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{{pp|small=yes}}
{{currentrelated|date=November 2024}}

{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
|is_missile=yes
|is_missile=yes
|name=RS-26 Rubezh
|name=RS-26 Rubezh
|image=
|image=
|type= [[Intercontinental ballistic missile]]
|type= [[intermediate-range ballistic missile]]
|caption=
|caption=
|origin= Russia
|origin= Russia
Line 18: Line 17:
|engine_power=
|engine_power=
|weight= {{convert|80,000|lb|kg|order=flip}}
|weight= {{convert|80,000|lb|kg|order=flip}}
|payload=
{{convert|1763|lb|kg|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-x-31-rs-26-rubezh/
|title=RS-26 Rubezh|last=ARG|website=missilethreat.csis.org}}</ref>
|length=
|length=
|height=
|height=
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|wingspan=
|wingspan=
|speed=over {{convert|20|Mach|km/h mph km/s}}
|speed=over {{convert|20|Mach|km/h mph km/s}}
|vehicle_range= 5800 km demonstrated <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/missiles/rs26_rubezh.htm|title=RS-26 Rubezh Intercontinental Ballistic Missile - Military-Today.com|last=ARG|website=www.military-today.com}}</ref>
|vehicle_range= 5800 km demonstrated<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/missiles/rs26_rubezh.htm |title=RS-26 Rubezh Intercontinental Ballistic Missile |website=Military-Today.com |url-status=deviated |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170616200159/http://www.military-today.com/missiles/rs26_rubezh.htm |archive-date=16 June 2017}}</ref>
|ceiling=
|ceiling=
|altitude=Several tens of km
|altitude=Several tens of km
|filling= 4x each 150/300 Kt [[MIRV]], payload
|filling= 4x each 150/300 Kt [[MIRV]], payload
{{convert|1765|lb|kg|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-x-31-rs-26-rubezh/
{{convert|800|kg|lb}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-x-31-rs-26-rubezh/
|title=RS-26 Rubezh|last=ARG|website=missilethreat.csis.org}}</ref>
|title=Missile Defense Project, "RS-26 Rubezh," Missile Threat, Center for Strategic and International Studies|date=April 23, 2024|website=missilethreat.csis.org}}</ref>
|guidance=[[Inertial guidance system|Inertial]] with [[GLONASS]]
|guidance=[[Inertial guidance system|Inertial]] with [[GLONASS]]
|accuracy= 90-250 m CEP{{cn|date=March 2018}}
|accuracy= 90-250 m CEP{{cn|date=March 2018}}
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}}
}}


