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{{Short description|Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |
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{{Infobox country |
{{Infobox country |
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|conventional_long_name = Herzegovina-Neretva Canton |
| conventional_long_name = Herzegovina-Neretva Canton |
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|native_name = Hercegovačko- |
| native_name = Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton<br /> Херцеговачко-неретвански кантон{{Clear}}Hercegovačko-neretvanska županija |
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|common_name = Herzegovina-Neretva |
| common_name = Herzegovina-Neretva |
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|status = [[Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
| status = [[Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
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|image_flag = Flag of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg |
| image_flag = Flag of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg |
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|image_coat = Coat of arms of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg |
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg |
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|image_map = Herzegovina-Neretva in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg |
| image_map = Herzegovina-Neretva in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg |
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|capital = [[Mostar]] |
| capital = [[Mostar]] |
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| latd = |
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|latd= | latm= | latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= <!--capital's latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction--> |
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| latm = |
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|largest_city = [[Mostar]] |
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| latNS = |
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|official_languages = [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] and [[Croatian language|Croatian]] |
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| longd = |
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|ethnic_groups = 53.29% [[Croats]]{{Clear}}41.44% [[Bosniaks]]{{Clear}}2.90% [[Serbs]]{{Clear}}2.37% others |
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| longm = |
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|ethnic_groups_year = 2013<ref>{{cite book|title=Sarajevo, juni 2016. CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013 FINAL RESULTS|publisher=BHAS|url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf|access-date=30 June 2016}}</ref> |
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| longEW = <!--capital's latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction--> |
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|religion = <!--Religion--> |
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| largest_city = [[Mostar]] |
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|demonym = |
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| official_languages = [[Croatian language|Croatian]] and [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] |
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|government_type = [[Parliamentary system]] |
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| ethnic_groups = 53.29% [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]]{{Clear}}41.44% [[Bosniaks]]{{Clear}}2.90% [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]]{{Clear}}2.37% others |
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|leader_title1 = [[List of heads of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton|Prime Minister]] |
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| ethnic_groups_year = 2013<ref>{{cite book|title=Sarajevo, juni 2016. CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013 FINAL RESULTS|publisher=BHAS|url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf|access-date=30 June 2016}}</ref> |
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|leader_name1 = [[Nevenko Herceg]] ([[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]]) |
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| religion = <!--Religion--> |
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|legislature = Assembly of the Herzegovina-Neretva County |
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| demonym = |
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|sovereignty_type = [[Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
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| government_type = [[Parliamentary system]] |
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|sovereignty_note = |
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| leader_title1 = [[List of heads of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton|Premier]] |
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|established_event1 = Establishment |
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| leader_name1 = [[Marija Buhač]] ([[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]]) |
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|established_date1 = 12 June 1996 |
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| legislature = Assembly of the Herzegovina-Neretva County |
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|established_event2 = <!--Second key event--> |
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| leader_title2 = President of Assembly |
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|established_date2 = <!--Date of second key event--> |
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| leader_name2 = Džafer Alić ([[Party of Democratic Action|SDA]]) |
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|area_rank = |
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| sovereignty_type = [[Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
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|area_km2 = 4401 |
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| sovereignty_note = |
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|area_sq_mi = 1699 |
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| established_event1 = Establishment |
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|percent_water = |
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| established_date1 = 12 June 1996 |
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|population_estimate = |
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| established_event2 = <!--Second key event--> |
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|population_estimate_rank = |
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| established_date2 = <!--Date of second key event--> |
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|population_estimate_year = |
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| area_rank = |
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|population_census = 222,007 |
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| area_km2 = 4401 |
