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{{short description|Electric vehicle charging connector for commercial vehicles}}
{{short description|Electric vehicle charging connector for commercial vehicles}}
{{Globalize|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox connector
{{Infobox connector
| name = MCS
| name = Megawatt Charging System connector
| image = [[File:MCS v3.2.svg|frameless|upright=1.5]]
| image = [[File:MCS v3.2.svg|frameless|upright=1.1]]
| caption = Prototype v3.2 MCS connector; there are two primary power (DC) pins, four communications/detection (C) pins, and one protective earth (PE) pin.
| caption = Prototype v3.2 MCS connector; there are two primary power (DC) pins, four communications/detection (C) pins, and one protective earth (PE) pin.
| type = Electric vehicle charging
| type = Electric vehicle charging
| designer = MCS (former HPCCV) working group, CharIN
| designer = MCS (former HPCCV) working group, CharIN
| design_date = 2020‒2022
| design_date = 2020‒2022
| production_date = 2023 (planned){{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
| production_date = 2023 (planned){{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
| width = <!-- ~{{convert|72|mm|inch|abbr=on}} -->
| width = <!-- ~{{convert|72|mm|inch|abbr=on}} -->
| height = <!-- ~{{convert|72|mm|inch|abbr=on}} -->
| height = <!-- ~{{convert|72|mm|inch|abbr=on}} -->
| electrical = DC
| electrical = DC
| earth = Dedicated pin
| earth = Dedicated pin
| maximum_voltage = 1,250&nbsp;V<ref name=NREL-2021/>
| maximum_voltage = 1,250&nbsp;V<ref name=NREL-2021/>
| maximum_current = 3,000&nbsp;A<ref name=NREL-2021>{{cite press release |url=https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2021/industry-experts-researchers-put-charging-systems-for-electric-trucks-to-test.html |title=Industry Experts, Researchs Put Charging Systems for Electric Trucks to the Test |date=August 30, 2021 |publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory |access-date=27 September 2022 |quote=Building on previous lessons learned, this year's event focused on expanded evaluation to consider more real-world cases for safety and durability within the [Megawatt Charging System] standard, which specifies compatibility with up to 1,250 volts and 3,000 amps.}}</ref>
| maximum_current = 3,000&nbsp;A<ref name=NREL-2021>{{cite press release |url=https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2021/industry-experts-researchers-put-charging-systems-for-electric-trucks-to-test.html |title=Industry Experts, Researchs Put Charging Systems for Electric Trucks to the Test |date=August 30, 2021 |publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory |access-date=27 September 2022 |quote=Building on previous lessons learned, this year's event focused on expanded evaluation to consider more real-world cases for safety and durability within the [Megawatt Charging System] standard, which specifies compatibility with up to 1,250 volts and 3,000 amps.}}</ref>
| data_signal = [[ISO 15118]]-20
| data_signal = [[ISO 15118]]-20
| physical_connector = MCS<ref name=MCS-proto>{{cite news |url=https://www.electrive.com/2022/06/14/charin-shows-megawatt-charging-system-for-heavy-evs/ |title=CharIN shows MW charging system commercial EVs |date=June 14, 2022 |work=Electrive |access-date=27 September 2022 |quote=The geometry of the charging plug, for example, was on display at the ABB eMobility stand. The design, long kept secret by CharIN, is triangular, with the tip pointing downwards. In the two upper corners are the (as expected) large receptacles for the two DC pins. The other, smaller pins for earthing and communication are placed in the middle and at the bottom. Since this is still a prototype, the final standard is not to be published until 2024, as mentioned above. CharIN says that the members of the organisation will present their respective products implementing MCS in the coming year. This means that the connector design should already be very close to the final specification.}}</ref>
| physical_connector = MCS<ref name=MCS-proto>{{cite news |url=https://www.electrive.com/2022/06/14/charin-shows-megawatt-charging-system-for-heavy-evs/ |title=CharIN shows MW charging system commercial EVs |date=June 14, 2022 |work=Electrive |access-date=27 September 2022 |quote=The geometry of the charging plug, for example, was on display at the ABB eMobility stand. The design, long kept secret by CharIN, is triangular, with the tip pointing downwards. In the two upper corners are the (as expected) large receptacles for the two DC pins. The other, smaller pins for earthing and communication are placed in the middle and at the bottom. Since this is still a prototype, the final standard is not to be published until 2024, as mentioned above. CharIN says that the members of the organisation will present their respective products implementing MCS in the coming year. This means that the connector design should already be very close to the final specification.}}</ref>
| pinout_image =
| pinout_image =
| pinout_caption =
| pinout_caption =
| num_pins = 7<ref name=MCS-proto/>
| num_pins = 7<ref name=MCS-proto/>
<!--
<!--
| pin_custom1_name = PP
| pin_custom1_name = PP
Line 36: Line 35:
| pin_name_custom5 = DC-
| pin_name_custom5 = DC-
| pin_custom5 = Negative
| pin_custom5 = Negative
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-->| pinout_notes =
-->
}}
⚫
| pinout_notes = }}
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The '''Megawatt Charging System''' ('''MCS''') is a charging connector under development for large [[battery electric vehicle]]s. The connector will be rated for charging at a maximum rate of {{nowrap|3.75 megawatts}} (3,000 amps at 1,250 volts [[direct current]] (DC)).


⚫
The '''Megawatt Charging System''' ('''MCS''') is a charging connector under development for large [[battery electric vehicle]]s. The connector will be rated for charging at a maximum rate of {{nowrap|3.75 megawatts}} (3,000 amps at 1,250 volts [[direct current]] (DC)).
⚫
The MCS connector is being advanced by the [[CharIN]] organization, with aspirations that it become a worldwide standard charging connector for large and medium commercial vehicles. <ref name=2020update/>

⚫
The MCS connector is being advanced by the [[CharIN]] organization, with aspirations that it become a worldwide standard charging connector for large and medium commercial vehicles.<ref name=2020update/>


