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{{Short description|Russian admiral (1809–1898)}}
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[[File:Василий Степанович Завойко.jpg|thumb|right|Vasily Zavoyko]]
{{Infobox military person
⚫
| name = Vasily Stepanovich Zavoyko
| image = Zavoiko VS 1860 cropped.jpg
| image_size = 250px
⚫
| caption = Vasily Zavoyko
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1809|07|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = Prokhorovka, [[Poltava Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1898|02|16|1809|07|15|df=y}}
| death_place = Mechetnaya, [[Podolia Governorate]], Russian Empire
| placeofburial =
| allegiance = {{flag|Russian Empire}}
| branch = {{navy|Russian Empire}}
| serviceyears = 1820–1890
| rank = [[Admiral]]
| unit =
| commands =
| battles =
{{tree list}}
* [[Greek War of Independence]]
** [[Battle of Navarino]]
* [[Crimean War]]
** [[Siege of Petropavlovsk]]
{{tree list/end}}
| awards = [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Order of the White Eagle]]<br />[[Order of St. George]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
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}}


'''Vasily Stepanovich Zavoyko''' ({{lang-ru|Василий Степанович Завойко}}; 1809-1898) was an [[admiral]] in the [[Russia]]n navy.<ref name=Brockhaus> [http://www.cultinfo.ru/fulltext/1/001/007/040/40550.htm Article ''Zavoyko''] in the [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]] {{ru icon}}</ref><ref name=BrockhausAdd> [http://www.cultinfo.ru/fulltext/1/001/007/040/40551.htm Article ''Zavoyko (addendum)''] in the [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]] {{ru icon}}</ref>
'''Vasily Stepanovich Zavoyko''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Василий Степанович Завойко}}; 5 July 1809 – 16 February 1898) was an [[admiral]] in the Russian navy.<ref name=Brockhaus>[http://www.cultinfo.ru/fulltext/1/001/007/040/40550.htm Article ''Zavoyko'']{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in the [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]] {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref name=BrockhausAdd>[http://www.cultinfo.ru/fulltext/1/001/007/040/40551.htm Article ''Zavoyko (addendum)'']{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in the [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
Born to a noble Ukrainian family of [[Poltava Governorate]],<ref name=Brockhaus/> in 1827 he took part in the [[Battle of Navarino]],<ref name=Brockhaus/> and in 1835-1838 he twice [[Circumnavigation|circumnavigated]] the Earth.<ref name=Brockhaus/>
Born to a noble Ukrainian family of a naval medic hailed from [[Poltava Governorate]],<ref name=Brockhaus/> in 1827 he took part in the [[Battle of Navarino]],<ref name=Brockhaus/> and in 1835-1838 he twice [[Circumnavigation|circumnavigated]] the Earth.<ref name=Brockhaus/>


In 1840 he became an employee of the [[Russian-American Company]] and soon became the manager of the [[Okhotsk]] port.<ref name=Brockhaus/> He deduced that the port was inconvenient for trade, as it was too far from the [[Lena River]] basin and advocated transfer of the Company port to [[Ayan (rural locality)|Ayan]]. During his exploration Zavoyko discovered the [[estuary]] of the [[Amur River]] (the exploration was later continued by [[Gennady Nevelskoy]], who proved that the [[Strait of Tartary]] was not a gulf, but indeed a strait, connected to [[Amur River|Amur]]'s estuary by [[Nevelskoy Strait]]). Zavoyko's reports about the potential importance of the river led to the 1846 expedition to study Amur and ultimately to the incorporation of the modern [[Primorsky Krai]] to Russia<ref name=Brockhaus/> (see [[Amur Annexation]]).
In 1840 he became an employee of the [[Russian-American Company]] and soon became the manager of the [[Okhotsk]] port.<ref name=Brockhaus/> He deduced that the port was inconvenient for trade, as it was too far from the [[Lena River]] basin and advocated transfer of the Company port to [[Ayan, Russia|Ayan]]. During his exploration Zavoyko discovered the [[estuary]] of the [[Amur River]] (the exploration was later continued by [[Gennady Nevelskoy]], who proved that the [[Strait of Tartary]] was not a gulf, but indeed a strait, connected to [[Amur River|Amur]]'s estuary by [[Nevelskoy Strait]]). Zavoyko's reports about the potential importance of the river led to the 1846 expedition to study Amur and ultimately to the incorporation of the modern [[Primorsky Krai]] to Russia<ref name=Brockhaus/> (see [[Amur Annexation]]).


