]]. This was corroborated through [[mtDNA]] studies, which initially indicated that the animal was a [[subspecies of grey wolf]], and should be renamed '''African wolf''' (''Canis lupus lupaster''). |
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In 2015, both golden jackals from Africa and Eurasia were found to represent distinct monophyletic lineages separated for more than one million years, sufficient to merit formal recognition as different species: ''C. aureus'' (Eurasian golden jackal) and ''C. lupaster'' ([[African golden wolf]]).<ref name="koepfli2015">{{cite journal|last1=Koepfli|first1=K.-P.|last2= Pollinger|first2=J.|last3= Godinho|first3=R.|last4= Robinson|first4=J.|last5= Lea|first5=A.|last6= Hendricks|first6=S.|last7= Schweizer|first7=R. M.|last8= Thalmann|first8=O.|last9= Silva|first9=P.|last10= Fan|first10=Z.|last11= Yurchenko|first11=A. A.|last12= Dobrynin|first12=P.|last13= Makunin|first13=A.|last14= Cahill|first14=J. A.|last15= Shapiro|first15=B.|last16= Álvares|first16=F.|last17= Brito|first17=J. C.|last18= Geffen|first18=E.|last19= Leonard|first19=J. A.|last20= Helgen|first20=K. M.|last21= Johnson|first21=W. E.|last22= O’Brien|first22=S. J.|last23= Van Valkenburgh|first23=B.|last24= Wayne|first24=R. K.|title=Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species|journal=Current Biology|volume=25|issue= 16| pages= 2158–65|date= 2015-08-17|doi= 10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060|pmid=26234211|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015CBio...25.2158K }}</ref> It has not been formally recognised as such by [[MSW3]] which, published in 2005,<ref name=MSW3lupaster>{{MSW3 Wozencraft | id=14000712}}</ref> classifies it as a subspecies of golden jackal. |
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| ⚫ | |||
==Physical descriptions== |
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The Egyptian wolf differs from the [[Senegalese wolf]] by its heavier build, wider head, thicker fur, longer legs, more rounded ears, and shorter tail. The fur is darker than the golden jackal's, and has a broader white patch on the chest. Field observations in Senegal's [[Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary]] indicate that it is a solitary animal that lives on the periphery of Senegalese wolf territories, and dominates the latter species in disputes over carcasses.<ref name="gaubert2012"/> |
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==Biology and behavior== |
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According to shepherds in [[Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary]], while the Senegalese wolf preys primarily on lambs, the Egyptian wolf attacks larger prey, such as sheep, goats and cattle.<ref name="gaubert2012"/> |
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==Habitat and distribution== |
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| ⚫ | The Egyptian wolf inhabits a number of different habitats; in Algeria it lives in [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]], coastal and hilly areas (including hedged farmlands, scrublands, pinewoods and oak forests), while populations in Senegal inhabit [[Tropical climate|tropical]], semi-arid climate zones including [[Sahel]]ian savannahs. ''Lupaster'' populations in Mali have been documented in arid Sahelian [[massif]]s.<ref name="gaubert2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gaubert P, Bloch C, Benyacoub S, Abdelhamid A, Pagani P |year=2012|title= Reviving the African Wolf ''Canis lupus lupaster'' in North and West Africa: A Mitochondrial Lineage Ranging More than 6,000 km Wide|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=8|page=e42740|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0042740|pmid=22900047|pmc=3416759|bibcode=2012PLoSO...742740G|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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==Relationship with humans== |
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The animal head of the Egyptian god [[Anubis]] may have been based on the African wolf, rather than the [[golden jackal]] as was formerly believed.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/golden-jackals-europe-italy-slovenia-wolves-population-species-coyotes-a8728391.html The Independent - Golden Jackals Moving Into Western Europe]</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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{{ |
{{Commons category|Canis lupaster lupaster}} |
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* Osborn, D. J. & Helmy, I. (1980), ''[https://archive.org/stream/contemporaryland05osbo#page/360/mode/2up The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai)]'', Fieldiana Zoology new series, no.5, pp. |
* Osborn, D. J. & Helmy, I. (1980), ''[https://archive.org/stream/contemporaryland05osbo#page/360/mode/2up The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai)]'', Fieldiana Zoology new series, no.5, pp. 361–71 |
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{{Carnivora|F.}} |
{{Carnivora|F.}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q728631}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Mammals described in 1833]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Wolves]] |
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[[Category:Carnivorans of Africa]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of the Middle East]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of North Africa]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg]] |
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Latest revision as of 10:41, 22 November 2024
| Egyptian wolf | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Canidae |
| Genus: | Canis |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | C. l. lupaster
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| Trinomial name | |
| Canis lupaster lupaster | |
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| Synonyms | |
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C. aureus lupaster | |
The Egyptian wolf (Canis lupaster lupaster) or the Egyptian jackal is a subspecies of African golden wolf native to northern, eastern and a part of western Africa.