==History==
==History==
A Charging Interface Initiative e.V. (CharIN) task force was formed by industry actors in March 2018, with the purpose to "define a new commercial vehicle high power charging standard to maximize customer flexibility."<ref name=2020update>{{cite web |url=https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=233844&DocumentContentId=66619 |title=CharIN HPCCV Task Force: High Power Plug Update |date=April 2020 |author= |publisher=CharIN |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref> CharIN had previously developed the [[Combined Charging System]] (CCS) specification. From early 2018 until late 2019, the abbreviation '''HPCCV''' (High Power Charging for Commercial Vehicles) was used, following the name of the CharIN consortium taskforce. The purpose statement was later revised to "work out requirements for a new commercial vehicle high power charging solution to maximize customer flexibility when using fully electric commercial vehicles. The scope of the technical recommendation is to be limited to the connector, and any related requirements for the EVSE, the vehicle, communication, and related hardware."<ref name=MCS/>
A Charging Interface Initiative e.V. (CharIN) task force was formed by industry actors in March 2018, with the purpose to "define a new commercial vehicle high power charging standard to maximize customer flexibility."<ref name=2020update>{{cite web |url=https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=233844&DocumentContentId=66619 |title=CharIN HPCCV Task Force: High Power Plug Update |date=April 2020 |author= |publisher=CharIN |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref> CharIN had previously developed the [[Combined Charging System]] (CCS) specification. From early 2018 until late 2019, the abbreviation '''HPCCV''' (High Power Charging for Commercial Vehicles) was used, following the name of the CharIN consortium taskforce. The purpose statement was later revised to "work out requirements for a new commercial vehicle high power charging solution to maximize customer flexibility when using fully electric commercial vehicles. The scope of the technical recommendation is to be limited to the connector, and any related requirements for the [[EVSE]], the vehicle, communication, and related hardware."<ref name=MCS/>


The HPCCV held a meeting in September 2018 to build consensus on proposed requirements, and the CharIN Board of Management approved a set of consensus requirements in November 2018.<ref name=2020update/> Five companies submitted candidate designs to meet the requirements: [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]], [[Electrify America]], [[ABB]], [[Paxos Consulting & Engineering GmbH|paXos]], and [[Stäubli]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.ctfassets.net/ucu418cgcnau/5J81Ru4JDRMBk9GDh4Xv7O/88cff89a0a720999f42ab8202909ed53/04_-_Bus_and_Truck_Working_Council_June_2019_-_CharIN_HPCVCS_Task_Force_update_6.10.2019_Rustam.pdf|series=CharIN High Power Commercial Vehicle Charging|title=Standardization Task Force update|date=2019-06-11|access-date=2021-01-10|first=Rustam|last=Kocher}}</ref> HPCCV selected a charging plug and socket design in May 2019, which was endorsed by CharIN leadership in September 2019.<ref name=2020update/> The version 1.0 HPCCV connector had a triangular shape and round power pins, but the design required further development as it was not finger-proof.<ref name=Bohn-2022-04>{{cite web |url=https://publicdownload.epri.com/PublicAttachmentDownload.svc/AttachmentId=78275 |title=SAE J3271 Megawatt Charging System standard; part of MW+ multiport electric vehicle charging for everything that 'rolls, flies or floats' |author=Bohn, Theodore |date=April 12, 2022 |publisher=EPRI Bus & Truck |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref>
The HPCCV held a meeting in September 2018 to build consensus on proposed requirements, and the CharIN Board of Management approved a set of consensus requirements in November 2018.<ref name=2020update/> Five companies submitted candidate designs to meet the requirements: [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]], [[Electrify America]], [[ABB]], [[Paxos Consulting & Engineering GmbH|paXos]], and [[Stäubli]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.ctfassets.net/ucu418cgcnau/5J81Ru4JDRMBk9GDh4Xv7O/88cff89a0a720999f42ab8202909ed53/04_-_Bus_and_Truck_Working_Council_June_2019_-_CharIN_HPCVCS_Task_Force_update_6.10.2019_Rustam.pdf|series=CharIN High Power Commercial Vehicle Charging|title=Standardization Task Force update|date=2019-06-11|access-date=2021-01-10|first=Rustam|last=Kocher}}</ref> HPCCV selected a charging plug and socket design in May 2019, which was endorsed by CharIN leadership in September 2019.<ref name=2020update/> The version 1.0 HPCCV connector had a triangular shape and round power pins, but the design required further development as it was not finger-proof (safe from accidental contact with the power pins).<ref name=Bohn-2022-04>{{cite web |url=https://publicdownload.epri.com/PublicAttachmentDownload.svc/AttachmentId=78275 |title=SAE J3271 Megawatt Charging System standard; part of MW+ multiport electric vehicle charging for everything that 'rolls, flies or floats' |author=Bohn, Theodore |date=April 12, 2022 |publisher=EPRI Bus & Truck |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref>


