Monument to Cuauhtémoc: Difference between revisions

Monument to Cuauhtémoc
	Front view of the top section of the statue
	19°25′52″N 99°09′32″W / 19.4311°N 99.1589°W
Location	Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City
Designer	Francisco Jiménez, Ramón Agea, Miguel Noreña
Width	6.20 x 6.20 m (base)
Height	4.93 metres (16.2 ft) (sculpture); 11.75 metres (38.5 ft) (base)
Beginning date	1878
Completion date	1887
Opening date	21 August 1887
Dedicated to	Cuauhtémoc

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The Monument to Cuauhtémoc is an 1887 monument dedicated to the last Mexica ruler (tlatoani) of Tenochtitlan Cuauhtémoc, located at the intersection of Avenida de los Insurgentes and Paseo de la Reforma in Mexico City. It is the work of Francisco Jiménez and Miguel Noreña in the "neoindigenismo" (academic indigenismo style), and was proposed to promote the new government of Porfirio Díaz.

Historical context

The construction of the monument was part of a nationalist discourse, promoted through a program of public sculpture and an expansion of the Paseo de la Reforma.^[1]^[2] Its construction occurred subsequent to the Monument to Christopher Columbus, located at the next major roundabout (glorieta) of the same wide avenue, and in contrast to it, as an attempt to highlight the mestizo (mixed origin) identity of contemporary Mexico.^[1] It is also deliberately made in the same scale as monuments celebrating national heroes from the 19th Century Mexican War of Independence.^[3] Alongside the Mexico Pavilion at the 1889 Paris exhibition by Antonio Anza, the monument was part of a failed search for a purely Mexican artistic style.^[4]

The monument to Cuauhtémoc was created on the initiative of Vicente Riva Palacio who proposed to promote the "Porfiriato" regime of president Porfirio Díaz with a monument to honour the last of the Mexica rulers. To do this, in 1877 D.J.S. Bagally, Emilio Dondé, Manuel Gargollo y Parra and Ramón Rodríguez Arangoyti were convened as judges for a public competition.^[1] The winners was engineer Francisco M. Jiménez who were inspired by the details of prehispanic Mexican architecture, such as the ancient buildings of Uxmal, Mitla and the archaeological site of Palenque, among others. Jimenez died two days after the decision was announced^[1] therefore the construction of the monument was overseen by Ramón Agea, architect and engineer of the National Palace of Mexico. The Minister of public works, Carlos Pacheco Villalobos, then commissioned Miguel Noreña for sculptures on the monument at a cost of 37,863 pesos. 3 thousand was later added to the cost for the bronze leopards around the base as these had originally been planned by Jiménez to only be built in chiluca stone.

The foundation stone was laid on 5 May 1878 a date chosen by Diaz in recognition of the Battle of Puebla.^[1] It was opened nine years later on 21 August 1887 by Diaz. The casting was made in the workshop of Jesús Contreras and weights 354 tons.^[5]

Location

In 1949 architect Mario Pani Darqui had planned to build a huge square with traffic intersection and at least a dozen new buildings with the monument as the center of the project. The Mexico City Government moved the monument from its original location to the middle of the intersection of Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida de los Insurgentes as the first stage of the construction but the project was not completed.^[5] In 2004 as a part of a major restoration of the Paseo, the Mexico City government decided move it back to its original site.^[5] Restoration works of the base, sculptures and the construction of the new environs took place beginning on April 12, 2004. For this new site, the local government and the National Institute of Anthropology and History undertook research to confirm the original site - 79 meters to the northwest of the location in 1949.^[5] In the new site a stronger foundation for the monument was built, which also gave the monument an elevation 1.8m higher than the original. The renovation was completed with the placement of the Cuauhtémoc statue on December 10, 2004.^[5]

The monument is now situated in the middle of a roundabout (glorieta) in the city's main boulevard with "Glorieta of the Palm" at the next intersection to the West and glorieta de las mujeres que luchan (former location of the Columbus monument) at the next intersection to the East.

