Umbrella man (JFK assassination): Difference between revisions
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==Speculation== |
==Speculation== |
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A person popularly dubbed the "umbrella man" has been the object of much speculation, as he was the only person seen carrying, and opening, an [[umbrella]] on that sunny day. He was also one of the closest bystanders to [[President of the United States|President]] [[John F. Kennedy]] when Kennedy was first struck by a bullet. As [[SS-100-X|Kennedy's limousine]] approached, the man opened up and lifted the umbrella high above his head, then spun or panned the umbrella from east to west (clockwise) as the president passed by him. In the aftermath of the assassination, the "umbrella man" sat down on the sidewalk next to another man ("Dark Complected Man") before getting up and walking towards the [[Texas School Book Depository]]. The fact that both of the men sat there so calmly after the shooting has raised suspicion. |
A person popularly dubbed the "umbrella man" has been the object of much speculation, as he was the only person seen carrying, and opening, an [[umbrella]] on that sunny day. He was also one of the closest bystanders to [[President of the United States|President]] [[John F. Kennedy]] when Kennedy was first struck by a bullet. As [[SS-100-X|Kennedy's limousine]] approached, the man opened up and lifted the umbrella high above his head, then spun or panned the umbrella from east to west (clockwise) as the president passed by him.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} |
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In the aftermath of the assassination, the "umbrella man" sat down on the sidewalk next to another man ("Dark Complected Man") before getting up and walking towards the [[Texas School Book Depository]]. The fact that both of the men sat there so calmly after the shooting has raised suspicion.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} |
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Early speculation came from assassination researchers [[Josiah Thompson]] and [[Richard Sprague]], who noticed the open umbrella in a series of photographs. Thompson and Sprague suggested that the "umbrella man" may have been acting as a signaler of some kind, opening his umbrella to signal "go ahead", and then raising it to communicate "fire a second round" to other gunmen.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/TUM.txt | title=The Umbrella System: Prelude to an Assassination | author=Richard E. Sprague and Robert Cutler | journal=[[Gallery (magazine)|Gallery Magazine]] | date=June 1978 | access-date=2013-12-04 | archive-date=2014-10-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015094907/http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/TUM.txt | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="mcadams">{{cite web |url=http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/prouty_tum.htm |title=The Umbrella Man Shooting Darts in Dealey Plaza |publisher=Mcadams.posc.mu.edu |date=1960-07-29 |access-date=2011-11-29 |archive-date=2011-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125061512/http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/prouty_tum.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The "umbrella man" is depicted as performing such a role in [[Oliver Stone]]'s film ''[[JFK (film)|JFK]]''<ref name="Jonsson">{{cite news |last=Jonsson |first=Patrik |date=November 22, 2013 |title=JFK assassination: Why suspicions still linger about 'Umbrella Man' |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/1122/JFK-assassination-Why-suspicions-still-linger-about-Umbrella-Man |newspaper=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |access-date=September 19, 2014 |archive-date=September 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920080404/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/1122/JFK-assassination-Why-suspicions-still-linger-about-Umbrella-Man |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[The X-Files]]'' episode "[[Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man]]."<ref name="Musings_of_a_Cigarette_Smoking_Man">{{cite episode| title=Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man | series=The X-Files | credits =[[Glen Morgan]] (director and writer) | network = [[Fox Home Entertainment]] | season = 4 | number = 7 }}</ref> |