[[Image:Draft-mcs-megawatt-charging-system-geometry.svg|thumb|left|Approximate drawing of previous {{nowrap|version 2}} draft outlet; DC± would have been carried via two "tuning fork" contacts]]
[[Image:Draft-mcs-megawatt-charging-system-geometry.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Approximate drawing of previous {{nowrap|version 2}} draft outlet; DC± would have been carried via two "tuning fork" contacts]]
A test of seven vehicle inlets and eleven connectors was held at the US [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]] (NREL) in September 2020. The prototype hardware represented designs from seven different manufacturers, and six additional manufacturers participated virtually. Criteria evaluated included fit/compatibility, ergonomics, and thermal performance.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.charinev.org/news/news-detail-2018/news/the-charin-path-to-megawatt-charging-mcs-successful-connector-test-event-at-nrel/|title=The CharIN path to Megawatt Charging (MCS): Successful connector test event at NREL|date=2020-10-13|access-date=2021-01-10|quote=On September 23–24, 2020 … Fit and ergonomics evaluation of the MCS connector and inlet … At the facilities of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2020/nrel-hosted-event-supports-industry-development-megawatt-charging-system-connectors.html|title=NREL-Hosted Event Supports Industry Development of Megawatt Charging System Connectors|date=2020-10-12|access-date=2021-01-10|publisher=NREL|quote=Megawatt Charging System (MCS), a new charging standard for medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicles … enabled seven vehicle inlets and 11 charger connectors to test their designs together. … high-current nature of this system presents unique challenges to minimize cable length to improve efficiency and reduce thermal cooling … test matrix covering all connector and inlet combinations. … CharIN group has identified a list of priority requirements for a new high-power bidirectional charging system, including compatibility with up to 1,500 volts and 3,000 amps.}}</ref> Evaluations at maximum current (3000&nbsp;A) were conducted with cooling of both the inlet and the connector; for connector cooling only, current was limited to 1000&nbsp;A, and without cooling, current was limited to 350&nbsp;A.<ref name=Meintz2021>{{cite web |url=https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-06/elt204_meintz_2021_o_5-14_551pm_KF_TM_LS.pdf#page=20 |title=Charging INfrastructure Technologies: Development of a Multiport, >1 MW Charging System for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles |author=Meintz, Andrew |date=June 24, 2021 |publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref> Versions 2.0 through 2.4 of the MCS connector used "hairpin" shaped contacts, but it was later changed to version 3.0 through 3.2, which returned to the triangular shape with larger pins and longer protective sheaths to prevent accidental contact.<ref name=Bohn-2022-04/>{{rp|3}}
A test of seven vehicle inlets and eleven connectors was held at the US [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]] (NREL) in September 2020. The prototype hardware represented designs from seven different manufacturers, and six additional manufacturers participated virtually. Criteria evaluated included fit/compatibility, ergonomics, and thermal performance.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.charinev.org/news/news-detail-2018/news/the-charin-path-to-megawatt-charging-mcs-successful-connector-test-event-at-nrel/ |title=The CharIN path to Megawatt Charging (MCS): Successful connector test event at NREL |date=2020-10-13 |access-date=2021-01-10 |quote=On September 23–24, 2020 … Fit and ergonomics evaluation of the MCS connector and inlet … At the facilities of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)}}.</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2020/nrel-hosted-event-supports-industry-development-megawatt-charging-system-connectors.html|title=NREL-Hosted Event Supports Industry Development of Megawatt Charging System Connectors|date=2020-10-12|access-date=2021-01-10|publisher=NREL|quote=Megawatt Charging System (MCS), a new charging standard for medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicles … enabled seven vehicle inlets and 11 charger connectors to test their designs together. … high-current nature of this system presents unique challenges to minimize cable length to improve efficiency and reduce thermal cooling … test matrix covering all connector and inlet combinations. … CharIN group has identified a list of priority requirements for a new high-power bidirectional charging system, including compatibility with up to 1,500 volts and 3,000 amps.}}</ref> Evaluations at maximum current (3000&nbsp;A) were conducted with cooling of both the inlet and the connector; for connector cooling only, current was limited to 1000&nbsp;A, and without cooling, current was limited to 350&nbsp;A.<ref name=Meintz2021>{{cite web |url=https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-06/elt204_meintz_2021_o_5-14_551pm_KF_TM_LS.pdf#page=20 |title=Charging INfrastructure Technologies: Development of a Multiport, >1 MW Charging System for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles |author=Meintz, Andrew |date=June 24, 2021 |publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref> Versions 2.0 through 2.4 of the MCS connector used "hairpin" shaped contacts, but it was later changed to version 3.0 through 3.2, which returned to the triangular shape with larger pins and longer protective sheaths to prevent accidental contact.<ref name=Bohn-2022-04/>{{rp|3}}


The task force had anticipated that a requirements and specification document would be published by the end of 2021.<ref name=MCS>{{cite web |url=https://www.charin.global/technology/mcs/ |title=Megawatt Charging System (MCS) |publisher=CharIN e.V. |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref> In August 2021, prototype connectors were tested at up to {{nowrap|3.75 megawatts}}.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2021/industry-experts-researchers-put-charging-systems-for-electric-trucks-to-test.html|title=Industry Experts, Researchers Put Charging Systems for Electric Trucks to the Test|date=2021-08-03|work=News|publisher=[[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]]|access-date=2021-10-11}}</ref> MCS connector version 3.2 was adopted in December 2021.<ref name=Bohn-2022-04/>{{rp|3}} CharIN intends to complete the specification document by 2024,<ref name=MCS-proto/> which is planned to be in a state that is ready to be adopted by ISO and IEC as a global standard.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.scania.com/group/en/home/newsroom/news/2022/megawatt-charging-in-sight.html |title=Megawatt charging in sight |date=July 7, 2022 |publisher=Scania |access-date=27 September 2022 |quote='To make things as easy as possible, MCS is based on a global agreement on technical specifications, with support of a large portion of the industry, where CharIN has been the perfect incubator delivering ready concept of MCS that now are handed over to become ISO and IEC standards,' says Johan Lindström, Technical Manager VCB Vehicle Technology, Scania.}}</ref> In preparation, [[SAE International]] began developing the draft MCS standards into the [[SAE J3271|J3271]] requirements in December 2021;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3271/ |title=Megawatt Charging System for Electric Vehicles: J3271 |date=December 15, 2021 |publisher=SAE International |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> in parallel, the [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] began developing standard [[IEC 63379|63379]] in Spring 2021.<ref>{{cite interview |url=https://www.dke.de/en/areas-of-work/mobility/news/megawatt-charging-system-electrification-heavy-duty-traffic |title=Megawatt Charging System: Standardization supports global electrification of heavy-duty traffic |subject=Bernd Horrmeyer |interviewer=Gürkan Balcioglu |date=December 2, 2021 |publisher=DKE Technology}}</ref>
The task force had anticipated that a requirements and specification document would be published by the end of 2021.<ref name=MCS>{{cite web |url=https://www.charin.global/technology/mcs/ |title=Megawatt Charging System (MCS) |publisher=CharIN e.V. |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref> In August 2021, prototype connectors were tested at up to {{nowrap|3.75 megawatts}}.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2021/industry-experts-researchers-put-charging-systems-for-electric-trucks-to-test.html|title=Industry Experts, Researchers Put Charging Systems for Electric Trucks to the Test|date=2021-08-03|work=News|publisher=[[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]]|access-date=2021-10-11}}</ref> MCS connector version 3.2 was adopted in December 2021.<ref name=Bohn-2022-04/>{{rp|3}} CharIN intends to complete the specification document by 2024,<ref name=MCS-proto/> which is planned to be in a state that is ready to be adopted by ISO and IEC as a global standard.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.scania.com/group/en/home/newsroom/news/2022/megawatt-charging-in-sight.html |title=Megawatt charging in sight |date=July 7, 2022 |publisher=Scania |access-date=27 September 2022 |quote='To make things as easy as possible, MCS is based on a global agreement on technical specifications, with support of a large portion of the industry, where CharIN has been the perfect incubator delivering ready concept of MCS that now are handed over to become ISO and IEC standards,' says Johan Lindström, Technical Manager VCB Vehicle Technology, Scania.}}</ref> In preparation, [[SAE International]] began developing the draft MCS standards into the [[SAE J3271|J3271]] requirements in December 2021;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3271/ |title=Megawatt Charging System for Electric Vehicles: J3271 |date=December 15, 2021 |publisher=SAE International |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> in parallel, the [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] began developing standard [[IEC 63379|63379]] in Spring 2021.<ref>{{cite interview |url=https://www.dke.de/en/areas-of-work/mobility/news/megawatt-charging-system-electrification-heavy-duty-traffic |title=Megawatt Charging System: Standardization supports global electrification of heavy-duty traffic |subject=Bernd Horrmeyer |interviewer=Gürkan Balcioglu |date=December 2, 2021 |publisher=DKE Technology}}</ref>