Sculpture

The monument is topped by a statue of Cuauhtémoc, wearing ceremonial clothing with a penacho (plumed headdress) and holding a spear, made by the Mexican sculptor Miguel Noreña. The costume and the anatomical arrangement of Cuauhtémoc - made to resemble statues of the Greco-Roman tradition, following the artistic fashion of the time. The tilmàtli (outer garment) is knotted the Roman style, for example. According to Arturo Arnaiz y Freg, poet Ignacio Manuel Altamirano was the model for the Cuauhtémoc face.^[6]

Base

Designed by Francisco Jiménez, the base of the monument incorporates many Mesoamerican stylistic elements including an octagonal shape, consisting of three truncated pyramidal bodies. The third one shows influence of complex slope/board and contains friezes inspired by the architecture of Mitla.

On the four sides of monument are names of other Aztec commanders during the Spanish conquest: Cuitláhuac (East), Cacama (North), Tetlepanquetzaltzin (originally Tetlepanquetzal, West) and Coanacoch (South).

The base also includes two inscriptions:

In memory of Quautemoc [sic] and the warriors who fought heroically in defense of their homeland. MDXXI [1521]
(Original: A la memoria de Quautemoc y de los guerreros que combatieron heroicamente en defensa de su patria. MDXXI)

The erection of this monument was ordered by Porfirio Diaz, President of the Republic, and Vicente Riva Palacio, Secretary of Public Works. MDCCCLXXVIII [1878]
(Original: Ordenaron la erección de este monumento Porfirio Díaz, presidente de la República, y Vicente Riva Palacio, secretario de Fomento. MDCCCLXXVIII)

The reliefs on the North and South of the pedestal represent The meeting of Cuauhtémoc prisoner with Cortés (original: La entrevista de Cuauhtémoc, prisionero, con Cortés), by Miguel Noreña and The torment of Cuauhtémoc (original: El tormento de Cuauhtémoc) by Gabriel Guerra.

The monument with Reforma 222 in the background.
The torment Cuauhtémoc, de Gabriel Guerra

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Martínez Assad, Carlos R. (2005). La patria en el Paseo de la Reforma (in Spanish). UNAM. ISBN 9681674553.
^ Rodríguez Prampolini, Ida (1997). La crítica de arte en México en el siglo XIX: Estudio y documentos, 1810-1858 Estudios y fuentes del arte en México. Volumen 1, La crítica de arte en México en el siglo XIX (in Spanish). UNAM. p. 533. ISBN 9683648169.
^ David Brading cited in Assad, ibid.
^ Urzaiz Lares (1997). Arquitectura en tránsito: patrimonio arquitectónico de la primera mitad del siglo XX en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán (in Spanish). ISBN 9687556617.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Nuevo rostro de la Ciudad. Paseo de la Reforma - Centro Histórico. Mexico: Gobierno del Distrito Federal. 2005. ISBN 968-5740-05-4.
^ "MONUMENTO A CUAUHTEMOC". La Jornada. Retrieved 20 October 2014.

External links

Chapter 1 "The Children of Cuauhtemoc" of Mexico, Biography of Power:A History of Modern Mexico, 1810-1996 by Enrique Krauze, Translated by Hank Heifetz, New York Times (1997).

[Assad-1] Martínez Assad, Carlos R. (2005). La patria en el Paseo de la Reforma (in Spanish). UNAM. ISBN 9681674553.

[2] Rodríguez Prampolini, Ida (1997). La crítica de arte en México en el siglo XIX: Estudio y documentos, 1810-1858 Estudios y fuentes del arte en México. Volumen 1, La crítica de arte en México en el siglo XIX (in Spanish). UNAM. p. 533. ISBN 9683648169.

[3] David Brading cited in Assad, ibid.

[4] Urzaiz Lares (1997). Arquitectura en tránsito: patrimonio arquitectónico de la primera mitad del siglo XX en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán (in Spanish). ISBN 9687556617.

[NuevoRostro-5] Nuevo rostro de la Ciudad. Paseo de la Reforma - Centro Histórico. Mexico: Gobierno del Distrito Federal. 2005. ISBN 968-5740-05-4.