In 1850, he was appointed governor of [[Kamchatka]] and the commander of the port of [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky|Petropavlovsk]].<ref name=Brockhaus/>
In 1850, he was appointed governor of [[Kamchatka]] and the commander of the port of [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky|Petropavlovsk]].<ref name=Brockhaus/>
Under Zavoyko's governorship, Kamchatka expanded to include a [[wharf]], [[foundry]], and a new army [[barracks]]. Zavoyko also encouraged agricultural expansion, urging each household to sustain itself with [[potato]] farming. These efforts, however, did little to improve the region's low economic and cultural standards. <ref name="kamchadal">{{cite web| last = Ivashchenko| first = Sergei| title = Kamchadal| publisher = KAMCHADAL International Sled Dog Race Inc.| date = 2003| url = http://www.kamchadal.com/Frame-5-kamchatkahistorypage5.html?refresh=1161662472561| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>
Under Zavoyko's governorship, Kamchatka expanded to include a [[wharf]], [[foundry]], and a new army [[barracks]]. Zavoyko also encouraged agricultural expansion, urging each household to sustain itself with potato farming. These efforts, however, did little to improve the region's low economic and cultural standards.<ref name="kamchadal">{{cite web| last = Ivashchenko| first = Sergei| title = Kamchadal| publisher = KAMCHADAL International Sled Dog Race Inc.| date = 2003| url = http://www.kamchadal.com/Frame-5-kamchatkahistorypage5.html?refresh=1161662472561| access-date = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>


In 1854, during the [[Crimean War]], Zavoyko led the successful defence against the [[Siege of Petropavlovsk]] by the allied [[United Kingdom|British]]-[[France|French]] troops commanded by Rear Admirals [[David Price (Royal Navy officer)|David Price]] and [[Auguste Febvrier Despointes]]. Zavoyko managed to repel the superior allied forces and even captured the British banner.<ref name=Brockhaus/>
In 1854, during the [[Crimean War]], Zavoyko led the successful defence against the [[Siege of Petropavlovsk]] by the allied British-French troops commanded by Rear Admirals [[David Price (Royal Navy officer)|David Price]] and [[Auguste Febvrier Despointes]]. Zavoyko managed to repel the superior allied forces and even captured the British banner.<ref name=Brockhaus/>


In the winter of 1855, Zavoyko was in charge of the transfer the main Russian Pacific naval base from Petropavlovsk to the Amur estuary. The fleet managed to make its way through despite the frozen seas and the superior enemy fleet awaiting them near the Amur inflow.<ref name=Brockhaus/> In two months sailors built the [[Nikolayevsk-on-Amur]] city that served as the base for the fleet.<ref name=Brockhaus/>
In the winter of 1855, Zavoyko was in charge of the transfer the main Russian Pacific naval base from Petropavlovsk to the Amur estuary. The fleet managed to make its way through despite the frozen seas and the superior enemy fleet awaiting them near the Amur inflow.<ref name=Brockhaus/> In two months sailors built the [[Nikolayevsk-on-Amur]] city that served as the base for the fleet.<ref name=Brockhaus/>
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In 1856, Zavoyko returned to [[Saint Petersburg]], where he served as the Naval ''General-Auditor''.<ref name=Brockhaus/>
In 1856, Zavoyko returned to [[Saint Petersburg]], where he served as the Naval ''General-Auditor''.<ref name=Brockhaus/>


He was married to Juliana Wrangell and had 11 children: five sons and six daughters.
He was married to Juliana Wrangell and had 11 children: five sons and six daughters. Zavoyko died in 1898. One daughter, Ekaterina Vasilievna, married [[Vasily Grinevetsky]] the professor of engineering at the [[Bauman_Moscow_State_Technical_University#History|Imperial Moscow Technical School]].

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[[File:Василий Степанович Завойко.jpg|thumb|center|Unknown painter work, 1874]]

== Awards and honours ==

* [[Order of Saint Anna]] "with a bow", 3rd class (1827)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Завойко Василий Степанович |url=https://duma.pkgo.ru/obshchie-svedeniya/pochetnye-grazhdane/pochetnye-grazhdane/zavoyko-vasiliy-stepanovich/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=duma.pkgo.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
* Silver medal "For the [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)|Turkish War]]"<ref name=":0" />
* [[Order of Saint Vladimir]] 4-й ст. (1836)<ref name=":0" />
* Order of Saint Anna, 2nd class (1846)<ref name=":0" />
* Order of Saint Anna, 2nd class "with the imperial crown" (1849)<ref name=":0" />
* [[Order of St. George]], 4th class (November 26, 1850)<ref name=":0" />
* [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Order of Saint Stanislaus]], 1st class (November 27, 1854)<ref name=":0" />
* Order of St. George, 3rd class (December 1, 1854)<ref name=":0" />
* Order of Saint Vladimir, 2nd class (December 12, 1855)<ref name=":0" />
* Order of Saint Anna "with swords", 1st class (May 1, 1864)<ref name=":0" />
* [[Order of the White Eagle (Russian Empire)|Order of the White Eagle]] (1884)<ref name=":0" />
* [[Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky]] (1890)<ref name=":0" />
* Bronze medal "In memory of the war of 1853-1856" on [[Ribbon of Saint George]]<ref name=":0" />
* The badge of distinction for the immaculate service of XXX years<ref name=":0" />
* Honorary Citizen of the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky<ref>Постановление администрации Петропавловск-Камчатского городского округа от 14.10.2010 г. № 2921</ref><ref name=":0" />