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|population_census_year = 2013 |
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| area_sq_mi = 1699 |
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|population_density_km2 = 53.69 |
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| percent_water = |
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|population_density_sq_mi = 139.07 |
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| population_estimate = |
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|population_density_rank = |
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| population_estimate_rank = |
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|nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation--> |
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| population_estimate_year = |
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|GDP_PPP = <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)--> |
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| population_census = 222,007 |
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|GDP_PPP_rank = |
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| population_census_year = 2013 |
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|GDP_PPP_year =2019 |
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| population_density_km2 = 53.69 |
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|GDP_PPP_per_capita =17.112 [[US Dollar|USD]] |
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| population_density_sq_mi = 139.07 |
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|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |
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| population_density_rank = |
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|GDP_nominal = [[US Dollar|USD]] |
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| nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation--> |
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1 512,09 |
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| GDP_PPP = <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)--> |
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|GDP_nominal_rank = |
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| GDP_PPP_rank = |
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|GDP_nominal_year = 2019 |
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| GDP_PPP_year = 2022 |
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|GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[US Dollar|USD]] 6.982 |
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| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $20,532 |
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|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |
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| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |
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|Gini = <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)--> |
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| GDP_nominal = |
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|Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)--> |
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| GDP_nominal_rank = |
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|Gini_rank = |
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| GDP_nominal_year = 2022 |
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|Gini_year = |
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| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,871 |
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|HDI_year = <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |
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| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |
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|HDI = <!--(Human Development Index; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 1)--> |
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| Gini = <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)--> |
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|HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year--> |
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| Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)--> |
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|HDI_rank = |
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| Gini_rank = |
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|HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)--> |
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| Gini_year = |
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|currency = [[Bosnian mark|BAM]] |
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| HDI_year = 2019 |
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|currency_code = <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)--> |
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| HDI = 0.800 |
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|time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year--> |
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|utc_offset = +1 |
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| HDI_rank = |
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|time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
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| HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)--> |
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|utc_offset_DST = +2 |
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| currency = [[Bosnian mark|BAM]] |
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|date_format = dd-mm-yyyy |
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| currency_code = <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)--> |
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|drives_on = right |
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| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| utc_offset = +1 |
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| time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
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| utc_offset_DST = +2 |
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| date_format = dd-mm-yyyy |
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| drives_on = right |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Herzegovina-Neretva Canton''' ({{ |
The '''Herzegovina-Neretva Canton''' ({{langx|hr|Hercegovačko-neretvanska županija}};<ref name="Constitution (Croatian)">{{Cite web |url=http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/home.php?mod=ustav |title=The Constitution of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (Croatian) |access-date=2012-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924235748/http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/home.php?mod=ustav |archive-date=2011-09-24 |url-status=dead }})</ref> {{langx|bs|Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton}})<ref name="Constitution (Bosnian)">{{Cite web |url=http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/home.php?mod=ustav |title=The Constitution of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (Bosnian) |access-date=2012-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924235748/http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/home.php?mod=ustav |archive-date=2011-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is one of 10 [[cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. |