Early speculation came from assassination researchers [[Josiah Thompson]] and [[Richard Sprague]], who noticed the open umbrella in a series of photographs. Thompson and Sprague suggested that the "umbrella man" may have been acting as a signaler of some kind, opening his umbrella to signal "go ahead", and then raising it to communicate "fire a second round" to other gunmen.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/TUM.txt | title=The Umbrella System: Prelude to an Assassination | author=Richard E. Sprague and Robert Cutler | journal=[[Gallery (magazine)|Gallery Magazine]] | date=June 1978 | access-date=2013-12-04 | archive-date=2014-10-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015094907/http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/TUM.txt | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="mcadams">{{cite web |url=http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/prouty_tum.htm |title=The Umbrella Man Shooting Darts in Dealey Plaza |publisher=Mcadams.posc.mu.edu |date=1960-07-29 |access-date=2011-11-29 |archive-date=2011-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125061512/http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/prouty_tum.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The "umbrella man" is depicted as performing such a role in [[Oliver Stone]]'s film ''[[JFK (film)|JFK]]''<ref name="Jonsson">{{cite news |last=Jonsson |first=Patrik |date=November 22, 2013 |title=JFK assassination: Why suspicions still linger about 'Umbrella Man' |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/1122/JFK-assassination-Why-suspicions-still-linger-about-Umbrella-Man |newspaper=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |access-date=September 19, 2014 |archive-date=September 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920080404/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/1122/JFK-assassination-Why-suspicions-still-linger-about-Umbrella-Man |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[The X-Files]]'' episode "[[Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man]]."<ref name="Musings_of_a_Cigarette_Smoking_Man">{{cite episode| title=Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man | series=The X-Files | credits =[[Glen Morgan]] (director and writer) | network = [[Fox Home Entertainment]] | season = 4 | number = 7 }}</ref> |
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==Identification== |
==Identification== |
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After an appeal to the public by the HSCA, Louie Steven Witt came forward in 1978 and claimed to be the "umbrella man".<ref name=hscahearings>{{cite web |url=http://history-matters.com/archive/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol4/html/HSCA_Vol4_0217a.htm |title=House select committee on assassinations testimony, September 25, 1978 |publisher=History-matters.com |access-date=2013-12-04 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030556/http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol4/html/HSCA_Vol4_0217a.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> He claimed to still have the umbrella and did not know he had been the subject of controversy. He said that he brought the umbrella simply to heckle Kennedy, whose father, [[Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.|Joseph]], had been a supporter of the Nazi-appeasing British Prime Minister [[Neville Chamberlain]]. By waving a black umbrella, Chamberlain's trademark fashion accessory, Witt said that he was protesting the Kennedy family appeasing [[Adolf Hitler]] before [[World War II]]. An umbrella had been used in cartoons in the 1930s to symbolize such appeasement, and Chamberlain often carried an umbrella.<ref name=hscahearings/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/umbrella.gif |title=Example of umbrella used in a 1930s appeasement cartoon |access-date=2011-11-29 |archive-date=2011-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103220709/http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/umbrella.gif |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/22/opinion/the-umbrella-man.html |title=The Umbrella Man' |work=New York Times |date=November 21, 2011 |access-date=2011-11-29 |archive-date=2011-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129013303/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/22/opinion/the-umbrella-man.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Kennedy, who wrote a thesis on appeasement while at [[Harvard University|Harvard]], ''[[Why England Slept]]'', might have recognized the symbolism of the umbrella. Black umbrellas had been used in connection with protests against the President before |