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| NAME = Zavoyko, Vasily
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Imperial Russian navy admiral
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1809
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1898
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zavoyko, Vasily}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zavoyko, Vasily}}
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[[Category:Imperial Russian explorers]]
[[Category:Ukrainian admirals]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian Navy admirals]]
[[Category:1809 births]]
[[Category:1809 births]]
[[Category:Russian people of Ukrainian descent]]
[[Category:1898 deaths]]
[[Category:1898 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Poltava Governorate]]
[[Category:People from Cherkasy Oblast]]
[[Category:19th-century explorers from the Russian Empire]]
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[[Category:Imperial Russian Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russian)]]

[[de:Wassili Stepanowitsch Sawoiko]]
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[[es:Vasily Zavoyko]]
[[fr:Vassili Zavoïko]]
[[it:Vasilij Stepanovič Zavojko]]
[[nl:Vasili Zavojko]]
[[ru:Завойко, Василий Степанович]]
[[uk:Завойко Василь Степанович]]

Latest revision as of 04:33, 23 November 2024

Vasily Stepanovich Zavoyko
Vasily Zavoyko
Born(1809-07-15)15 July 1809
Prokhorovka, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire
Died16 February 1898(1898-02-16) (aged 88)
Mechetnaya, Podolia Governorate, Russian Empire
Allegiance Russian Empire
Service / branch Imperial Russian Navy
Years of service1820–1890
RankAdmiral
Battles / wars
AwardsOrder of the White Eagle
Order of St. George

Vasily Stepanovich Zavoyko (Russian: Василий Степанович Завойко; 5 July 1809 – 16 February 1898) was an admiral in the Russian navy.[1][2] Born to a noble Ukrainian family of a naval medic hailed from Poltava Governorate,[1] in 1827 he took part in the Battle of Navarino,[1] and in 1835-1838 he twice circumnavigated the Earth.[1]

In 1840 he became an employee of the Russian-American Company and soon became the manager of the Okhotsk port.[1] He deduced that the port was inconvenient for trade, as it was too far from the Lena River basin and advocated transfer of the Company port to Ayan. During his exploration Zavoyko discovered the estuary of the Amur River (the exploration was later continued by Gennady Nevelskoy, who proved that the Strait of Tartary was not a gulf, but indeed a strait, connected to Amur's estuary by Nevelskoy Strait). Zavoyko's reports about the potential importance of the river led to the 1846 expedition to study Amur and ultimately to the incorporation of the modern Primorsky Krai to Russia[1] (see Amur Annexation).

In 1850, he was appointed governor of Kamchatka and the commander of the port of Petropavlovsk.[1] Under Zavoyko's governorship, Kamchatka expanded to include a wharf, foundry, and a new army barracks. Zavoyko also encouraged agricultural expansion, urging each household to sustain itself with potato farming. These efforts, however, did little to improve the region's low economic and cultural standards.[3]

In 1854, during the Crimean War, Zavoyko led the successful defence against the Siege of Petropavlovsk by the allied British-French troops commanded by Rear Admirals David Price and Auguste Febvrier Despointes. Zavoyko managed to repel the superior allied forces and even captured the British banner.[1]

In the winter of 1855, Zavoyko was in charge of the transfer the main Russian Pacific naval base from Petropavlovsk to the Amur estuary. The fleet managed to make its way through despite the frozen seas and the superior enemy fleet awaiting them near the Amur inflow.[1] In two months sailors built the Nikolayevsk-on-Amur city that served as the base for the fleet.[1]

In 1856, Zavoyko returned to Saint Petersburg, where he served as the Naval General-Auditor.[1]

He was married to Juliana Wrangell and had 11 children: five sons and six daughters. Zavoyko died in 1898. One daughter, Ekaterina Vasilievna, married Vasily Grinevetsky the professor of engineering at the Imperial Moscow Technical School.

Unknown painter work, 1874

Awards and honours

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Article Zavoyko[permanent dead link‍] in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian)
  2. ^ Article Zavoyko (addendum)[permanent dead link‍] in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian)
  3. ^ Ivashchenko, Sergei (2003). "Kamchadal". KAMCHADAL International Sled Dog Race Inc. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Завойко Василий Степанович". duma.pkgo.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  5. ^ Постановление администрации Петропавловск-Камчатского городского округа от 14.10.2010 г. № 2921
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