The '''RS-26 Rubezh''' ({{langx|ru|РС-26 Рубеж}}, meaning ''frontier'' or ''boundary''), designated by NATO as SS-X-31,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kristensen|first=Hans|date=7 May 2014|title=Russian ICBM Force Modernization: Arms Control Please! |url=https://fas.org/blogs/security/2014/05/russianmodernization/|access-date=25 July 2021|website=Federation Of American Scientists|language=en-US}}</ref> is a Russian [[Solid-fuel rocket|solid-fueled]] [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] (ICBM). It is equipped with a [[Thermonuclear weapon|thermonuclear]] [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|MIRV]] or [[maneuverable reentry vehicle|MaRV]] payload, and is also intended to be capable of carrying the [[Avangard (hypersonic glide vehicle)|Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle]]. The RS-26 is based on [[RS-24 Yars]], and constitutes a shorter version of the RS-24 with one fewer stages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/ss-31.htm |title=RS-26 Rubezh / Avangard - Road Mobile ICBM|access-date=17 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbth.com/economics/2013/10/23/russias_hypersonic_trump_card_edges_closer_to_reality_30325|title=Russia's hypersonic trump card edges closer to reality|date=23 Oct 2013|access-date=17 January 2015|archive-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906223949/https://www.rbth.com/economics/2013/10/23/russias_hypersonic_trump_card_edges_closer_to_reality_30325|url-status=live}}</ref> The development process of the RS-26 has been largely comparable to that of the [[RSD-10 Pioneer]], a shortened derivative of the [[RT-21 Temp 2S]]. Deployment of the RS-26 is speculated to have a similar strategic impact as the RSD-10.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/natosource/russia-s-new-intermediate-range-missiles-back-to-the-1970s|title=Russia's New Intermediate Range Missiles - Back to the 1970s|first=Stefan|last=Forss|date=6 April 2017}}</ref>
The '''RS-26 Rubezh''' ({{langx|ru|РС-26 Рубеж}}, meaning ''frontier'' or ''boundary''), designated by NATO as SS-X-31,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kristensen|first=Hans|date=7 May 2014|title=Russian ICBM Force Modernization: Arms Control Please! |url=https://fas.org/blogs/security/2014/05/russianmodernization/ |access-date=25 July 2021|website=Federation of American Scientists}}</ref> is a Russian [[Solid-fuel rocket|solid-fueled]] [[intermediate-range ballistic missile]] (IRBM) with a [[nuclear weapon|nuclear warhead]], of which the range bracket just barely classifies it as an [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] (ICBM). It is equipped with a [[Thermonuclear weapon|thermonuclear]] [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|MIRV]] or [[maneuverable reentry vehicle|MaRV]] payload, and is also intended to be capable of carrying the [[Avangard (hypersonic glide vehicle)|Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle]]. The RS-26 is based on [[RS-24 Yars]], and constitutes a shorter version of the RS-24 with one fewer stages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/ss-31.htm |title=RS-26 Rubezh / Avangard - Road Mobile ICBM |website=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=17 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rbth.com/economics/2013/10/23/russias_hypersonic_trump_card_edges_closer_to_reality_30325 |title=Russia's hypersonic trump card edges closer to reality|date=23 Oct 2013 |website=Russia Beyond |access-date=17 January 2015|archive-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906223949/https://www.rbth.com/economics/2013/10/23/russias_hypersonic_trump_card_edges_closer_to_reality_30325|url-status=live}}</ref> The development process of the RS-26 has been largely comparable to that of the [[RSD-10 Pioneer]], a shortened derivative of the [[RT-21 Temp 2S]]. Deployment of the RS-26 is speculated to have a similar strategic impact as the RSD-10.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/natosource/russia-s-new-intermediate-range-missiles-back-to-the-1970s|title=Russia's New Intermediate Range Missiles - Back to the 1970s|first=Stefan|last=Forss|date=6 April 2017 |website=Atlantic Council}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
After an initial failure in 2011, it was first test-launched successfully from the [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome]] on May 26, 2012,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18172726|title=Russia tests secret missile after Nato shield launched|publisher=BBC|date=23 May 2012|access-date=17 January 2015|newspaper=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/05/russia_tests_prototype_of_a_ne.shtml|title=Russia tests prototype of a new ICBM|journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|date=23 May 2012|access-date=17 January 2015|last1=Podvig|first1=Pavel}}</ref> hitting its target at the [[Kura Test Range|Kura Range]] 5,800&nbsp;km away minutes later. Further successful tests were performed from [[Kapustin Yar]] to [[Sary Shagan]] in 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.com/russia-to-create-new-missiles-to-compete-with-u-s/|title=Russia to create new missiles to compete with U.S.|publisher=Missile Threat|date=9 January 2013|access-date=17 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121112152/http://missilethreat.com/russia-to-create-new-missiles-to-compete-with-u-s/|archive-date=21 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/new_icbm_tested_in_kapustin_ya.shtml|title=New ICBM tested in Kapustin Yar|journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|date=24 Oct 2012|access-date=17 January 2015|last1=Podvig|first1=Pavel}}</ref> and 2013.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2013/06/russia_continues_tests_of_new.shtml|title=Russia continues tests of new ICBM, named Rubezh|journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|date=6 Jun 2013|access-date=17 January 2015|last1=Podvig|first1=Pavel}}</ref> In 2018, however, it was reported that procurement of the RS-26 by the state armament plan until 2027 (GPV-27) had been frozen, with funding diverted toward continued procurement of the Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/995628|title=Avangard hypersonic missiles replace Rubezh ICBMs in Russia's armament plan through 2027}}</ref>
After an initial failure in 2011, it was first test-launched successfully from the [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome]] on May 26, 2012,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18172726|title=Russia tests secret missile after Nato shield launched|publisher=BBC|date=23 May 2012|access-date=17 January 2015|newspaper=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/05/russia_tests_prototype_of_a_ne.shtml|title=Russia tests prototype of a new ICBM|journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|date=23 May 2012|access-date=17 January 2015|last1=Podvig|first1=Pavel}}</ref> hitting its target at the [[Kura Test Range|Kura Range]] 5,800&nbsp;km away minutes later. Further successful tests were performed from [[Kapustin Yar]] to [[Sary Shagan]] in 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.com/russia-to-create-new-missiles-to-compete-with-u-s/|title=Russia to create new missiles to compete with U.S.|publisher=Missile Threat|date=9 January 2013|access-date=17 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121112152/http://missilethreat.com/russia-to-create-new-missiles-to-compete-with-u-s/|archive-date=21 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/new_icbm_tested_in_kapustin_ya.shtml|title=New ICBM tested in Kapustin Yar|journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|date=24 Oct 2012|access-date=17 January 2015|last1=Podvig|first1=Pavel}}</ref> and 2013.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2013/06/russia_continues_tests_of_new.shtml|title=Russia continues tests of new ICBM, named Rubezh|journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|date=6 Jun 2013|access-date=17 January 2015|last1=Podvig|first1=Pavel}}</ref> In 2018, it was reported that procurement of the RS-26 by the state armament plan until 2027 (GPV-27) had been frozen, with funding diverted toward continued procurement of the Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/995628|title=Avangard hypersonic missiles replace Rubezh ICBMs in Russia's armament plan through 2027}}</ref>