Taxonomic and evolutionary history
[edit]The Egyptian wolf had an unresolved taxonomic identity and was formerly known as the Egyptian jackal. Throughout much of the 20th century, the animal was classed as a subspecies of golden jackal, Canis aureus lupaster. Notice was however taken by numerous zoologists of the animal's morphology, which corresponds more to that of the grey wolf. This was corroborated through mtDNA studies, which initially indicated that the animal was a subspecies of grey wolf, and should be renamed African wolf (Canis lupus lupaster).
In 2015, both golden jackals from Africa and Eurasia were found to represent distinct monophyletic lineages separated for more than one million years, sufficient to merit formal recognition as different species: C. aureus (Eurasian golden jackal) and C. lupaster (African golden wolf).[1] It has not been formally recognised as such by MSW3 which, published in 2005,[2] classifies it as a subspecies of golden jackal.
Physical descriptions
[edit]The Egyptian wolf differs from the Senegalese wolf by its heavier build, wider head, thicker fur, longer legs, more rounded ears, and shorter tail. The fur is darker than the golden jackal's, and has a broader white patch on the chest. Field observations in Senegal's Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary indicate that it is a solitary animal that lives on the periphery of Senegalese wolf territories, and dominates the latter species in disputes over carcasses.[3]
Biology and behavior
[edit]According to shepherds in Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary, while the Senegalese wolf preys primarily on lambs, the Egyptian wolf attacks larger prey, such as sheep, goats and cattle.[3]
Habitat and distribution
[edit]The Egyptian wolf inhabits a number of different habitats; in Algeria it lives in Mediterranean, coastal and hilly areas (including hedged farmlands, scrublands, pinewoods and oak forests), while populations in Senegal inhabit tropical, semi-arid climate zones including Sahelian savannahs. Lupaster populations in Mali have been documented in arid Sahelian massifs.[3]
Relationship with humans
[edit]The animal head of the Egyptian god Anubis may have been based on the African wolf, rather than the golden jackal as was formerly believed.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Koepfli, K.-P.; Pollinger, J.; Godinho, R.; Robinson, J.; Lea, A.; Hendricks, S.; Schweizer, R. M.; Thalmann, O.; Silva, P.; Fan, Z.; Yurchenko, A. A.; Dobrynin, P.; Makunin, A.; Cahill, J. A.; Shapiro, B.; Álvares, F.; Brito, J. C.; Geffen, E.; Leonard, J. A.; Helgen, K. M.; Johnson, W. E.; O’Brien, S. J.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Wayne, R. K. (2015-08-17). "Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species". Current Biology. 25 (16): 2158–65. Bibcode:2015CBio...25.2158K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060. PMID 26234211.
- ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b c Gaubert P, Bloch C, Benyacoub S, Abdelhamid A, Pagani P, et al. (2012). "Reviving the African Wolf Canis lupus lupaster in North and West Africa: A Mitochondrial Lineage Ranging More than 6,000 km Wide". PLOS ONE. 7 (8): e42740. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...742740G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042740. PMC 3416759. PMID 22900047.
- ^ The Independent - Golden Jackals Moving Into Western Europe
Further reading
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canis lupaster lupaster.
- Osborn, D. J. & Helmy, I. (1980), The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai), Fieldiana Zoology new series, no.5, pp. 361–71