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The canton mainly comprises the [[Neretva]] river [[valley]] area and parts of [[Herzegovina]] west of [[Mostar]], its administrative center. |
The canton mainly comprises the [[Neretva]] river [[valley]] area and parts of [[Herzegovina]] west of [[Mostar]], its administrative center. It is one of the 4 cantons in the country with a Croatian majority (53.29%), although in the case of this territory it is more ethnically divided and is considered to have a mixed population. |
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== |
== History == |
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Before the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the present-day municipalities of East Mostar and Berkovići were part of Mostar and Stolac, while Ivanica was part of the municipality of Trebinje. |
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The canton is split into the municipalities of [[Čapljina]], [[Čitluk, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Čitluk]], [[Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Jablanica]], [[Konjic]], [[Mostar]], [[Neum]], [[Prozor-Rama]], [[Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ravno]] and [[Stolac]]. |
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The history of today's Herzegovina-Neretva Canton begins on 18 March 1994, with the signing of the [[Washington Agreement (1994)|Washington Agreement]]. The canton was officially constituted on 23 December 1996 as one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Skuhan, Jasmin (16. 4. 2012). "Ustav HNŽ". VLADA HNŽ-K.|url=http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/hr/ustav/ustav-hn%C5%BE|access-date=2021-05-28|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202211951/http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/hr/ustav/ustav-hn%C5%BE|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==Geography and features== |
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[[Image:Stari Most September 2004 4.jpg|thumb|left|250px| [[Stari Most]], [[Mostar]]]] |
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==Geography == |
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[[Image:Stari Most September 2004 4.jpg|thumb|left| [[Stari Most]], Mostar]] |
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The canton is the only canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina with access to the sea via the municipality of Neum. Neum is a town of 2,000 citizens (1991 census) and the area around the city is rich with historical and archeological remains of the [[Illyrians]], a people who lived in the Balkans for many thousands of years. |
The canton is the only canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina with access to the sea via the municipality of Neum. Neum is a town of 2,000 citizens (1991 census) and the area around the city is rich with historical and archeological remains of the [[Illyrians]], a people who lived in the Balkans for many thousands of years. |
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The largest city in the canton and the fifth largest city in the country is Mostar. Mostar is located on the banks of the Neretva river and is divided between Croats and Bosniaks. Mostar is known for its old bridge, [[Stari Most]], which was constructed by the area's [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rulers, who also brought Islam to the region. Bosnian Croat forces bombed and destroyed the bridge on November 8, 1993. Upon its destruction it had stood for 427 years and had become a symbol of a shared cultural heritage and "peaceful" co-existence. The bridge was reconstructed in the summer of 2004. The opening ceremony was attended by several foreign delegates including [[Stjepan Mesić]], the President of Croatia. |
The largest city in the canton and the fifth largest city in the country is Mostar. Mostar is located on the banks of the Neretva river and is divided between Croats and Bosniaks. Mostar is known for its old bridge, [[Stari Most]], which was constructed by the area's [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rulers, who also brought Islam to the region. Bosnian Croat forces bombed and destroyed the bridge on November 8, 1993. Upon its destruction, it had stood for 427 years and had become a symbol of a shared cultural heritage and "peaceful" co-existence. The bridge was reconstructed in the summer of 2004. The opening ceremony was attended by several foreign delegates including [[Stjepan Mesić]], the President of Croatia. |
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Other notable cities in this canton are Čapljina, Konjic, Jablanica and [[Međugorje]], the most significant Marian shrine in the region. Jablanica and Konjic are notable for battles which took place there during [[World War II]] and there is a large museum in Jablanica dedicated to these battles. |
Other notable cities in this canton are Čapljina, Konjic, Jablanica and [[Međugorje]], the most significant Marian shrine in the region. Jablanica and Konjic are notable for battles which took place there during [[World War II]] and there is a large museum in Jablanica dedicated to these battles. |
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The [[Neretva]] river runs through the cities of Konjic, Jablanica, Mostar and Čapljina before it flows through Croatia and into the Adriatic Sea. There are large lakes in the canton, such as the Jablanica lake located around the city Jablanica. The southernmost municipality in the canton is the Neum municipality which borders the Adriatic sea and the easternmost municipality is the Ravno municipality along the border with Croatia. |
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[[Image:Rama3.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Rama lake]] |
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===Municipalities=== |
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The [[Neretva]] river runs through the cities of Konjic, Jablanica, Mostar and Čapljina before it flows through Croatia and into the Adriatic Sea. There are large lakes in the canton such as the Jablanica lake located around the city Jablanica. The southernmost municipality in the canton is the Neum municipality which borders the Adriatic sea and the easternmost municipality is the Ravno municipality along the border with Croatia. |
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The canton is split into the municipalities of |
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[[File:Popovo Polje.JPG|thumb|Ravno Municipality]] |
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* [[Čapljina]], |
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* [[Čitluk, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Čitluk]], |
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* [[Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Jablanica]], |
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* [[Konjic]], |
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* [[Mostar]], |
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* [[Neum]], |