=== Possible operational use ===
=== Rumored operational use ===
⚫
According to the [[Ukrainian Air Force]] and ''[[Ukrainska Pravda]]'', on 21 November 2024 the Russian Federation launched an unspecified number of [[conventional weapon|conventional]] RS-26 missiles [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|at Ukraine]], reportedly targeting critical infrastructure in the central Ukrainian city of [[Dnipro]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author=Alona Mazurenko|title=Russians launch Rubezh intercontinental ballistic missile at Ukraine for first time ever|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/11/21/7485582/|date=21 November 2024|access-date=21 November 2024|language=English|work=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]}}</ref> Russian government spokesperson [[Dmitry Peskov]] was asked to confirm this, and at the time, replied that he "had nothing to say on this topic".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hardaker |first=Daniel |date=2024-11-21 |title=Ukraine-Russia war live: Russia ‘fires intercontinental ballistic missile’ at Ukraine for first time |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/11/21/russia-ukraine-zelensky-putin-war-latest-news57-icbm/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> A western official stated that the missile used in the attack in question was not an ICBM.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Radford |first=Haley |last2=Britzky |first2=Haley |date=2024-11-21 |title=The latest on Russia’s war in Ukraine: Live updates |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/ukraine-russia-war-11-21-24#cm3r5sq6v00053b6msy7twfcv |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Later that day, [[Vladimir Putin]] confirmed that the strike had indeed not been performed by an ICBM, but a new model of IRBM, the [[Oreshnik (missile)|Oreshnik]], using a non-nuclear hypersonic payload.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine war latest: Putin says Russia hit Ukraine with new intermediate-range ballistic missile |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/c20726y20kvt?post=asset:47fd8644-8538-475d-a3cc-6f5714f0d191#post |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Putin says Russia fired experimental ballistic missile into Ukraine |last=Sauer |first=Pjotr |date=2024-11-21 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/21/putin-says-russia-fired-experimental-ballistic-missile-into-ukraine |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=[[The Guardian]] |last2=Sabbagh |first2=Dan |last3=Roth |first3=Andrew}}</ref>
According to ''[[Ukrainska Pravda]]'', on 20 November 2024, speculation arose in the media regarding the possibility of Russia testing the RS-26 Rubezh ballistic missile. Reports suggested that it could have been either a test launch from the Kapustin Yar range in Astrakhan Oblast or a combat launch.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author=Alona Mazurenko|title=Russians launch Rubezh intercontinental ballistic missile at Ukraine for first time ever|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/11/21/7485582/|date=21 November 2024|access-date=21 November 2024|language=English|work=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]}}</ref>