The final standard is expected to be resolved in 2024.<ref name="kane2022">{{cite web|url=https://insideevs.com/news/592360/megawatt-charging-system-mcs-launch/|title=CharIN Officially Launches The Megawatt Charging System (MCS)|publisher=Inside EV|author=Mark Kane|date=2022-06-15}}</ref> {{citation needed span |text=There is an open point in testing interference immunity of the [[Power-line communication|PLC]] connection, otherwise the communication would need to switch to a [[Controller Area Network|CAN]] connection on the same pilot pins. |date=April 2023}} Additionally the protocol on the PLC connection should support TCP/IP, so that [[ISO 15118]] services have a direct connection to the vehicle electronics (Vehicle-To-Grid, Plug-N-Charge).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.charin.global/media/pages/technology/knowledge-base/c708ba3361-1670238823/whitepaper_megawatt_charging_system_1.0.pdf|title=CharIN Whitepaper Megawatt Charging System (MCS) - Recommendations and requirements for MCS related standards bodies and solution suppliers - Version 1.0|date=2022-11-24|publisher=CharIN|language=en}}</ref>
The final standard is expected to be resolved in 2024.<ref name="kane2022">{{cite web |author=Kane |first=Mark |date=2022-06-15 |title=CharIN Officially Launches The Megawatt Charging System (MCS) |url=https://insideevs.com/news/592360/megawatt-charging-system-mcs-launch/ |publisher=Inside EV}}</ref> {{citation needed span |text=There is an open point in testing interference immunity of the [[Power-line communication|PLC]] connection, otherwise the communication would need to switch to a [[Controller Area Network|CAN]] connection on the same pilot pins. |date=April 2023}} Additionally the protocol on the PLC connection should support [[Internet protocol suite|TCP/IP]], so that [[ISO 15118]] services have a direct connection to the vehicle electronics (Vehicle-To-Grid, Plug-N-Charge).<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-11-24 |title=CharIN Whitepaper Megawatt Charging System (MCS) – Recommendations and requirements for MCS related standards bodies and solution suppliers – Version 1.0 |url=https://www.charin.global/media/pages/technology/knowledge-base/c708ba3361-1670238823/whitepaper_megawatt_charging_system_1.0.pdf |publisher=CharIN |language=en}}</ref>


===Specific implementations===
===Specific implementations===
[[Lilium GmbH]] announced in October 2021 that forthcoming [[VTOL]] [[Lilium Jet]]s would be fitted with MCS for charging.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://new.abb.com/news/detail/83430/abb-and-lilium-team-to-revolutionize-charging-infrastructure-for-regional-air-travel|title=ABB and Lilium team to revolutionize charging infrastructure for regional air travel|date=2021-10-13|publisher=ABB}}</ref> Charging stations with MCS connectors will be delivered by ABB in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://transportup.com/headlines-breaking-news/vehicles-manufactures/lilium-partners-with-abb-for-charging-infrastructure/|title=Lilium Partners with ABB for Charging Infrastructure|date=2022-02-22|publisher=Transport UP}}</ref> ABB charging stations have been operated at interoperability testing events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CharIN Launches Megawatt Charging System (MCS) In North America |url=https://insideevs.com/news/617089/charin-megawatt-charging-system-north-america/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=InsideEVs |language=en}}</ref>
[[Lilium GmbH]] announced in October 2021 that forthcoming [[VTOL]] [[Lilium Jet]]s would be fitted with MCS for charging.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://new.abb.com/news/detail/83430/abb-and-lilium-team-to-revolutionize-charging-infrastructure-for-regional-air-travel|title=ABB and Lilium team to revolutionize charging infrastructure for regional air travel|date=2021-10-13|publisher=ABB}}</ref> Charging stations with MCS connectors will be delivered by [[ABB]] in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://transportup.com/headlines-breaking-news/vehicles-manufactures/lilium-partners-with-abb-for-charging-infrastructure/|title=Lilium Partners with ABB for Charging Infrastructure|date=2022-02-22|publisher=Transport UP}}</ref> ABB charging stations have been operated at interoperability testing events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CharIN Launches Megawatt Charging System (MCS) In North America |url=https://insideevs.com/news/617089/charin-megawatt-charging-system-north-america/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=InsideEVs |language=en}}</ref>

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Three truck charging stations using a pre-standardized version of MCS will be built and operated in the Swedish project E-Charge. The chargers will be installed on three different locations in southern Sweden and will be used by four authentic logistics flows during a year's time starting in Q1 2024. The electric trucks will be provided by [[Scania AB|Scania]] and [[Volvo Trucks|Volvo]] while the chargers will be provided by ABB.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lindholmen.se/en/project/e-charge | title=E-Charge &#124; Lindholmen Science Park }}</ref>

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The German national project „{{lang|de|Hochleistungsladen im Lkw-Fernverkehr}}“, commonly referred to as the HoLa project (from German {{lang|de|Hochleistungs-Ladepark}}, literally ''high capacity charging park'' for the charging sites),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hochleistungsladen-lkw.de/hola-en/project/ |title=HoLa – High performance charging for long-haul trucking |publisher=Hochleistungsladen Lkw-Fernverkehr |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> will build four new truck charging stations along the [[Bundesautobahn 2|Autobahn A2]] from Berlin, Germany to Duisburg, Germany. Each station will be equipped initially with two 600&nbsp;kW stations starting in June 2022, and will be upgraded to 1 Megawatt using MCS in fall 2023. The chargers will be built by Heliox.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://magcars.news/heliox-from-coarse-to-fine-adjustment-of-the-megawatt-charge|title=Heliox: From coarse to fine adjustment of the megawatt charge|date=2021-10-16}}</ref>

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The [[German Association of the Automotive Industry]] (VDA) published the "Masterplan Ladeinfrastruktur 2.0" in February 2022 in which they proposed to extend the [[Deutschlandnetz]] state-funded charging network into a "{{lang|de|Deutschlandnetz für Lkw}}" (national fast-charging network for trucks). Whereas the current plan requires 200&nbsp;kW per charging point using CCS, the next phase will require 700&nbsp;kW per charging point using MCS.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.vda.de/vda/de/presse/Pressemeldungen/220311_PM_ladeinfrastruktur-vda-ver-ffentlicht-umfassende-empfehlungen |title=Aufbau E-Ladenetz für Nutzfahrzeuge fokussieren – 5 Mrd. Booster-Förderung bis 2025|date=2022-03-11|publisher=VDA - Verband der deutschen Automobilindustrie}}</ref>


