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{{short description|Austronesian language spoken in Vietnam}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Roglai
|name=Roglai
|states=[[Vietnam]]
|states=
|region=[[Vietnam]]
|speakers={{sigfig|96,900|2}}
|region=
|speakers=97,000
|date=1999–2002
|date=1999–2002
|ref=e17
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Austronesian
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
|fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
|fam3=[[Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages|Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian]]
|fam3=[[Malayo-Sumbawan languages|Malayo-Sumbawan]] (?)
|fam4=[[Malayo-Sumbawan languages|Malayo-Sumbawan]]
|fam4=[[Chamic languages|Chamic]]
|fam5=Highlands
|fam5=[[Chamic languages|Chamic]]
|fam6=Highlands
|fam6=Northern Chamic
|script=[[Latin script|Latin]] (modified [[Vietnamese alphabet]])
|fam7=Northern Chamic
|minority=<!--[[Vietnam]]; please provide a source if this is indeed a recognized minority language of Vietnam-->
|nation=[[Vietnam]]
|lc1=roc|ld1=Cacgia
|lc1=roc|ld1=Cacgia
|lc2=rog|ld2=Northern
|lc2=rog|ld2=Northern
Line 25: Line 26:
}}
}}


The '''Roglai language''' is a [[Chamic language]] of southern [[Vietnam]]. There are four dialects (Cobbey 1977):
The '''Roglai language''' is a [[Chamic language]] of southern [[Vietnam]], spoken by the [[Raglai people]].


There are four Roglai dialects: Northern, Du Long, Southern, and Cac Gia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cobbey |first=Maxwell |first2=Vurnell |last2=Cobbey |date=1977 |url=http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/30994 |title=Suraq vungã sanãp Radlai / Nữ-vựng Rơglai / Northern Roglai vocabulary |location=Huntington Beach, CA |publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics}}</ref>
#Northern
#Du Long
#Southern
#Cac Gia


Their [[Endonym|autonym]] is ''Radlai'', which means "forest people."
Their [[Endonym|autonym]] is ''radlai'', which means "forest people".

==Phonology==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|{{IPA link|ɲ}}
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|{{IPA link|c}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|{{IPA link|ʔ}}
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d}}
|{{IPA link|ɟ}}
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
!<small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small>
|{{IPA link|pʰ}}
|{{IPA link|tʰ}}
|{{IPA link|cʰ}}
|{{IPA link|kʰ}}
|
|-
!<small>[[Breathy voice|breathy]]</small>
|{{IPA link|bʱ}}
|{{IPA link|dʱ}}
|{{IPA link|ɟʱ}}
|{{IPA link|ɡʱ}}
|
|-
!<small>[[Implosive consonant|implosive]]</small>
|{{IPA link|ɓ}}
|{{IPA link|ɗ}}
|{{IPA link|ʄ}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
|{{IPA link|s}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
|
|{{IPA link|r}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
|({{IPA link|w}})
|{{IPA link|l}}
|({{IPA link|j}})
|
|
|}

*

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|ĩ}}
|{{IPA link|ɨ}} {{IPA link|ɨ̃}}
|{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|ũ}}
|- align="center"
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|ẽ}}
|{{IPA link|ə}} {{IPA link|ə̃}}
|{{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|õ}}
|- align="center"
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|ã}}
|
|}

* Sounds /e, o/ may also have more open variants as [ɛ, ɔ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Ernest Wilson |title=Structure of Northern Roglai as a representative Chamic language |publisher=Bloomington: Indiana University |year=1966 |location=In Proto-Chamic Phonologic Word and Vocabulary |pages=21–69}}</ref>
* Glide sounds [j, w] may also occur as a result of vowel off-glides.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brunelle |first=Marc |title=Northern Raglai voicing and its relation to Southern Raglai register: evidence for early stages of registrogenesis |last2=Brown |first2=Jeanne |last3=Thu Hà |first3=Phạm Thị |year=2022 |location=In Phonetica 79, Vol 2 |pages=151–188}}</ref>