⚫
According to the [[Ukrainian Air Force]], on 21 November 2024 the Russian Federation launched an unspecified number of RS-26 missiles without nuclear warheads [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|at Ukraine]], reportedly targeting critical infrastructure in the central Ukrainian city of [[Dnipro]].<ref name=":0" /> Russian government spokesperson [[Dmitry Peskov]] was asked to confirm this, and replied that he "had nothing to say on this topic".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hardaker |first=Daniel |date=2024-11-21 |title=Ukraine-Russia war live: Russia ‘fires intercontinental ballistic missile’ at Ukraine for first time |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/11/21/russia-ukraine-zelensky-putin-war-latest-news57-icbm/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> A western official stated that the missile used in the attack in question was not an ICBM but a standard ballistic missile.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Radford |first=Haley |last2=Britzky |first2=Haley |date=2024-11-21 |title=The latest on Russia’s war in Ukraine: Live updates |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/ukraine-russia-war-11-21-24#cm3r5sq6v00053b6msy7twfcv |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>


== Political criticism ==
== Political criticism ==
⚫
The missile had been criticized by Western defense observers for indirectly breaching the (now defunct) [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]] (INF Treaty), which prohibited the U.S. and Russia from possessing nuclear and conventional ground-launched [[ballistic missile]]s, [[cruise missiles]], and missile launchers with ranges of {{convert|500–1,000|km|mi|sp=us}} (short medium-range) and {{convert|1000–5,500|km|mi|abbr=on}} (intermediate-range). The RS-26 missile was demonstrated with a light or no payload, extending its range beyond the proscribed 5500&nbsp;km limit of the treaty; however, all subsequent tests were flights with significantly shorter ranges that fell within the treaty prohibitions. The RS-26 was twice tested at a distance of about 2000&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://jamestown.org/program/russias-rubezh-ballistic-missile-disappears-off-the-radar/ | title=Russia's Rubezh Ballistic Missile Disappears off the Radar| newspaper=Jamestown}}</ref> According to a US magazine article, the RS-26 is exactly the same concept and a direct replacement for the [[RSD-10 Pioneer]]—known to NATO as the SS-20 Saber—which was banned under the INF treaty.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russias-dangerous-nuclear-forces-are-back-19442 |title=Russia's Dangerous Nuclear Forces are Back|first=Dave|last=Majumdar|date=14 February 2017 |work=[[The National Interest]] }}</ref>


⚫
The RS-26 is designed to pose a strategic threat to European capitals and has the ability to target NATO forces in Western Europe. According to an article by [[Jeffrey Lewis (academic)|Jeffrey Lewis]] entitled "The problem with Russia's missiles", the purpose of these weapons is to deter Western forces from coming to the aid of NATO's newer eastern members that are located closer to Russia's borders.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/07/29/the-problem-with-russias-missiles/ |title=The problem with Russia's missiles|journal=Foreign Policy |date=29 July 2014|first=Jeffrey|last=Lewis}}</ref>
⚫
The missile has been criticized by Western defense observers for indirectly breaching the [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]] (INF Treaty). The missile demonstrated, with a light or no payload, the ability to reach above the agreed 5500&nbsp;km limit of the treaty. However all further testing have been flights with significantly shorter ranges. The RS-26 was twice tested at a distance of about 2000&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://jamestown.org/program/russias-rubezh-ballistic-missile-disappears-off-the-radar/ | title=Russia's Rubezh Ballistic Missile Disappears off the Radar| newspaper=Jamestown}}</ref> While the RS-26 is technically an ICBM, its range falls just barely inside the ICBM category. According to a US magazine article, the RS-26 is exactly the same concept and a direct replacement for the [[RSD-10 Pioneer]]—known to NATO as the '''SS-20 Saber'''—which was banned under the INF treaty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russias-dangerous-nuclear-forces-are-back-19442 |title=Russia's Dangerous Nuclear Forces are Back|first=Dave|last=Majumdar|date=14 February 2017}}</ref>

