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Hollingworth Magniac (1786–1867)^[1] was a merchant and connoisseur of medieval art. He briefly ran the free trading firm of Magniac & Co. which was later to become Jardine, Matheson & Co., one of the largest trading houses in Asia during the 19th century.

Biography

Magniac was born on 15 April 1786 in Colworth House, Bedfordshire, the son of Colonel Francis Magniac (1751-1823)^[2] and Frances Attwood.^[1] His father was a French Huguenot (tracing back only to Charles Lewis Magniac b. 1725-??)^[3] goldsmith who exported clocks and watches to China.^[4] In order to keep an eye on his business interests there, he dispatched his son Charles to Canton where he went into partnership with Daniel Beale, an experienced China merchant, forming Beale, Magniac & Co. sometime before 1814.^[5]^: 17

Before the removal of the East India Company's monopoly on British trade with India and the Far East in 1834, the Scots-born seaman John Reid, a partner in Cox & Beale, discovered a way to circumvent the East India Company's jurisdiction. He took out Austrian citizenship and gained an appointment as Chinese Consul from the Emperor of Austria.^[4] As he now had diplomatic residence rights he no longer needed a licence to trade in Canton from the East India Company. Other partners in the firm quickly followed this example. In Hollingworth's case, he became Prussian Vice-Consul under his brother Charles, who was senior to him in the partnership. Charles was killed in Paris in 1824 during a trip to Europe.^[4]

Becoming Magniac & Co. after the retirement of Thomas Beale in 1814,^[5]^: 17 the firm under Charles grew into one of the largest and most prominent of all the China trading houses. After Charles' death in 1824, the firm was taken over by his brother Daniel who was subsequently forced to resign after he married his Chinese mistress and brought the family into disrepute. That left Hollingworth in charge but the firm was in disarray.^[6] Wishing to leave Asia, Hollingworth went in search of competent partners to join his firm.^[4] Previously, Scottish merchant William Jardine had helped Daniel Magniac by sending his young son Daniel Francis, his child by his Chinese wife, to Scotland for schooling. After an extensive search for a senior partner, Hollingworth settled on Jardine,^[7]^[8] whose business reputation was already well known throughout Asia. Magniac and Jardine also invited James Matheson to join the firm.^[9] Magniac returned to England in 1828 with the firm in the hands of two of the most talented traders in Asia. Contrary to the practice at the time of retiring partners removing their capital from the firm, Hollingworth left his capital in trust to Jardine and Matheson. The firm remained as Magniac and Co. until 1832,^[9] as the name was still formidable throughout China and India. The partnership was then restructured to become Jardine, Matheson & Co.^[10]^[11] which would go on to become the largest trading company in Asia^[12] and later a Fortune 500 listed company.^[13]

Magniac married Helen Sampson, daughter of Peter Sampson, in 1827.^[1] After his return to England, in 1835 Magniac became a partner in the merchant banking firm of Magniac, Smith & Co. along with partners John Abel Smith and Oswald Smith at 3 Lombard Street, London.^[7] Jardine agreed to make them agents for Jardine, Matheson & Co. with the proviso "At no time shall it be expedient that we should give up the option of carrying on transactions with other London houses".^[7] In 1841 the bank was renamed Magniac, Jardine & Co.^[9] when William Jardine became a partner on his return to England.

Death

Magniac died on 31 March 1867 at age 80 in London, England. He is buried in the Magniac mausoleum in Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire. There is a memorial to Magniac and his wife in the local church.^[14]

Medieval art collection

Magniac's collection of medieval art included Christ Crowned with Thorns by Hieronymus Bosch, now in the National Gallery in London. He also owned a fake "15th-century" Swiss or German coffer now in the Victoria and Albert Museum^[15] as well as the Reliquary from the Shrine of St. Oda which later passed to his son Charles.^[16]