⚫
In January 2023 an early [[Tesla Semi]] was spotted with version 2 of the MCS charging port.<ref>{{Cite web |last=u/wroniec498 |date=2023-01-26 |title=Tesla Semi charging port (mcs2) |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/teslamotors/comments/10ltamq/tesla_semi_charging_port_mcs2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126200821/https://www.reddit.com/r/teslamotors/comments/10ltamq/tesla_semi_charging_port_mcs2/ |archive-date=2023-01-26 |website=Reddit}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Tesla Megacharger! Visiting A DCFC Location With Over 100 EV Chargers. Welcome To Baker, CA | date=28 July 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aka6YgZvXEg |access-date=2023-07-30 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
Three truck charging stations utilizing a pre-standardized version of MCS will be built and operated in the Swedish project E-Charge. The chargers will be installed on three different locations in southern Sweden and will be utilized by four authentic logistics flows during a year's time starting in Q1 2024. The electric trucks will be provided by [[Scania AB|Scania]] and [[Volvo Trucks|Volvo]] while the chargers will be provided by [[ABB]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lindholmen.se/en/project/e-charge | title=E-Charge &#124; Lindholmen Science Park }}</ref>


Kempower will deliver the first MCS chargers in late 2024 to a site in Sweden<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kempower and Virta to deliver megawatt charging system for electric cars and trucks to Hedin Supercharge’s public charging hub in Linköping, Sweden |url=https://kempower.com/news/kempower-and-virta-deliver-megawatt-charging-capability/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Kempower |language=en-GB}}</ref>
⚫
The German national project „{{lang|de|Hochleistungsladen im Lkw-Fernverkehr}}“, commonly referred to as the HoLa project (from German {{lang|de|Hochleistungs-Ladepark}}, literally ''high capacity charging park'' for the charging sites),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hochleistungsladen-lkw.de/hola-en/project/ |title=HoLa – High performance charging for long-haul trucking |publisher=Hochleistungsladen Lkw-Fernverkehr |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> will build four new truck charging stations along the [[Bundesautobahn 2|Autobahn A2]] from Berlin to Duisburg. Each station will be equipped initially with two 600&nbsp;kW stations starting in June 2022, and will be upgraded to 1 Megawatt using MCS in fall 2023. The chargers will be built by Heliox.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://magcars.news/heliox-from-coarse-to-fine-adjustment-of-the-megawatt-charge|title=Heliox: From coarse to fine adjustment of the megawatt charge|date=2021-10-16}}</ref>


ABB will deliver charging stations with 1200 kW in 2025 which will be used in the pilot projects as planned in 2024.<ref>{{Youtube|Ui57rL_7r9w|ABB E-mobility stellt neuen HPC A400 vor: Kommt jetzt das wahre "LADEVERGNÜGEN"|time=960}} 2024-06-22</ref>
⚫
The [[German Association of the Automotive Industry]] (VDA) published the "Masterplan Ladeinfrastruktur 2.0" in February 2022 in which they proposed to extend the [[Deutschlandnetz]] state-funded charging network into a "{{lang|de|Deutschlandnetz für Lkw}}" (national fast-charging network for trucks). Whereas the current plan requires 200&nbsp;kW per charging point using CCS, the next phase will require 700&nbsp;kW per charging point using MCS.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.vda.de/vda/de/presse/Pressemeldungen/220311_PM_ladeinfrastruktur-vda-ver-ffentlicht-umfassende-empfehlungen |title=Aufbau E-Ladenetz für Nutzfahrzeuge fokussieren – 5 Mrd. Booster-Förderung bis 2025|date=2022-03-11|publisher=VDA - Verband der deutschen Automobilindustrie}}</ref>


Pilot projects started in 2024. In March, an MAN eTruck was charged with 1000 A at 700 kW at an ABB charging station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://press.mantruckandbus.com/corporate/de/abb-e-mobility-und-man-demonstrieren-erstmals-megawatt-charging-am-etruck/|title=ABB E-mobility und MAN demonstrieren erstmals Megawatt-Charging am eTruck|publisher=MAN Trucks & Bus|date=2024-03-21|work=Pressemitteilung}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.electrive.net/2024/03/22/megawattladen-man-etruck-zieht-sich-700-kw-an-mcs-prototypgeraet-von-abb/|title=Megawattladen: MAN eTruck zieht sich 700 kW an MCS-Prototypgerät von ABB|publisher=Electrive|date=2024-03-22|author=Cora Werwitzke}}</ref> In April, a Mercedes-Benz eActross 600was charged with 1250 A at 1000 kW at an ABB charging station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.electrive.net/2024/04/22/lade-demonstration-mercedes-benz-eactros-600-zieht-sich-ein-megawatt/|title=Lade-Demonstration: Mercedes-Benz eActros 600 zieht sich ein Megawatt|publisher=Electrive|author=Cora Werwitzke|date=2024-04-22}}</ref> In April, two eActross were delivered to the test client Contargo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.electrive.net/2024/04/18/mercedes-eactros-600-startet-in-die-kundenerprobung/|title=Mercedes eActros 600 startet in die Kundenerprobung|publisher=Electrive|date=2024-04-18|author=Sebastian Schaal}}</ref> Contargo had announced to build its own network of truck fast chargers, specifically at its company sites in Duisburg, Voerde-Emmelsum, Emmerich, Frankfurt-Ost, Industriepark Frankfurt-Höchst, Gustavsburg, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Koblenz, Ludwigshafen, Mannheim, Neuss, Weil am Rhein and Wörth.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.electrive.net/2023/02/09/contargo-laesst-privates-ladenetz-fuer-33-e-lkw-bauen/|title=Contargo lässt privates Ladenetz für 33 E-Lkw bauen|publisher=Electrive|date=2023-02-09|author=Cora Werwitzke}}</ref> In June, Milence openend its first truck charging park in the port of Antwerpen-Brügge, not including an MCS plug however.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.verkehrsrundschau.de/nachrichten/nfz-fuhrpark/ladeinfrastruktur-milence-eroeffnet-ladepark-in-antwerpen-3523104|title=Ladeinfrastruktur: Milence eröffnet Ladepark in Antwerpen|publisher=Verkehrsrundschaue|author=Thomas Burger|date=2024-06-13}}</ref> In June, Shell opened a public truck fast charger with CCS and MCS at its ETCA campus in Amsterdam.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.electrive.com/2024/06/20/shell-to-launch-megawatt-charging-system-for-trucks-and-ships/|title=Shell to launch megawatt charging system for trucks and ships|publisher=Electrive|date=2024-06-20|author=Chris Rendal}}</ref> In July, E.On and MAN announced that they would set up publicly available fast chargers for trucks at MAN service centers by the end of 2025, with the first going into operation in 2024. 125 of the 170 locations are in Germany, the others in Austria, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Here, too, they are starting with 400 kW CCS planning to convert to MCS later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.electrive.net/2024/07/11/e-on-und-man-bauen-400-lkw-schnellladepunkte/|title=E.On und MAN bauen 400 Lkw-Schnellladepunkte|publisher=Electrive|author=Sebastian Schaal|date=2024-07-11}}</ref>
⚫
In January 2023 an early [[Tesla Semi]] was spotted with version 2 of the MCS charging port.<ref>{{Cite web |last=u/wroniec498 |date=2023-01-26 |title=Tesla Semi charging port (mcs2) |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/teslamotors/comments/10ltamq/tesla_semi_charging_port_mcs2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126200821/https://www.reddit.com/r/teslamotors/comments/10ltamq/tesla_semi_charging_port_mcs2/ |archive-date=2023-01-26 |website=Reddit}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Tesla Megacharger! Visiting A DCFC Location With Over 100 EV Chargers. Welcome To Baker, CA |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aka6YgZvXEg |access-date=2023-07-30 |language=en}}</ref>