After an appeal to the public by the HSCA, Louie Steven Witt came forward in 1978 and claimed to be the "umbrella man".<ref name=hscahearings>{{cite web |url=http://history-matters.com/archive/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol4/html/HSCA_Vol4_0217a.htm |title=House select committee on assassinations testimony, September 25, 1978 |publisher=History-matters.com |access-date=2013-12-04 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030556/http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol4/html/HSCA_Vol4_0217a.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> He claimed to still have the umbrella and did not know he had been the subject of controversy. He said that he brought the umbrella simply to heckle Kennedy, whose father, [[Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.|Joseph]], had been a supporter of the Nazi-appeasing British Prime Minister [[Neville Chamberlain]]. By waving a black umbrella, Chamberlain's trademark fashion accessory, Witt said that he was protesting the Kennedy family appeasing [[Adolf Hitler]] before [[World War II]]. An umbrella had been used in cartoons in the 1930s to symbolize such appeasement, and Chamberlain often carried an umbrella.<ref name=hscahearings/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/umbrella.gif |title=Example of umbrella used in a 1930s appeasement cartoon |access-date=2011-11-29 |archive-date=2011-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103220709/http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/umbrella.gif |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/22/opinion/the-umbrella-man.html |title=The Umbrella Man' |work=New York Times |date=November 21, 2011 |access-date=2011-11-29 |archive-date=2011-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129013303/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/22/opinion/the-umbrella-man.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Kennedy, who wrote a thesis on appeasement while at [[Harvard University|Harvard]], ''[[Why England Slept]]'', might have recognized the symbolism of the umbrella. Black umbrellas had been used in connection with protests against the President before. At the time of the construction of the [[Berlin Wall]], a group of schoolchildren from [[Bonn]] sent the White House an umbrella labeled ''Chamberlain''.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Tusa | first1 = Ann | year = 1997 | title = The Last Division: A History of Berlin, 1945-1989 | publisher = [[Addison Wesley]] | page = 297 }}</ref> |
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Testifying before the HSCA, Witt said "I think if [[Guinness World Records|''The'' ''Guinness Book of World Records'']] had a category for people who were at the wrong place at the wrong time, doing the wrong thing, I would be No. 1 in that position, without even a close runner-up."<ref name=hscahearings/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gentry |first1=Margaret |title='Umbrella Man' Theory Destroyed |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pmdPAAAAIBAJ&pg=6975%2C3133954 |access-date=2016-03-16 |work=[[Times-News (Hendersonville, North Carolina)|The Times-News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=1978-09-26 |location=Hendersonville, N.C. |page=11}}</ref> |
Testifying before the HSCA, Witt said "I think if [[Guinness World Records|''The'' ''Guinness Book of World Records'']] had a category for people who were at the wrong place at the wrong time, doing the wrong thing, I would be No. 1 in that position, without even a close runner-up."<ref name=hscahearings/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gentry |first1=Margaret |title='Umbrella Man' Theory Destroyed |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pmdPAAAAIBAJ&pg=6975%2C3133954 |access-date=2016-03-16 |work=[[Times-News (Hendersonville, North Carolina)|The Times-News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=1978-09-26 |location=Hendersonville, N.C. |page=11}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 16:24, 22 November 2024
Umbrella man | |
|---|---|
 In the aftermath of the assassination, two men can be seen sitting together on the sidewalk on the right side of the photograph. The "umbrella man" is the one in the dark jacket, farthest to the right. | |
| Born | Louie Steven Witt October 20, 1924 |
| Died | November 17, 2014 (aged 90) |
| Occupation | Rio Grande National Life Insurance Company |
| Known for | Witness to John F. Kennedy's assassination |
The "umbrella man", later identified as Louie Steven Witt, is a figure who appears in several films and photographs of the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy. He was one of the closest bystanders when the President was first struck by a bullet, near the Stemmons Freeway sign within Dealey Plaza. The figure's behavior raised suspicion among investigators due to his maneuvering of an umbrella, as Kennedy was passing him, despite clear skies.
Louie Steven Witt came forward to the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations in 1978, identifying himself as the "umbrella man" in the footage. Witt said that he brought the umbrella that day to heckle Kennedy, as an indirect reference to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.'s support of Neville Chamberlain.