[LaJornada-6] "MONUMENTO A CUAUHTEMOC". La Jornada. Retrieved 20 October 2014.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Sculpture in Mexico City, Mexico}}
-{{coord|19|25|52|N|99|09|32.6|W|type:landmark_region:MX-DIF|display=title}}
 {{Infobox monument
 |monument_name = Monument to Cuauhtémoc
 |native_name   =
-|image         = MonumentCuitlahuacPaseo2.jpg
+|image         = Monumento a Cuauhtémoc en Paseo de la Reforma - detalle.jpg
 |caption       = Front view of the top section of the statue
 |location      = [[Paseo de la Reforma]], [[Mexico City]] {{flagicon|MEX}}
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 |length        =
 |width         = 6.20 x 6.20 [[meters|m]] (base)
-|height        = 4.93 [[meters|m]] (sculpture)</br> 11.75  [[meters|m]] (base)
+|height        = {{convert|4.93|m}} (sculpture)<br /> {{convert|11.75|m}} (base)
 |begin         = 1878
 |complete      = 1887
-|open          = 21 August, 1887
+|open          = 21 August 1887
 |dedicated_to  = [[Cuauhtémoc]]
-|map_image     =
+|map_name     = Mexico City Central
-|map_text      =
+|map_text      = Location in central/western Mexico City
 |map_width     =
 |relief        =
+|coordinates   = {{coord|19.4311|-99.1589|display=inline,title}}
-|lat           =
-|long          =
 |extra         =
 }}
-The '''Monument to Cuauhtémoc''' is an 1887 statue dedicated to the last [[Mexica]] ruler (''[[tlatoani]]'') of [[Tenochtitlan]] [[Cuauhtémoc]], located at the intersection of [[Avenida de los Insurgentes]] and [[Paseo de la Reforma]] in [[Mexico City]]. It is the work of Francisco Jimenez and [[Miguel Noreña]] in the "neoindigenismo" (academic [[indigenismo]] style), highly promoted by the government of [[Porfirio Diaz]].
+The '''Monument to Cuauhtémoc''' is an 1887 monument dedicated to the last [[Mexica]] ruler (''[[tlatoani]]'') of [[Tenochtitlan]] [[Cuauhtémoc]], located at the intersection of [[Avenida de los Insurgentes]] and [[Paseo de la Reforma]] in [[Mexico City]]. It is the work of Francisco Jiménez and [[:es:Miguel Noreña|Miguel Noreña]] in the "neoindigenismo" (academic [[indigenismo]] style), and was proposed to promote the new government of [[Porfirio Díaz]].
 ==Historical context==
+[[File:Statue of Gautamozin onthe Paseo..tif|thumbnail|right|300px|The monument c. 1880 by [[William Henry Jackson]].]]
-The construction of the monument was part of a [[nationalist]] discourse, promoted through a program of [[public sculpture]] and an expansion of the Paseo de la Reforma.<ref name="Assad">{{cite book|last=Martínez Assad|first=Carlos R.|title=La patria en el Paseo de la Reforma|year=2005|language=Spanish|publisher=UNAM|isbn=9681674553}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Rodríguez Prampolini|first=Ida|title=La crítica de arte en México en el siglo XIX: Estudio y documentos, 1810-1858 Estudios y fuentes del arte en México. Volumen 1, La crítica de arte en México en el siglo XIX|year=1997|language=Spanish|publisher=UNAM|isbn=9683648169|page=533}}</ref> Its construction occurred subsequent to the [[Monument to Columbus (Mexico City)|monument to Christopher Columbus]], located at the next intersection of the same street, and in contrast to it, as an attempt to highlight the [[mestizo]] (mixed origin) identity of contemporary Mexico.<ref name="Assad"/> It is also deliberately made in the same scale as monuments celebrating national heroes from the 19th Century [[Mexican War of Independence]].<ref>David Brading cited in Assad, ibid.</ref> Alongside the Mexico Pavilion at the [[1889 Paris exhibition]] by Antonio Anza, the monument was part of a failed search for a purely Mexican artistic style.<ref>{{cite book|author=Urzaiz Lares|title=Arquitectura en tránsito: patrimonio arquitectónico de la primera mitad del siglo XX en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán|year=1997|language=Spanish|isbn=9687556617}}</ref>
+[[File:Monument to Quatemor, Mexico City, Mexico, ca.1905-1910 (CHS-661).jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|Stereograph of monument c. 1905-1910 by [[William Henry Jackson]].]]