==Design requirements==
==Design requirements==
Line 69: Line 75:
* Single conductive plug
* Single conductive plug
* Maximum of 1250&nbsp;V DC and 3000&nbsp;A<ref name=NREL-2021/>
* Maximum of 1250&nbsp;V DC and 3000&nbsp;A<ref name=NREL-2021/>
* Differential PLC<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paulraj |first=Pon |title=Megawatt Charging System Communication (MCS) Communication Topology {{!}} What changes on PLC, ISO 15118 and SLAC |url=https://www.emobilitysimplified.com/2022/12/mcs-communication-protocols-plc-iso15118-slac.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=E-Mobility Simplified {{!}} Basics of Electric Vehicles and Charging}}</ref> + [[ISO 15118|ISO/IEC 15118]] - 20 (ISO&nbsp;15118-20 Communication Protocols allows bi-directional energy flow for [[vehicle-to-grid]] (V2G), Smart Charging, Encrypted Communication, Plug ‘n Charge, Automated Charging)
* Differential PLC<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paulraj |first=Pon |title=Megawatt Charging System Communication (MCS) Communication Topology {{!}} What changes on PLC, ISO 15118 and SLAC |url=https://www.emobilitysimplified.com/2022/12/mcs-communication-protocols-plc-iso15118-slac.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=E-Mobility Simplified {{!}} Basics of Electric Vehicles and Charging}}</ref> + [[ISO 15118|ISO/IEC 15118]] – 20 (ISO&nbsp;15118-20 Communication Protocols allows bi-directional energy flow for [[vehicle-to-grid]] (V2G), Smart Charging, Encrypted Communication, Plug ‘n Charge, Automated Charging)
* Touch Safe (UL2251)
* Touch Safe (UL2251)
* On-handle software-interpreted override switch
* On-handle software-interpreted override switch
Line 80: Line 86:
* [[Vehicle-to-everything|V2X]] (bi-directional) based on ISO15118-20
* [[Vehicle-to-everything|V2X]] (bi-directional) based on ISO15118-20


MCS is intended for [[Truck classification#United States|Class 6, 7, and 8]] commercial vehicles, initially with a primarily focus on large trucks and busses, but potential MCS applications to the Aeronautics industry (e-VTOL, e-Planes, etc...) and Marine Industry (Tug-boats, e-Ferries, River Cargo vessels, etc...) exist. For road vehicles, the vehicle inlet should be placed on the driver's side of the vehicle (left side in North America), between the front and rear axles.<ref name="HPCCV2">{{cite web |last=Truemner |first=Russell |date=2019-02-18 |title=Task Force Aggregated Requirements |url=https://www.charinev.org/fileadmin/HPCCV/High_Power_Commercial_Vehicle_Charging_Requirements_v2.0.pdf |url-status=dead |series=CharIN High Power Commercial Vehicle Charging |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710213141/https://www.charinev.org/fileadmin/HPCCV/High_Power_Commercial_Vehicle_Charging_Requirements_v2.0.pdf |archive-date=July 10, 2019 |access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref>{{rp|17}}
MCS is intended for [[Truck classification#United States|Class 6, 7, and 8]] commercial vehicles, initially with a primary focus on large trucks and busses, but potential MCS applications to the Aeronautics industry ([[EVTOL|e-VTOL]], e-Planes, etc...) and Marine Industry (Tug-boats, e-Ferries, River Cargo vessels, etc...) exist. For road vehicles, the vehicle inlet should be placed on the driver's side of the vehicle (left side in North America), between the front and rear axles.<ref name="HPCCV2">{{cite web |last=Truemner |first=Russell |date=2019-02-18 |title=Task Force Aggregated Requirements |url=https://www.charinev.org/fileadmin/HPCCV/High_Power_Commercial_Vehicle_Charging_Requirements_v2.0.pdf |url-status=dead |series=CharIN High Power Commercial Vehicle Charging |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710213141/https://www.charinev.org/fileadmin/HPCCV/High_Power_Commercial_Vehicle_Charging_Requirements_v2.0.pdf |archive-date=July 10, 2019 |access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref>{{rp|17}}