Issue

Charles Magniac, Member of Parliament for St. Ives 1868-74 and for Bedford 1880-85
Fanny Eliza Magniac (c 1827–5 May 1903)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 3, p. 4138.
^ "Col. Francis Magniac". 29 November 2022.
^ https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/francis-magniac-24-12mxlfc ^{[bare URL]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Keswick, Maggie; Weatherall, Clara (2008). The thistle and the jade:a celebration of 175 years of Jardine Matheson. Francis Lincoln Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7112-2830-6. p.18 Online version at Google books
^ ^a ^b Ride, Lindsay; Ride, May; Mellor, Bernard (ed.) (1996). An East India company cemetery: Protestant burials in Macao. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-384-3. {{cite book}}: |first3= has generic name (help)
^ Waters, Dan (1990). "Hongs Kong's Hongs with Long Histories and British Connections" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. 30: 219–256. ISSN 1991-7295. p. 221
^ ^a ^b ^c Carol Matheson Connell (2004). A Business in Risk: Jardine Matheson and the Hong Kong Trading Industry. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 7, 27. ISBN 978-0-275-98035-1.
^ "The East India Company's Abkarry and Pilgrim Taxes: Questions of Public Order and Morality or Revenue?" (PDF). Swedish South Asian Studies Network, Lund University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.p. 20
^ ^a ^b ^c "William Jardine". Stanford University. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
^ "Jardine Matheson Archive". University of Manchester. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
^ "Chinese free trade with Britain and America (英、美在中國的「自由貿易」)" (in Chinese). National Taiwan University. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
^ Dong, Stella (2001). Shanghai:The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-060-93481-1. p. 6
^ "Fortune 500. 437: Jardine Matheson". Fortune. 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
^ Pearson, Lynne F. (2002). Mausoleums. Shire Publications. ISBN 0-7478-0518-0. p.11 Online version at Google books
^ Jones, Mark (1990). Fake?: the art of deception. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07086-8.
^ "Relics & Reliquaries : Reliquary from the Shrine of St. Oda". University of Columbia. Retrieved 27 March 2011.

[Burkes-1] Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 3, p. 4138.

[2] "Col. Francis Magniac". 29 November 2022.

[3] ttps://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/francis-magniac-24-12mxlfc ^{[bare URL]}

[TANDJ-4] Keswick, Maggie; Weatherall, Clara (2008). The thistle and the jade:a celebration of 175 years of Jardine Matheson. Francis Lincoln Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7112-2830-6. p.18 Online version at Google books

[RIDE-5] Ride, Lindsay; Ride, May; Mellor, Bernard (ed.) (1996). An East India company cemetery: Protestant burials in Macao. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-384-3. {{cite book}}: |first3= has generic name (help)

[6] Waters, Dan (1990). "Hongs Kong's Hongs with Long Histories and British Connections" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. 30: 219–256. ISSN 1991-7295. p. 221

[CONNELL-7] Carol Matheson Connell (2004). A Business in Risk: Jardine Matheson and the Hong Kong Trading Industry. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 7, 27. ISBN 978-0-275-98035-1.

[8] "The East India Company's Abkarry and Pilgrim Taxes: Questions of Public Order and Morality or Revenue?" (PDF). Swedish South Asian Studies Network, Lund University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.p. 20

[STANFORD-9] "William Jardine". Stanford University. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.

[10] "Jardine Matheson Archive". University of Manchester. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.

[11] "Chinese free trade with Britain and America (英、美在中國的「自由貿易」)" (in Chinese). National Taiwan University. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.

[12] Dong, Stella (2001). Shanghai:The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-060-93481-1. p. 6

[13] "Fortune 500. 437: Jardine Matheson". Fortune. 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2011.

[14] Pearson, Lynne F. (2002). Mausoleums. Shire Publications. ISBN 0-7478-0518-0. p.11 Online version at Google books

[15] Jones, Mark (1990). Fake?: the art of deception. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07086-8.