+The construction of the monument was part of a [[nationalist]] discourse, promoted through a program of [[public sculpture]] and an expansion of the Paseo de la Reforma.<ref name="Assad">{{cite book|last=Martínez Assad|first=Carlos R.|title=La patria en el Paseo de la Reforma|year=2005|language=es|publisher=UNAM|isbn=9681674553}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Rodríguez Prampolini|first=Ida|title=La crítica de arte en México en el siglo XIX: Estudio y documentos, 1810-1858 Estudios y fuentes del arte en México. Volumen 1, La crítica de arte en México en el siglo XIX|year=1997|language=es|publisher=UNAM|isbn=9683648169|page=533}}</ref> Its construction occurred subsequent to the [[Monument to Christopher Columbus (Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City)|Monument to Christopher Columbus]], located at the next major roundabout (''glorieta'') of the same wide avenue, and in contrast to it, as an attempt to highlight the [[mestizo]] (mixed origin) identity of contemporary Mexico.<ref name="Assad"/> It is also deliberately made in the same scale as monuments celebrating national heroes from the 19th Century [[Mexican War of Independence]].<ref>David Brading cited in Assad, ibid.</ref> Alongside the Mexico Pavilion at the [[1889 Paris exhibition]] by Antonio Anza, the monument was part of a failed search for a purely Mexican artistic style.<ref>{{cite book|author=Urzaiz Lares|title=Arquitectura en tránsito: patrimonio arquitectónico de la primera mitad del siglo XX en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán|year=1997|language=es|isbn=9687556617}}</ref>
 The monument to Cuauhtémoc was created on the initiative of [[Vicente Riva Palacio]] who proposed to promote the "[[Porfiriato]]" regime of president Porfirio Díaz with a monument to honour the last of the Mexica rulers. To do this, in 1877 D.J.S. Bagally, Emilio Dondé, Manuel Gargollo y Parra and Ramón Rodríguez Arangoyti were convened as judges for a public competition.<ref name="Assad"/> The winners was engineer Francisco M. Jiménez who were inspired by the details of [[prehispanic]] Mexican architecture, such as the ancient buildings of [[Uxmal]], [[Mitla]] and the archaeological site of [[Palenque]], among others. Jimenez died two days after the decision was announced<ref name="Assad"/> therefore the construction of the monument was overseen by Ramón Agea, architect and engineer of the [[National Palace of Mexico]]. The Minister of public works, [[Carlos Pacheco Villalobos]], then commissioned Miguel Noreña for sculptures on the monument at a cost of 37,863 pesos. 3 thousand was later added to the cost for the bronze leopards around the base as these had originally been planned by Jiménez to only be built in ''chiluca'' stone.
-The foundation stone was laid on 5 May 1878 a date chosen by Diaz in recognition of the [[Battle of Puebla]].<ref name="Assad"/> It was opened nine years later on 21 August 1887 by Diaz. The casting was made in the workshop of [[Jesús Contreras]] with the monument weights 354 tons.<ref name="NuevoRostro"/>
+The foundation stone was laid on 5 May 1878 a date chosen by Diaz in recognition of the [[Battle of Puebla]].<ref name="Assad"/> It was opened nine years later on 21 August 1887 by Diaz. The casting was made in the workshop of [[Jesús Contreras]] and weights 354 tons.<ref name="NuevoRostro"/>
 ==Location==
-[[File:MonumentCuitlahuacPaseo.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The completel monument in its current location as seen from the East. The name [[Cuitláhuac]] is visible on the inscription - Cuauhtémoc's cousin and predecessor as [[Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan]] (2011)]]
+[[File:MonumentCuitlahuacPaseo.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The monument in its current location as seen from the East. The name [[Cuitláhuac]] is visible on the inscription - Cuauhtémoc's cousin and predecessor as [[Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan]] (2011)]]
-In 1949 architect [[Mario Pani Darqui]] had planned to build a huge square with traffic intersection and at least a dozen new buildings with the monument as the center of the project. The Mexico City Government moved the monument from its original location to the middle of the intersection of Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida de los Insurgentes as the first stage of the construction but the project was not completed.<ref name="NuevoRostro">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Nuevo rostro de la Ciudad. Paseo de la Reforma - Centro Histórico |url= |location=Mexico |publisher=Gobierno del Distrito Federal |page= |date=2005 |isbn=968-5740-05-4 |accessdate=October 18, 2014}}</ref> In 2004 as a part of a major restoration of the Paseo, the Mexico City government decided move it back to its original site.<ref name="NuevoRostro"/> Restoration works of the base, sculptures and the construction of the new environs took place beginning on April 12, 2004. For this new site, the local government and the [[Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia|National Institute of Anthropology and History]] undertook research to confirm the original site - 79 meters to the northwest of the location in 1949.<ref name="NuevoRostro"/> In the new site a stronger foundation for the monument was built, which also gave the monument an elevation 1.8m higher than the original. The renovation was completed with the placement of the Cuauhtémoc statue on December 10, 2004.<ref name="NuevoRostro"/>