⚫
The RS-26 is designed to pose a strategic threat to European capitals and has the ability to target NATO forces in Western Europe. According to an article by [[Jeffrey Lewis (academic)|Jeffrey Lewis]] entitled "The problem with Russia's missiles", the purpose of these weapons is to deter Western forces from coming to the aid of the NATO's newer eastern members that are located closer to Russia's borders.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/07/29/the-problem-with-russias-missiles/ |title=The problem with Russia's missiles|journal=Foreign Policy |date=29 July 2014|first=Jeffrey|last=Lewis}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
* [[Agni-V]]
* [[Strategic Missile Troops]]
⚫
* [[DF-41]]
⚫
* [[DF-5]]
* [[LGM-30 Minuteman]]
⚫
* [[R-36 (missile)]]
* [[RS-28 Sarmat]]
* [[RS-28 Sarmat]]
⚫
* [[R-36 (missile)]]
⚫
* [[UR-100N]]
* [[RT-2PM Topol]]
* [[RT-2PM Topol]]
* [[RT-2PM2 Topol-M]]
* [[RT-2PM2 Topol-M]]
* [[LGM-30 Minuteman]]
* [[Strategic Missile Troops]]
* [[DF-5]]
* [[UR-100N]]
⚫
* [[DF-41]]
⚫
* [[Agni-V]]


==References==
==References==
Line 77: Line 70:
[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of Russia]]
[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of Russia]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 2011]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 2011]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2010s]]
[[Category:MIRV capable missiles]]
[[Category:MIRV capable missiles]]

Latest revision as of 09:34, 23 November 2024

RS-26 Rubezh
Typeintermediate-range ballistic missile
Place of originRussia
Service history
Used byRussian Strategic Missile Troops
Production history
DesignerMoscow Institute of Thermal Technology
Produced2011
Specifications
Mass36,000 kilograms (80,000 lb)
Warhead4x each 150/300 Kt MIRV, payload 800 kilograms (1,800 lb)[1]
EngineSolid-fueled (last stage or warhead block can have liquid)
Propellantsolid, third or fourth stage (warhead block) can be liquid
Operational
range
5800 km demonstrated[2]
Flight altitudeSeveral tens of km
Maximum speed over Mach 20 (24,500 km/h; 15,200 mph; 6.81 km/s)
Guidance
system
Inertial with GLONASS
Accuracy90-250 m CEP[citation needed]
Launch
platform
Road-mobile TEL

The RS-26 Rubezh (Russian: РС-26 Рубеж, meaning frontier or boundary), designated by NATO as SS-X-31,[3] is a Russian solid-fueled intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) with a nuclear warhead, of which the range bracket just barely classifies it as an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). It is equipped with a thermonuclear MIRV or MaRV payload, and is also intended to be capable of carrying the Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle. The RS-26 is based on RS-24 Yars, and constitutes a shorter version of the RS-24 with one fewer stages.[4][5] The development process of the RS-26 has been largely comparable to that of the RSD-10 Pioneer, a shortened derivative of the RT-21 Temp 2S. Deployment of the RS-26 is speculated to have a similar strategic impact as the RSD-10.[6]

History

After an initial failure in 2011, it was first test-launched successfully from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome on May 26, 2012,[7][8] hitting its target at the Kura Range 5,800 km away minutes later. Further successful tests were performed from Kapustin Yar to Sary Shagan in 2012[9][10] and 2013.[11] In 2018, it was reported that procurement of the RS-26 by the state armament plan until 2027 (GPV-27) had been frozen, with funding diverted toward continued procurement of the Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle.[12]