[16] "Relics & Reliquaries : Reliquary from the Shrine of St. Oda". University of Columbia. Retrieved 27 March 2011.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
-'''Hollingworth Magniac''' (1786–1867)<ref name="Burkes">Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 3, page 4138.</ref> was a merchant and connoisseur of medieval art. He was instrumental in the formation of [[Jardine Matheson Holdings|Jardine Matheson, and Company]], one of the largest [[Hong (business)|trading houses]] in Asia during the 19th century.
+'''Hollingworth Magniac''' (1786–1867)<ref name="Burkes">Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 3, p.  4138.</ref> was a merchant and connoisseur of medieval art. He briefly ran the free trading firm of Magniac & Co. which was later to become [[Jardine Matheson Holdings|Jardine, Matheson & Co.]], one of the largest [[Hong (business)|trading houses]] in Asia during the 19th century.
 ==Biography==
+Magniac was born on 15 April 1786 in [[Colworth House]], Bedfordshire, the son of Colonel Francis Magniac (1751-1823)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.geni.com/people/Col-Francis-Magniac/6000000014311971363 | title=Col. Francis Magniac | date=29 November 2022 }}</ref> and Frances Attwood.<ref name="Burkes"/> His father was a French [[Huguenot]] (tracing back only to Charles Lewis Magniac
-Magniac was born on 15&nbsp;April 1786 in [[Colworth]], Bedfordshire, the son of Colonel Francis Magniac and Frances Attwood.<ref name="Burkes"/> His father was a French [[Huguenot]] goldsmith who exported clocks and watches to China.<ref name="TANDJ">{{Cite book|last1=Keswick|first1=Maggie|last2=Weatherall|first2=Clara|title=The thistle and the jade:a celebration of 175 years of Jardine Matheson|year=2008|publisher=Francis Lincoln Publishing|isbn=978-0-7112-2830-6}} p.18 [http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=yHXNMZJ2WGoC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=the+house+of+magniac&source=bl&ots=6zxFBTvoq5&sig=Ya_ETY-yvlzBeFoEOs9HTLC0Hoo&hl=zh-CN&ei=IJGOTd76O4LMuAP-jLGsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=the%20house%20of%20magniac&f=false Online version at Google books]</ref> In order to keep an eye on his business interests there, he dispatched his son Charles to Canton where he went into partnership with [[Daniel Beale]], an experienced China merchant.
+b. 1725-??)<ref>https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/francis-magniac-24-12mxlfc {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> goldsmith who exported clocks and watches to China.<ref name="TANDJ">{{Cite book|last1=Keswick|first1=Maggie|last2=Weatherall|first2=Clara|title=The thistle and the jade:a celebration of 175 years of Jardine Matheson|year=2008|publisher=Francis Lincoln Publishing|isbn=978-0-7112-2830-6}} p.18 [https://books.google.com/books?id=yHXNMZJ2WGoC&pg=PA79 Online version at Google books]</ref> In order to keep an eye on his business interests there, he dispatched his son Charles to Canton where he went into partnership with [[Daniel Beale]], an experienced China merchant, forming Beale, Magniac & Co. sometime before 1814.<ref name=RIDE>{{Cite book|last1=Ride|first1=Lindsay|first2=May|last2=Ride|first3=Bernard (ed.)|last3=Mellor| title=An East India company cemetery: Protestant burials in Macao| year=1996| publisher=Hong Kong University Press| isbn=978-962-209-384-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flbXWNoVraEC}}</ref>{{rp|17}}
-Before the removal of the [[British East India Company|East India Company]]'s monopoly on British trade with India and the Far East in 1834, the Scots-born seaman John Reid, a partner in Cox & Beale, the precursor to Jardine Matheson and Company, discovered a way to circumvent the East India Company's jurisdiction. He took out Austrian citizenship and gained an appointment as Chinese Consul from the Emperor of Austria.<ref name="TANDJ"/> As he now had diplomatic residence rights he no longer needed a licence to trade in Canton from the East India Company. Other partners in the firm quickly followed this example. In Hollingworth's case, he became [[Prussia]]n Vice-Consul under his brother Charles, who was senior to him in the partnership. Charles was killed in Paris in 1824 during a trip to Europe.<ref name="TANDJ"/>
+Before the removal of the [[British East India Company|East India Company]]'s monopoly on British trade with India and the Far East in 1834, the Scots-born seaman John Reid, a partner in Cox & Beale, discovered a way to circumvent the East India Company's jurisdiction. He took out Austrian citizenship and gained an appointment as Chinese Consul from the Emperor of Austria.<ref name="TANDJ"/> As he now had diplomatic residence rights he no longer needed a licence to trade in Canton from the East India Company. Other partners in the firm quickly followed this example. In Hollingworth's case, he became [[Prussia]]n Vice-Consul under his brother Charles, who was senior to him in the partnership. Charles was killed in Paris in 1824 during a trip to Europe.<ref name="TANDJ"/>