+In 1949 architect [[Mario Pani Darqui]] had planned to build a huge square with traffic intersection and at least a dozen new buildings with the monument as the center of the project. The Mexico City Government moved the monument from its original location to the middle of the intersection of Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida de los Insurgentes as the first stage of the construction but the project was not completed.<ref name="NuevoRostro">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Nuevo rostro de la Ciudad. Paseo de la Reforma - Centro Histórico |location=Mexico |publisher=Gobierno del Distrito Federal |date=2005 |isbn=968-5740-05-4 }}</ref> In 2004 as a part of a major restoration of the Paseo, the Mexico City government decided move it back to its original site.<ref name="NuevoRostro"/> Restoration works of the base, sculptures and the construction of the new environs took place beginning on April 12, 2004. For this new site, the local government and the [[Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia|National Institute of Anthropology and History]] undertook research to confirm the original site - 79 meters to the northwest of the location in 1949.<ref name="NuevoRostro"/> In the new site a stronger foundation for the monument was built, which also gave the monument an elevation 1.8m higher than the original. The renovation was completed with the placement of the Cuauhtémoc statue on December 10, 2004.<ref name="NuevoRostro"/>
-The monument is now situated in the middle of a [[roundabout]] (''glorieta'') in the city's main boulevard with "Glorieta of the Palm" at the next intersection to the West and "la glorieta of the Columbus monument" at the next intersection to the East.
+The monument is now situated in the middle of a [[roundabout]] (''glorieta'') in the city's [[Paseo de la Reforma|main boulevard]] with "Glorieta of the Palm" at the next intersection to the West and ''[[glorieta de las mujeres que luchan]]'' (former location of the [[Monument to Christopher Columbus (Charles Cordier)|Columbus monument]]) at the next intersection to the East.
 ==Sculpture==
-The monument is topped by a statue of Cuauhtémoc, wearing ceremonial clothing with a ''penacho'' ([[Plume (feather)|plumed]] headdress) and holding a [[spear]], made by the Mexican sculptor Miguel Noreña. The costume and the anatomical arrangement of Cuauhtémoc - made to resemble statues of the [[Greco-Roman]] tradition, following the artistic fashion of the time. The ''[[tilmàtli]]'' (outer garment) is knotted the Roman style, for example.
+The monument is topped by a statue of Cuauhtémoc, wearing ceremonial clothing with a ''penacho'' ([[Plume (feather)|plumed]] headdress) and holding a [[spear]], made by the Mexican sculptor Miguel Noreña. The costume and the anatomical arrangement of Cuauhtémoc - made to resemble statues of the [[Greco-Roman]] tradition, following the artistic fashion of the time. The ''[[tilmàtli]]'' (outer garment) is knotted the Roman style, for example. According to Arturo Arnaiz y Freg, poet [[Ignacio Manuel Altamirano]] was the model for the Cuauhtémoc face.<ref name="LaJornada">{{cite web|title=MONUMENTO A CUAUHTEMOC|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2005/02/16/index.php?section=cultura&article=a28n1cul|website=La Jornada|access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref>
 ==Base==
-Designed by Francisco Jimenez, the base of the monument incorporates many [[Mesoamerican]] stylistic elements including an [[octagonal]] shape, consisting of three truncated pyramidal bodies. The third one shows influence of complex slope/board and contains [[frieze]]s inspired by the architecture of [[Mitla]].
+Designed by Francisco Jiménez, the base of the monument incorporates many [[Mesoamerican]] stylistic elements including an [[octagonal]] shape, consisting of three truncated pyramidal bodies. The third one shows influence of complex slope/board and contains [[frieze]]s inspired by the architecture of [[Mitla]].