Speculation
[edit]A person popularly dubbed the "umbrella man" has been the object of much speculation, as he was the only person seen carrying, and opening, an umbrella on that sunny day. He was also one of the closest bystanders to President John F. Kennedy when Kennedy was first struck by a bullet. As Kennedy's limousine approached, the man opened up and lifted the umbrella high above his head, then spun or panned the umbrella from east to west (clockwise) as the president passed by him.[citation needed]
In the aftermath of the assassination, the "umbrella man" sat down on the sidewalk next to another man ("Dark Complected Man") before getting up and walking towards the Texas School Book Depository. The fact that both of the men sat there so calmly after the shooting has raised suspicion.[citation needed]
Early speculation came from assassination researchers Josiah Thompson and Richard Sprague, who noticed the open umbrella in a series of photographs. Thompson and Sprague suggested that the "umbrella man" may have been acting as a signaler of some kind, opening his umbrella to signal "go ahead", and then raising it to communicate "fire a second round" to other gunmen.[1][2] The "umbrella man" is depicted as performing such a role in Oliver Stone's film JFK[3] and The X-Files episode "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man."[4]
Another theory proposed by conspiracy theorist Robert B. Cutler and endorsed by Colonel L. Fletcher Prouty is that the umbrella may have been used to fire a dart with a paralyzing agent at Kennedy to immobilize his muscles and make him a "sitting duck" for an assassination.[2]
Journalist Penn Jones Jr was approached by someone who mentioned the name of Louie Steven Witt. When he was tracked down, he barely wanted to interact with journalists but offered to testify before the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA).[5] His statement of only holding up the umbrella did not reflect what he actually did at that moment, as he was moving the umbrella during the moment of shooting.
An idea speculated by the HSCA is that the umbrella may have been held as a symbol of protest regarding the U.S. government's failure to provide an "umbrella" of air support during the Bay of Pigs invasion.
Identification
[edit]After an appeal to the public by the HSCA, Louie Steven Witt came forward in 1978 and claimed to be the "umbrella man".[6] He claimed to still have the umbrella and did not know he had been the subject of controversy. He said that he brought the umbrella simply to heckle Kennedy, whose father, Joseph, had been a supporter of the Nazi-appeasing British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. By waving a black umbrella, Chamberlain's trademark fashion accessory, Witt said that he was protesting the Kennedy family appeasing Adolf Hitler before World War II. An umbrella had been used in cartoons in the 1930s to symbolize such appeasement, and Chamberlain often carried an umbrella.[6][7][8]
Kennedy, who wrote a thesis on appeasement while at Harvard, Why England Slept, might have recognized the symbolism of the umbrella. Black umbrellas had been used in connection with protests against the President before. At the time of the construction of the Berlin Wall, a group of schoolchildren from Bonn sent the White House an umbrella labeled Chamberlain.[9]
Testifying before the HSCA, Witt said "I think if The Guinness Book of World Records had a category for people who were at the wrong place at the wrong time, doing the wrong thing, I would be No. 1 in that position, without even a close runner-up."[6][10]
Witt died on November 17, 2014.[11]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Richard E. Sprague and Robert Cutler (June 1978). "The Umbrella System: Prelude to an Assassination". Gallery Magazine. Archived from the original on 2014-10-15. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
- ^ a b "The Umbrella Man Shooting Darts in Dealey Plaza". Mcadams.posc.mu.edu. 1960-07-29. Archived from the original on 2011-11-25. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
- ^ Jonsson, Patrik (November 22, 2013). "JFK assassination: Why suspicions still linger about 'Umbrella Man'". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
- ^ Glen Morgan (director and writer). "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man". The X-Files. Season 4. Episode 7. Fox Home Entertainment.
- ^ "Testimony of Louie Steven Witt" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ a b c "House select committee on assassinations testimony, September 25, 1978". History-matters.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
- ^ "Example of umbrella used in a 1930s appeasement cartoon". Archived from the original on 2011-11-03. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
- ^ "The Umbrella Man'". New York Times. November 21, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
- ^ Tusa, Ann (1997). The Last Division: A History of Berlin, 1945-1989. Addison Wesley. p. 297.
- ^ Gentry, Margaret (1978-09-26). "'Umbrella Man' Theory Destroyed". The Times-News. Hendersonville, N.C. Associated Press. p. 11. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
- ^ "Obituary". Archived from the original on 2015-04-08. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
External links
[edit]- The JFK 100: The Umbrella Man
- JFK Assassination Home Page: The Umbrella Man in Dealey Plaza
- JFK Assassination Home Page: The Umbrella Man Shooting Darts in Dealey Plaza
- Morris, Errol (November 21, 2011). "The Umbrella Man". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
- "The Umbrella Man: Assassination of JFK" (Video) – via YouTube.