+Becoming Magniac & Co. after the retirement of Thomas Beale in 1814,<ref name=RIDE />{{rp|17}} the firm under Charles grew into one of the largest and most prominent of all the [[Canton System|China trading houses]]. After Charles' death in 1824, the firm was taken over by his brother Daniel who was subsequently forced to resign after he married his Chinese mistress and brought the family into disrepute. That left Hollingworth in charge but the firm was in disarray.<ref>{{Cite journal
-Magniac & Co, founded by Charles in the 18th century,<ref name=RIDE>
-{{Cite book|last1=Ride|first1=Lindsay|first2=May|last2=Ride|first3=Bernard (ed.)|last3=Mellor
- | title=An East India company cemetery: Protestant burials in Macao
- | year=1996
- | publisher=Hong Kong Univ Press
- | isbn=978-962-209-384-3
-}} p. 250, 253 [http://books.google.com/books?id=flbXWNoVraEC&printsec=frontcover Online version at Google books]</ref> had grown into one of the largest and most prominent of all the [[Canton System|China trading houses]]. However, after Charles' death the firm was taken over by his brother Daniel who was subsequently forced to resign after he married his Chinese mistress and brought the family into disrepute. That left Hollingworth in charge but by 1824 (some sources state 1822), the firm was in disarray.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | last1 = Waters
  | first1 = Dan
  | year = 1990
- | title = Hongs Kong's  Hongs with Long Histories and British Connections
+ | title = Hongs Kong's Hongs with Long Histories and British Connections
  | journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch
  | volume = 30
  | pages=219&ndash;256
  | url=http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/8deeba7475f950a5f3938fc24f687bbe.pdf
- | issn = 1990-7295
+ | issn=1991-7295
+}} p. 221</ref> Wishing to leave Asia, Hollingworth went in search of competent partners to join his firm.<ref name="TANDJ"/> Previously, Scottish merchant [[William Jardine (1784–1843)|William Jardine]] had helped Daniel Magniac by sending his young son Daniel Francis, his child by his Chinese wife, to Scotland for schooling. After an extensive search for a senior partner, Hollingworth settled on Jardine,<ref name="CONNELL">{{cite book|author=Carol Matheson Connell|title=A Business in Risk: Jardine Matheson and the Hong Kong Trading Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOOCn-yBRWoC&pg=PA7|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-98035-1|pages=7, 27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/22NancyGardner.pdf|title=The East India Company's Abkarry and Pilgrim Taxes: Questions of Public Order and Morality or Revenue?|publisher=Swedish South Asian Studies Network, [[Lund University]]|accessdate=10 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926214003/http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/22NancyGardner.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2011|url-status=dead}}p. 20</ref> whose business reputation was already well known throughout Asia. Magniac and Jardine also invited [[James Matheson]] to join the firm.<ref name="STANFORD">{{Cite web|url=http://auden.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I20092&ged=auden-bicknell.ged |title=William Jardine |publisher=[[Stanford University]] |accessdate=27 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812005435/http://auden.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I20092&ged=auden-bicknell.ged |archivedate=12 August 2011}}</ref> Magniac returned to England in 1828 with the firm in the hands of two of the most talented traders in Asia. Contrary to the practice at the time of retiring partners removing their capital from the firm, Hollingworth left his capital in trust to Jardine and Matheson. The firm remained as Magniac and Co. until 1832,<ref name="STANFORD" /> as the name was still formidable throughout China and India. The partnership was then restructured to become [[Jardine Matheson Holdings|Jardine, Matheson & Co.]]<ref>{{Cite web
-}} p. 221</ref> Wishing to leave Asia, Hollingworth went in search of competent partners to join his firm.<ref name="TANDJ"/>   Previously, Scottish merchant [[William Jardine (1784–1843)|William Jardine]] had helped Daniel Magniac by sending his young son Daniel Francis, his child by his Chinese wife, to Scotland for schooling. After an extensive search for a senior partner, Hollingworth settled on Jardine,<ref name="CONNELL">
+ |url         = http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/03021205.html