==Vocabulary==
Mainland Chamic, Aceh and Malay comparative table:
{| class="wikitable IPA" line-height:1.25em;"
!Lexeme
![[Proto-Chamic]]
![[Cham language|Western Cham]]
![[Cham language|Eastern Cham]]
!Roglai
![[Acehnese language|Aceh]]
![[Malay language|Malay]]
|-
|'''one'''
|*sa
|/sa ha/
|/tha/
|/sa/
|sa
|satu
|-
|'''seven'''
|*tujuh
|/taçuh/
|/taçŭh/
|/tijuh/
|tujôh
|tujuh
|-
|'''fire'''
|*ʔapuy
|/pui/
|/apuy/
|/apui/
|apui
|api
|-
|'''sky'''
|*laŋit
|/laŋiʔ/
|/laŋiʔ/ Lingik
|/laŋĩ꞉ʔ/
|langèt
|langit
|-
|'''rice (husked)'''
|*bra꞉s
|/prah/
|/prah-l/
|/bra/
|breueh
|beras
|-
|'''iron'''
|*bisεy
|/pasay/
|/pithăy/
|/pisǝy/
|beusoe
|besi
|-
|'''sugarcane'''
|*tabɔw-v
|/tapau/
|/tapăw/
|/tubəu/
|teubèe
|tebu
|-
|-
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* Cobbey, Maxwell and Vurnell Cobbey. 1977. Suraq vungã sanãp Radlai / Nữ-vựng Rơglai / Northern Roglai vocabulary. Huntington Beach, CA: Summer Institute of Linguistics.


{{Languages of Vietnam}}
{{Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages}}
{{Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages}}
{{Chamic languages}}
{{Chamic languages}}

Latest revision as of 22:52, 22 November 2024

Roglai
RegionVietnam
Native speakers
(97,000 cited 1999–2002)[1]
Austronesian
Latin (modified Vietnamese alphabet)
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
roc – Cacgia
rog – Northern
rgs – Southern
Glottologcacg1235  Cacgia Roglai
nort2994  Northern Roglai
sout3010  Southern Roglai

The Roglai language is a Chamic language of southern Vietnam, spoken by the Raglai people.

There are four Roglai dialects: Northern, Du Long, Southern, and Cac Gia.[2]

Their autonym is radlai, which means "forest people".

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive voiceless p t c k ʔ
voiced b d ɟ ɡ
aspirated pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ
breathy bʱ dʱ ɟʱ ɡʱ
implosive ɓ ɗ ʄ
Fricative s h
Rhotic r
Approximant (w) l (j)

Vowels

[edit]
Front Central Back
Close i ĩ ɨ ɨ̃ u ũ
Mid e ẽ ə ə̃ o õ
Open a ã
  • Sounds /e, o/ may also have more open variants as [ɛ, ɔ].[3]
  • Glide sounds [j, w] may also occur as a result of vowel off-glides.[4]

Vocabulary

[edit]

Mainland Chamic, Aceh and Malay comparative table:

Lexeme Proto-Chamic Western Cham Eastern Cham Roglai Aceh Malay
one *sa /sa ha/ /tha/ /sa/ sa satu
seven *tujuh /taçuh/ /taçŭh/ /tijuh/ tujôh tujuh
fire *ʔapuy /pui/ /apuy/ /apui/ apui api
sky *laŋit /laŋiʔ/ /laŋiʔ/ Lingik /laŋĩ꞉ʔ/ langèt langit
rice (husked) *bra꞉s /prah/ /prah-l/ /bra/ breueh beras
iron *bisεy /pasay/ /pithăy/ /pisǝy/ beusoe besi
sugarcane *tabɔw-v /tapau/ /tapăw/ /tubəu/ teubèe tebu

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cacgia at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Southern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Cobbey, Maxwell; Cobbey, Vurnell (1977). Suraq vungã sanãp Radlai / Nữ-vựng Rơglai / Northern Roglai vocabulary. Huntington Beach, CA: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  3. ^ Lee, Ernest Wilson (1966). Structure of Northern Roglai as a representative Chamic language. In Proto-Chamic Phonologic Word and Vocabulary: Bloomington: Indiana University. pp. 21–69.
  4. ^ Brunelle, Marc; Brown, Jeanne; Thu Hà, Phạm Thị (2022). Northern Raglai voicing and its relation to Southern Raglai register: evidence for early stages of registrogenesis. In Phonetica 79, Vol 2. pp. 151–188.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)


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