A CCS Combo 1/Combo 2/[[SAE J3068]] or [[CHAdeMO#CHAdeMO 3.0: ChaoJi|ChaoJi]] inlet may also be fitted to the vehicle for compatibility and AC charging. [[Black & Veatch]] have designed prototype layout requirements for vehicle charging lanes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.charin.global/media/pages/technology/mcs/34354a12b7-1626079602/charin-layout-5.5.21-revised.pdf |title=Black & Veatch Layouts for MCS Working Group |date=May 5, 2021 |author=Pollom, Russell E. |publisher=Charging Interface Inititative (CharIN) Megawatt Charging System Task Force |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref>
A CCS Combo 1/Combo 2/[[SAE J3068]] or [[CHAdeMO#CHAdeMO 3.0: ChaoJi|ChaoJi]] inlet may also be fitted to the vehicle for compatibility and AC charging. [[Black & Veatch]] have designed prototype layout requirements for vehicle charging lanes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.charin.global/media/pages/technology/mcs/34354a12b7-1626079602/charin-layout-5.5.21-revised.pdf |title=Black & Veatch Layouts for MCS Working Group |date=May 5, 2021 |author=Pollom, Russell E. |publisher=Charging Interface Inititative (CharIN) Megawatt Charging System Task Force |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref>
Line 93: Line 99:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zV66yGSx9UQ&t=1h33m32s|title=CharIN Tuesday GLOBAL - Part 2 - 08.12.2020|date=2020-12-08|publisher=CharIN|via=Youtube|first1=Rustam|last1=Kocher|first2=Dino|last2=Sasaridis|first3=Kevin|last3=Leary|first4=Andrew|last4=Meintz|first5=Paul|last5=Stith}}
* {{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zV66yGSx9UQ&t=1h33m32s |title=CharIN Tuesday GLOBAL – Part 2 |date=2020-12-08 |publisher=CharIN |via=Youtube |first1=Rustam |last1=Kocher |first2=Dino |last2=Sasaridis |first3=Kevin |last3=Leary |first4=Andrew |last4=Meintz |first5=Paul |last5=Stith}}
* {{cite video|title=Multi-Port, 1+MW Charging System for Medium- & Heavy-Duty EVs|publisher=Louisiana Clean Fuels|date=2020-09-16|access-date=2021-01-10|series=Transportation Electrification for Utilities|first1=Theodore|last1=Bohn|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQ-50LKGiW0&t=10m20s|quote=}}
* {{cite video|title=Multi-Port, 1+MW Charging System for Medium- & Heavy-Duty EVs|publisher=Louisiana Clean Fuels|date=2020-09-16|access-date=2021-01-10|series=Transportation Electrification for Utilities|first1=Theodore|last1=Bohn|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQ-50LKGiW0&t=10m20s|quote=}}
* "CharIN – Empowering the next level of e-mobility". ''www.charin.global''. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
*https://www.charin.global/


{{Electric vehicles}}
{{Electric vehicles}}

Latest revision as of 15:06, 22 November 2024

Megawatt Charging System connector
Prototype v3.2 MCS connector; there are two primary power (DC) pins, four communications/detection (C) pins, and one protective earth (PE) pin.
Type Electric vehicle charging
Production history
Designer MCS (former HPCCV) working group, CharIN
Designed 2020‒2022
Produced 2023 (planned)[citation needed]
General specifications
Pins 7[1]
Connector MCS[1]
Electrical
Signal DC
Earth Dedicated pin
Max. voltage 1,250 V[2]
Max. current 3,000 A[2]
Data
Data signal ISO 15118-20

The Megawatt Charging System (MCS) is a charging connector under development for large battery electric vehicles. The connector will be rated for charging at a maximum rate of 3.75 megawatts (3,000 amps at 1,250 volts direct current (DC)).

The MCS connector is being advanced by the CharIN organization, with aspirations that it become a worldwide standard charging connector for large and medium commercial vehicles.[3]

History

[edit]

A Charging Interface Initiative e.V. (CharIN) task force was formed by industry actors in March 2018, with the purpose to "define a new commercial vehicle high power charging standard to maximize customer flexibility."[3] CharIN had previously developed the Combined Charging System (CCS) specification. From early 2018 until late 2019, the abbreviation HPCCV (High Power Charging for Commercial Vehicles) was used, following the name of the CharIN consortium taskforce. The purpose statement was later revised to "work out requirements for a new commercial vehicle high power charging solution to maximize customer flexibility when using fully electric commercial vehicles. The scope of the technical recommendation is to be limited to the connector, and any related requirements for the EVSE, the vehicle, communication, and related hardware."[4]

The HPCCV held a meeting in September 2018 to build consensus on proposed requirements, and the CharIN Board of Management approved a set of consensus requirements in November 2018.[3] Five companies submitted candidate designs to meet the requirements: Tesla, Electrify America, ABB, paXos, and Stäubli.[5] HPCCV selected a charging plug and socket design in May 2019, which was endorsed by CharIN leadership in September 2019.[3] The version 1.0 HPCCV connector had a triangular shape and round power pins, but the design required further development as it was not finger-proof (safe from accidental contact with the power pins).[6]

Approximate drawing of previous version 2 draft outlet; DC± would have been carried via two "tuning fork" contacts

A test of seven vehicle inlets and eleven connectors was held at the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in September 2020. The prototype hardware represented designs from seven different manufacturers, and six additional manufacturers participated virtually. Criteria evaluated included fit/compatibility, ergonomics, and thermal performance.[7][8] Evaluations at maximum current (3000 A) were conducted with cooling of both the inlet and the connector; for connector cooling only, current was limited to 1000 A, and without cooling, current was limited to 350 A.[9] Versions 2.0 through 2.4 of the MCS connector used "hairpin" shaped contacts, but it was later changed to version 3.0 through 3.2, which returned to the triangular shape with larger pins and longer protective sheaths to prevent accidental contact.[6]: 3 

The task force had anticipated that a requirements and specification document would be published by the end of 2021.[4] In August 2021, prototype connectors were tested at up to 3.75 megawatts.[10] MCS connector version 3.2 was adopted in December 2021.[6]: 3  CharIN intends to complete the specification document by 2024,[1] which is planned to be in a state that is ready to be adopted by ISO and IEC as a global standard.[11] In preparation, SAE International began developing the draft MCS standards into the J3271 requirements in December 2021;[12] in parallel, the IEC began developing standard 63379 in Spring 2021.[13]

The final standard is expected to be resolved in 2024.[14] There is an open point in testing interference immunity of the PLC connection, otherwise the communication would need to switch to a CAN connection on the same pilot pins.[citation needed] Additionally the protocol on the PLC connection should support TCP/IP, so that ISO 15118 services have a direct connection to the vehicle electronics (Vehicle-To-Grid, Plug-N-Charge).[15]

Specific implementations

[edit]

Lilium GmbH announced in October 2021 that forthcoming VTOL Lilium Jets would be fitted with MCS for charging.[16] Charging stations with MCS connectors will be delivered by ABB in 2024.[17] ABB charging stations have been operated at interoperability testing events.[18]

Three truck charging stations using a pre-standardized version of MCS will be built and operated in the Swedish project E-Charge. The chargers will be installed on three different locations in southern Sweden and will be used by four authentic logistics flows during a year's time starting in Q1 2024. The electric trucks will be provided by Scania and Volvo while the chargers will be provided by ABB.[19]