-{{Cite book |last=Matheson Connell|first=Carol|title=A Business in Risk &ndash; Jardine Matheson and the Hong Kong Trading Industry|publisher=Praeger|year=2004|isbn=978-0-275-98035-1}} p. 7 [http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=TOOCn-yBRWoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+Business+in+Risk+%E2%80%93+Jardine+Matheson+and+the+Hong+Kong+Trading+Industry&source=bl&ots=KgTVaoEtfL&sig=1RVa6TsN03S9PJfFi263akYu58U&hl=zh-CN&ei=gqufTfK_B4SXcfysycAP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Online version at Google books]</ref><ref>{{Cite web
+ |title       = Jardine Matheson Archive
-|url=http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/22NancyGardner.pdf|title= The East India Company's Abkarry and Pilgrim Taxes: Questions of Public Order and Morality or Revenue?
-|publisher=Swedish South Asian Studies Network, [[Lund University]]
+ |publisher   = [[University of Manchester]]
-|accessdate=10 April 2011
+ |accessdate  = 10 April 2011
+ |url-status     = dead
-}}p. 20</ref> whose business reputation was already well known throughout Asia. Magniac and Jardine also invited [[James Matheson]] to join the firm.<ref name="STANFORD">{{Cite web|url=http://auden.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I20092&ged=auden-bicknell.ged|title=William Jardine|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|accessdate=27 March 2011}}</ref> Magniac returned to England in 1828 with the firm in the hands of two of the most talented traders in Asia. Contrary to the practice at the time of retiring partners removing their capital from the firm, Hollingworth left his capital in trust to Jardine and Matheson. The firm remained as Magniac and Co. until 1832,<ref name="STANFORD" /> as the name was still formidable throughout China and India. The partnership was then restructured to become [[Jardine Matheson Holdings|Jardine Matheson and Company]]<ref>{{Cite web
-| url= http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/03021205.html
+ |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110929001710/http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/03021205.html
+ |archivedate = 29 September 2011
-| title = Jardine Matheson Archive
-| publisher=[[University of Manchester]]
-| accessdate = 10 April 2011
 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
 | url=http://culture.edu.tw/history/smenu_photomenu.php?smenuid=1718
 | title=Chinese free trade with Britain and America (英、美在中國的「自由貿易」)
-| language= Chinese
+| language=Chinese
 | publisher=[[National Taiwan University]]
+| accessdate=10 April 2011
-| accessdate=10 April 2011}}</ref> which would go on to become the largest [[Hong (business)|trading company]] in Asia<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dong|first=Stella|title=Shanghai:The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City|publisher=New York: HarperCollins Publishers|year=2000|isbn=0-688-81579-8 {{Please check ISBN|reason=Check digit (8) does not correspond to calculated figure.}}}} p. 6</ref> and later a [[Fortune 500]] listed company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/snapshots/8000.html|title=Fortune 500. 437: Jardine Matheson|publisher=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|year=2008|accessdate=27 March 2011}}</ref>
+| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725194715/http://culture.edu.tw/history/smenu_photomenu.php?smenuid=1718
+| archive-date=25 July 2011
+| url-status=dead
+}}</ref> which would go on to become the largest [[Hong (business)|trading company]] in Asia<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dong|first=Stella|title=Shanghai:The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City|publisher=New York: HarperCollins Publishers|year=2001|isbn = 978-0-060-93481-1}} p. 6</ref> and later a [[Fortune 500]] listed company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/snapshots/8000.html|title=Fortune 500. 437: Jardine Matheson|publisher=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|year=2008|accessdate=27 March 2011}}</ref>
-Magniac married Helen Sampson, daughter of Peter Sampson, in 1827.<ref name="Burkes"/> After his return to England, in 1835 Magniac became a partner in the merchant banking firm of Magniac, Smith & Co. along with partners [[John Abel Smith]] and Oswald Smith at 3 [[Lombard Street, London|Lombard Street]], London.<ref name="CONNELL">p.27</ref> Jardine agreed to make them agents for Jardine Matheson and Company with the proviso "At no time shall it be expedient that we should give up the option of carrying on transactions with other London houses".<ref name="CONNELL"/> In 1841 the bank was renamed Magniac, Jardine & Co.<ref name="STANFORD" /> when William Jardine became a partner on his return to England.
+Magniac married Helen Sampson, daughter of Peter Sampson, in 1827.<ref name="Burkes"/> After his return to England, in 1835 Magniac became a partner in the merchant banking firm of Magniac, Smith & Co. along with partners [[John Abel Smith]] and Oswald Smith at 3 [[Lombard Street, London|Lombard Street]], London.<ref name="CONNELL"/> Jardine agreed to make them agents for Jardine, Matheson & Co. with the proviso "At no time shall it be expedient that we should give up the option of carrying on transactions with other London houses".<ref name="CONNELL"/> In 1841 the bank was renamed Magniac, Jardine & Co.<ref name="STANFORD" /> when William Jardine became a partner on his return to England.