-On the four sides of monument are names of other Aztec commanders during the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish conquest]]: [[Cuitláhuac]] (East), [[Cacama]] (North), Tetlepanquetzaltzin (originally [[Tetlepanquetzal]], West) and [[Coanacoch]] (South).
+On the four sides of monument are names of other Aztec commanders during the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish conquest]]: [[Cuitláhuac]] (East), [[Cacamatzin|Cacama]] (North), Tetlepanquetzaltzin (originally [[Tetlepanquetzal]], West) and [[Coanacoch]] (South).
 The base also includes two inscriptions:
-{{blockquote|In memory of Cuauhtémoc and the warriors who fought heroically in defense of their homeland. In the year 1521<br>
+{{blockquote|In memory of Quautemoc [sic] and the warriors who fought heroically in defense of their homeland. MDXXI [1521]<br>
-(Original: ''A la memoria de Cuauhtémoc y de los guerreros que combatieron heroicamente en defensa de su patria. Año de 1521)''}}
+(Original: ''A la memoria de Quautemoc y de los guerreros que combatieron heroicamente en defensa de su patria. MDXXI'')}}
-{{blockquote|The erection of this monument was ordered by Porfirio Diaz, President of the Republic, and [[Vicente Riva Palacio]], Minister of Public Works. In the year 1878<br>
+{{blockquote|The erection of this monument was ordered by Porfirio Diaz, President of the Republic, and [[Vicente Riva Palacio]], Secretary of Public Works. MDCCCLXXVIII [1878]<br>
-(Original: ''Ordenaron la erección de este monumento Porfirio Díaz, presidente de la República, y Vicente Riva Palacio, secretario de Fomento. Año de 1878)''}}
+(Original: ''Ordenaron la erección de este monumento Porfirio Díaz, presidente de la República, y Vicente Riva Palacio, secretario de Fomento. MDCCCLXXVIII'')}}
-The reliefs on the North and South of the pedestal represent ''The meeting of Cuauhtémoc prisoner with [[Hernán Cortés|Cortés]]'' (original: ''La entrevista de Cuauhtémoc, prisionero, con Cortés''), by Miguel Noreña and ''The torment of Cuauhtémoc'' (original: ''El tormento de Cuauhtémoc'') by [[Gabriel Guerra]].
+The reliefs on the North and South of the pedestal represent ''The meeting of Cuauhtémoc prisoner with [[Hernán Cortés|Cortés]]'' (original: ''La entrevista de Cuauhtémoc, prisionero, con Cortés''), by Miguel Noreña and ''The torment of Cuauhtémoc'' (original: ''El tormento de Cuauhtémoc'') by [[Gabriel Guerra (sculptor)|Gabriel Guerra]].
 <gallery>
@@ Line 64: / Line 65: @@
 Image:Monumento Cuahtemoc 2.JPG
 Image:LionMOnumentPaseo.jpg
+Image: Monumento a Cuauhtémoc en Paseo de la Reforma.jpg
+Image: Monumento a Cuauhtémoc en Paseo de la Reforma - glorieta.jpg
+Image: Monumento a Cuauhtémoc en Paseo de la Reforma - con rascacielos.jpg
 </gallery>
@@ Line 69: / Line 73: @@
 {{Commons category|Monumento a Cuauhtémoc}}
 *[[Angel of Independence]]
+*[[Monumento a la Revolución]]
-==External links==
-* [http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/k/krauze-mexico.html Chapter 1 "The Children of Cuauhtemoc"] of ''Mexico, Biography of Power:A History of Modern Mexico, 1810-1996'' by Enrique Krauze, Translated by Hank Heifetz, [[New York Times]] (1997).
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+==External links==
-<!-- {{DEFAULTSORT:Cuauhtémoc}}
+{{Portal|Mexico|Visual arts}}
-[[Category:1887 in Mexico|Cuauhtémoc]]
+* [https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/k/krauze-mexico.html Chapter 1 "The Children of Cuauhtemoc"] of ''Mexico, Biography of Power:A History of Modern Mexico, 1810-1996'' by Enrique Krauze, Translated by Hank Heifetz, [[New York Times]] (1997).
-[[Category:Monuments in Mexico City|Cuauhtémoc]]
+{{Avenida de los Insurgentes}}
+{{Paseo de la Reforma}}
+{{Public art in Mexico City}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuauhtemoc}}
+[[Category:1887 establishments in Mexico]]
+[[Category:1887 sculptures]]
+[[Category:Sculptures of cats]]
+[[Category:Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City]]
+[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Mexico City]]
 [[Category:National symbols of Mexico]]
-[[Category:Outdoor sculptures in Mexico]]
+[[Category:Outdoor sculptures in Mexico City]]
-[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1887]]
+[[Category:Paseo de la Reforma]]
-[[Category:Paseo de la Reforma|Cuauhtémoc]] -->
+[[Category:Sculptures of men in Mexico]]
+[[Category:Indigenismo in Mexico]]
+[[Category:Indigenous peoples in Mexico City]]
+[[Category:Sculptures of Indigenous Mexicans]]