Rumored operational use

According to the Ukrainian Air Force and Ukrainska Pravda, on 21 November 2024 the Russian Federation launched an unspecified number of conventional RS-26 missiles at Ukraine, reportedly targeting critical infrastructure in the central Ukrainian city of Dnipro.[13] Russian government spokesperson Dmitry Peskov was asked to confirm this, and at the time, replied that he "had nothing to say on this topic".[14] A western official stated that the missile used in the attack in question was not an ICBM.[15] Later that day, Vladimir Putin confirmed that the strike had indeed not been performed by an ICBM, but a new model of IRBM, the Oreshnik, using a non-nuclear hypersonic payload.[16][17]

Political criticism

The missile had been criticized by Western defense observers for indirectly breaching the (now defunct) Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty), which prohibited the U.S. and Russia from possessing nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and missile launchers with ranges of 500–1,000 kilometers (310–620 mi) (short medium-range) and 1,000–5,500 km (620–3,420 mi) (intermediate-range). The RS-26 missile was demonstrated with a light or no payload, extending its range beyond the proscribed 5500 km limit of the treaty; however, all subsequent tests were flights with significantly shorter ranges that fell within the treaty prohibitions. The RS-26 was twice tested at a distance of about 2000 km.[18] According to a US magazine article, the RS-26 is exactly the same concept and a direct replacement for the RSD-10 Pioneer—known to NATO as the SS-20 Saber—which was banned under the INF treaty.[19]

The RS-26 is designed to pose a strategic threat to European capitals and has the ability to target NATO forces in Western Europe. According to an article by Jeffrey Lewis entitled "The problem with Russia's missiles", the purpose of these weapons is to deter Western forces from coming to the aid of NATO's newer eastern members that are located closer to Russia's borders.[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Missile Defense Project, "RS-26 Rubezh," Missile Threat, Center for Strategic and International Studies". missilethreat.csis.org. April 23, 2024.
  2. ^ "RS-26 Rubezh Intercontinental Ballistic Missile". Military-Today.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2017.
  3. ^ Kristensen, Hans (7 May 2014). "Russian ICBM Force Modernization: Arms Control Please!". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  4. ^ "RS-26 Rubezh / Avangard - Road Mobile ICBM". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  5. ^ "Russia's hypersonic trump card edges closer to reality". Russia Beyond. 23 Oct 2013. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  6. ^ Forss, Stefan (6 April 2017). "Russia's New Intermediate Range Missiles - Back to the 1970s". Atlantic Council.
  7. ^ "Russia tests secret missile after Nato shield launched". BBC News. BBC. 23 May 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  8. ^ Podvig, Pavel (23 May 2012). "Russia tests prototype of a new ICBM". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  9. ^ "Russia to create new missiles to compete with U.S." Missile Threat. 9 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  10. ^ Podvig, Pavel (24 Oct 2012). "New ICBM tested in Kapustin Yar". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  11. ^ Podvig, Pavel (6 Jun 2013). "Russia continues tests of new ICBM, named Rubezh". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  12. ^ "Avangard hypersonic missiles replace Rubezh ICBMs in Russia's armament plan through 2027".
  13. ^ Alona Mazurenko (21 November 2024). "Russians launch Rubezh intercontinental ballistic missile at Ukraine for first time ever". Ukrainska Pravda. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  14. ^ Hardaker, Daniel (2024-11-21). "Ukraine-Russia war live: Russia 'fires intercontinental ballistic missile' at Ukraine for first time". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
  15. ^ Radford, Haley; Britzky, Haley (2024-11-21). "The latest on Russia's war in Ukraine: Live updates". CNN. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
  16. ^ "Ukraine war latest: Putin says Russia hit Ukraine with new intermediate-range ballistic missile". BBC News. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
  17. ^ Sauer, Pjotr; Sabbagh, Dan; Roth, Andrew (2024-11-21). "Putin says Russia fired experimental ballistic missile into Ukraine". The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
  18. ^ "Russia's Rubezh Ballistic Missile Disappears off the Radar". Jamestown.
  19. ^ Majumdar, Dave (14 February 2017). "Russia's Dangerous Nuclear Forces are Back". The National Interest.
  20. ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (29 July 2014). "The problem with Russia's missiles". Foreign Policy.
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