 ===Death===
-Magniac died on 31 March 1867 at age 80 in London, England. He is buried in the Magniac mausoleum in [[Sharnbrook]], Bedfordshire. There is a memorial to Magniac and his wife in the local church.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pearson|first=Lynne F.|title=Mausoleums|year=2002|publisher=Shire Publications|isbn=0-7478-0518-0}} p.11 [http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=ZXj-vrAQpNQC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=Hollingworth+Magniac&source=bl&ots=4sIPC7-TaX&sig=WEjqjzuBEHZweZizKaIFIjcdnFw&hl=zh-CN&ei=-YqOTZndBcOGcaKYkYUK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=Hollingworth%20Magniac&f=false Online version at Google books]</ref>
+Magniac died on 31 March 1867 at age 80 in London, England. He is buried in the Magniac mausoleum in [[Sharnbrook]], Bedfordshire. There is a memorial to Magniac and his wife in the local church.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pearson|first=Lynne F.|title=Mausoleums|year=2002|publisher=Shire Publications|isbn=0-7478-0518-0}} p.11 [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXj-vrAQpNQC&pg=PA11 Online version at Google books]</ref>
 ==Medieval art collection==
-Magniac's collection of medieval art included a fake "15th-century" Swiss or German [[coffer]] now in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Mark|title=Fake?: the art of deception|year=1990|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-07086-8}}</ref> as well as the [[Reliquary]] from the Shrine of St. Oda which later passed to his son [[Charles Magniac|Charles]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.learn.columbia.edu/treasuresofheaven/relics/Reliquary-from-the-Shrine-of-St-Oda.php|title=Relics & Reliquaries : Reliquary from the Shrine of St. Oda|publisher=[[University of Columbia]]|accessdate=27 March 2011}}</ref>
+Magniac's collection of medieval art included [[Christ Crowned with Thorns (Bosch, London)|''Christ Crowned with Thorns'']] by [[Hieronymus Bosch]], now in the [[National Gallery]] in London.  He also owned a fake "15th-century" Swiss or German [[coffer]] now in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Mark|title=Fake?: the art of deception|year=1990|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-07086-8}}</ref> as well as the [[Reliquary]] from the Shrine of St. Oda which later passed to his son [[Charles Magniac|Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.learn.columbia.edu/treasuresofheaven/relics/Reliquary-from-the-Shrine-of-St-Oda.php|title=Relics & Reliquaries : Reliquary from the Shrine of St. Oda|publisher=[[University of Columbia]]|accessdate=27 March 2011}}</ref>
 ==Issue==
-*[[Charles Magniac]], Member of Parliament for [[St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)|St. Ives]]
+*[[Charles Magniac]], Member of Parliament for [[St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)|St. Ives]] 1868-74 and for Bedford 1880-85
 *[[Fanny Eliza Magniac]] (c 1827&ndash;5 May 1903)
@@ Line 55: / Line 52: @@
 {{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}
+{{Foreign trade in Imperial China |state=collapsed}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
+{{Authority control}}
-| NAME              = Magniac, Holligworth
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 15 April 1786
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 31 March 1867
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Magniac, Holligworth}}
 [[Category:1786 births]]
 [[Category:1867 deaths]]
-[[Category:Jardine Matheson Group]]
+[[Category:Jardines (company)]]
+[[Category:People from Sharnbrook]]
+[[Category:English art collectors]]

v t e European and American trade in Qing China
Topics	Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories
Chinese Hongs	Ewo Hong Howqua
Foreign Hongs	Augustine Heard & Co. Augustine Heard Albert Heard Dent & Co. Lancelot Dent John Dent Dodwell & Co. Gibb, Livingston & Co. Hugh Bold Gibb Jardine, Matheson & Co. William Jardine James Matheson John Abel Smith Magniac & Co. Daniel Beale Thomas Beale Thomas Chay Beale Hollingworth Magniac Olyphant & Co. David Olyphant Robert Morrison Olyphant Russell & Company Robert Bennet Forbes John Cleve Green Abiel Abbot Low William Henry Low Samuel Russell Russell Sturgis Shewan, Tomes & Co. Robert Shewan David Sassoon & Co. David Sassoon E.D. Sassoon & Co. Elias David Sassoon
Chinese Officials	Lin Zexu
Key Locations	Amoy Canton Fuzhou Hong Kong Macau Shanghai

Authority control databases
International	VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	United States
Artists	ULAN