v t e Avenida de los Insurgentes
Areas	Ciudad de los Deportes Ciudad Universitaria Cuicuilco Glorieta de los Insurgentes Parque de la Bombilla Parque Hundido
Buildings	Forum Buenavista Galerías Insurgentes Insurgentes 300 Manacar Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo Perisur Plaza Insurgentes Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros Reforma 222 Restaurante Arroyo Teatro de los Insurgentes Torre Insignia Universidad Intercontinental World Trade Center
Formerly	Former Buenavista railway station
Landmarks, monuments and statues	El Sereno Monumento a la Raza Monumento a los Indios Verdes Monumento al perro callejero Ruta de la Amistad
Nearby	Biblioteca Vasconcelos Monument to Cuauhtémoc Mother's Monument Paseo de la Reforma Revolución metro station
Transportation	Buenavista metro station Buenavista railway station Chilpancingo metro station Deportivo 18 de Marzo metro station Indios Verdes metro station Insurgentes metro station Insurgentes Sur metro station La Raza metro station Mexico City Metrobús Line 1 Potrero metro station
Related	2023 Mexico City Metro train crash Hotel de México Insurgentes (Steven Wilson album)

v t e Paseo de la Reforma
Buildings	Auditorio Nacional Chapultepec Uno R509 Centro de Cultura Digital Church of San Hipólito Embassy of the United States in Mexico City Edificio El Moro National Lottery for Public Assistance Esquina de la Información HSBC Tower Mexican Stock Exchange Museo de Arte Moderno Museo Rufino Tamayo National Museum of Anthropology Reforma 222 Sheraton Hotel St. Regis Torre BBVA México Torre del Caballito Servicio de Administración Tributaria Torre Diana Torre MAPFRE Torre Mayor Torre Reforma Torre Reforma Latino
Formerly	Cine Latino Former Aeroméxico Headquarters Building Glorieta del Caballito Equestrian statue of Charles IV of Spain Monument to Christopher Columbus Monumento a los Indios Verdes Statue of Heydar Aliyev
Landmarks, monuments and statues	Angel of Independence Antimonumento +43 Antimonumento +72 Diana the Huntress Fountain El Ángel de la Seguridad Social El Caballito Estela de Luz Fuente de la República Glorieta de la Palma Glorieta de las mujeres que luchan How Doth the Little Crocodile Monument to Cuauhtémoc Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Monument Puerta 1808 Rescatemos a David y Miguel The Young Woman of Amajac
Nearby	Avenida Bucareli Avenida de los Insurgentes Bridge of the Lions Chapultepec Memorial to Victims of Violence in Mexico Monumento a la Revolución Monumento a los Niños Héroes Parish of the Holy Child of Peace Puerta de los Leones
Transportation	Auditorio metro station Garibaldi / Lagunilla metro station Hidalgo metro station Mexico City Metrobús Line 7
Related	2008 Mexico City Learjet crash Ferdinand von Rosenzweig Mexico City Marathon The Paseo (Kansas City, Missouri) Tlalli