The German national project „Hochleistungsladen im Lkw-Fernverkehr“, commonly referred to as the HoLa project (from German Hochleistungs-Ladepark, literally high capacity charging park for the charging sites),[20] will build four new truck charging stations along the Autobahn A2 from Berlin, Germany to Duisburg, Germany. Each station will be equipped initially with two 600 kW stations starting in June 2022, and will be upgraded to 1 Megawatt using MCS in fall 2023. The chargers will be built by Heliox.[21]

The German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) published the "Masterplan Ladeinfrastruktur 2.0" in February 2022 in which they proposed to extend the Deutschlandnetz state-funded charging network into a "Deutschlandnetz für Lkw" (national fast-charging network for trucks). Whereas the current plan requires 200 kW per charging point using CCS, the next phase will require 700 kW per charging point using MCS.[22]

In January 2023 an early Tesla Semi was spotted with version 2 of the MCS charging port.[23][24]

Kempower will deliver the first MCS chargers in late 2024 to a site in Sweden[25]

ABB will deliver charging stations with 1200 kW in 2025 which will be used in the pilot projects as planned in 2024.[26]

Pilot projects started in 2024. In March, an MAN eTruck was charged with 1000 A at 700 kW at an ABB charging station.[27][28] In April, a Mercedes-Benz eActross 600was charged with 1250 A at 1000 kW at an ABB charging station.[29] In April, two eActross were delivered to the test client Contargo.[30] Contargo had announced to build its own network of truck fast chargers, specifically at its company sites in Duisburg, Voerde-Emmelsum, Emmerich, Frankfurt-Ost, Industriepark Frankfurt-Höchst, Gustavsburg, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Koblenz, Ludwigshafen, Mannheim, Neuss, Weil am Rhein and Wörth.[31] In June, Milence openend its first truck charging park in the port of Antwerpen-Brügge, not including an MCS plug however.[32] In June, Shell opened a public truck fast charger with CCS and MCS at its ETCA campus in Amsterdam.[33] In July, E.On and MAN announced that they would set up publicly available fast chargers for trucks at MAN service centers by the end of 2025, with the first going into operation in 2024. 125 of the 170 locations are in Germany, the others in Austria, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Here, too, they are starting with 400 kW CCS planning to convert to MCS later.[34]

Design requirements

[edit]

Key requirements include:[4]

  • Single conductive plug
  • Maximum of 1250 V DC and 3000 A[2]
  • Differential PLC[35] + ISO/IEC 15118 – 20 (ISO 15118-20 Communication Protocols allows bi-directional energy flow for vehicle-to-grid (V2G), Smart Charging, Encrypted Communication, Plug ‘n Charge, Automated Charging)
  • Touch Safe (UL2251)
  • On-handle software-interpreted override switch
  • Adherence to OSHA / ADA (or local equivalent) standards (dictates sizes using anthropometric data and masses using ergonomic data)
  • FCC Class A EMI (or local equivalent)
  • Located on driver's side of the vehicle, hip height (ergonomics)
  • Capable of being automated
  • UL / NRTL certified
  • Cyber-Secure
  • V2X (bi-directional) based on ISO15118-20

MCS is intended for Class 6, 7, and 8 commercial vehicles, initially with a primary focus on large trucks and busses, but potential MCS applications to the Aeronautics industry (e-VTOL, e-Planes, etc...) and Marine Industry (Tug-boats, e-Ferries, River Cargo vessels, etc...) exist. For road vehicles, the vehicle inlet should be placed on the driver's side of the vehicle (left side in North America), between the front and rear axles.[36]: 17 

A CCS Combo 1/Combo 2/SAE J3068 or ChaoJi inlet may also be fitted to the vehicle for compatibility and AC charging. Black & Veatch have designed prototype layout requirements for vehicle charging lanes.[37]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "CharIN shows MW charging system commercial EVs". Electrive. June 14, 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022. The geometry of the charging plug, for example, was on display at the ABB eMobility stand. The design, long kept secret by CharIN, is triangular, with the tip pointing downwards. In the two upper corners are the (as expected) large receptacles for the two DC pins. The other, smaller pins for earthing and communication are placed in the middle and at the bottom. Since this is still a prototype, the final standard is not to be published until 2024, as mentioned above. CharIN says that the members of the organisation will present their respective products implementing MCS in the coming year. This means that the connector design should already be very close to the final specification.
  2. ^ a b c "Industry Experts, Researchs Put Charging Systems for Electric Trucks to the Test" (Press release). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. August 30, 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2022. Building on previous lessons learned, this year's event focused on expanded evaluation to consider more real-world cases for safety and durability within the [Megawatt Charging System] standard, which specifies compatibility with up to 1,250 volts and 3,000 amps.
  3. ^ a b c d "CharIN HPCCV Task Force: High Power Plug Update". CharIN. April 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "Megawatt Charging System (MCS)". CharIN e.V. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  5. ^ Kocher, Rustam (2019-06-11). "Standardization Task Force update" (PDF). CharIN High Power Commercial Vehicle Charging. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  6. ^ a b c Bohn, Theodore (April 12, 2022). "SAE J3271 Megawatt Charging System standard; part of MW+ multiport electric vehicle charging for everything that 'rolls, flies or floats'". EPRI Bus & Truck. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  7. ^ "The CharIN path to Megawatt Charging (MCS): Successful connector test event at NREL" (Press release). 2020-10-13. Retrieved 2021-01-10. On September 23–24, 2020 … Fit and ergonomics evaluation of the MCS connector and inlet … At the facilities of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
  8. ^ "NREL-Hosted Event Supports Industry Development of Megawatt Charging System Connectors" (Press release). NREL. 2020-10-12. Retrieved 2021-01-10. Megawatt Charging System (MCS), a new charging standard for medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicles … enabled seven vehicle inlets and 11 charger connectors to test their designs together. … high-current nature of this system presents unique challenges to minimize cable length to improve efficiency and reduce thermal cooling … test matrix covering all connector and inlet combinations. … CharIN group has identified a list of priority requirements for a new high-power bidirectional charging system, including compatibility with up to 1,500 volts and 3,000 amps.
  9. ^ Meintz, Andrew (June 24, 2021). "Charging INfrastructure Technologies: Development of a Multiport, >1 MW Charging System for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles" (PDF). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  10. ^ Industry Experts, Researchers Put Charging Systems for Electric Trucks to the Test. News (Report). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 2021-08-03. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
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