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* [[Prozor-Rama]], |
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* [[Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ravno]] |
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* and [[Stolac]]. |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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Of the ten cantons comprising the Federation of Bosnia Herzegovina, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of two cantons, the other being the [[Central Bosnia Canton]], nearly equally populated by [[Bosniak]]s and [[Croat]]s. In such cantons there are special legislative procedures for the protection of the constituent ethnic groups. |
Of the ten cantons comprising the Federation of Bosnia Herzegovina, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of two cantons, the other being the [[Central Bosnia Canton]], nearly equally populated by [[Bosniak]]s and [[Croat]]s. In such cantons there are special legislative procedures for the protection of the constituent ethnic groups. |
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[[Image:Rama3.jpg|thumb|Rama lake]] |
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Croats form a majority in the municipalities of Čapljina, Čitluk, Neum, Prozor-Rama and Ravno, and a relative majority in Stolac and Mostar according to the 2013 census. Bosniaks form an absolute majority in the municipalities of Jablanica and Konjic.<ref>http://www.statistika.ba/</ref> |
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Croats form a majority in the municipalities of Čapljina, Čitluk, Neum, Prozor-Rama and Ravno, and a relative majority in Stolac and Mostar according to the 2013 census. Bosniaks form an absolute majority in the municipalities of Jablanica and Konjic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistika.ba/ |title=Home |website=statistika.ba}}</ref> |
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===2013 Census=== |
===2013 Census=== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;" |
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|- |
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! rowspan="2" | Municipality |
! rowspan="2" | Municipality |
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! colspan="6" | Nationality |
! colspan="6" | Nationality |
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! rowspan="2" | |
! rowspan="2" | Total |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
! Bosniaks |
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! |
! % |
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! |
! Croats |
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! |
! % |
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! |
! Serbs |
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! |
! % |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Čapljina]] |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Čapljina]] |
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| |
| 4,541 || 17.36 |
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| 20,538 || 78.51 |
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| |
| 714 || 2.72 |
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| |
| 26,157 |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Čitluk, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Čitluk]] |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Čitluk, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Čitluk]] |
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| |
| 29 || 0.15 |
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| |
| 17,900 || 98.67 |
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| |
| 18 || 0.09 |
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| |
| 18,140 |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Jablanica]] |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Jablanica]] |
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| |
| 9,045 || 89.45 |
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| |
| 726 || 7.18 |
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| |
| 63 || 0.62 |
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| |
| 10,111 |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Konjic]] |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Konjic]] |
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| |
| 22,486 || 89.41 |
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| |
| 1,553 || 6.17 |
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| |
| 355 || 1.41 |
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| |
| 25,148 |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Mostar]] |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Mostar]] |
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| |
| 46,752 || 44.19 |
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| |
| 51,216 || 48.40 |
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| |
| 4,421 || 4.17 |
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| |
| 113,169 |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Neum]] |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Neum]] |
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| |
| 63 || 1.35 |
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| |
| 4,543 || 97.63 |
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| |
| 21 || 0.45 |
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| |
| 4,653 |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Prozor-Rama]] |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Prozor-Rama]] |
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| |
| 3,525 || 24.69 |
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| |
| 10,702 || 74.94 |
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| |
| 3 || 0.02 |
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| |
| 14,280 |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ravno]] |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ravno]] |
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| |
| 20 || 0.62 |
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| |
| 2,633 || 81.79 |
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| |
| 558 || 17.33 |
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| |
| 3,219 |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Stolac]] |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Stolac]] |
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| |
| 5,544 || 38.22 |
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| |
| 8,486 || 58.51 |
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| |
| 279 || 1.92 |
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| |
| 14,502 |
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|- |
|- |
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! Canton |
! Canton |
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| |
| 92,005 || 41.44 |
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| |
| 118,297 || 53.28 |
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| |
| 6,432 || 2.89 |
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| |
| 222,007 |
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|- |
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|} |
|} |
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[[File:Jezero, Bosnia and Herzegovina - panoramio (57).jpg|thumb|Konjic Municipality]] |
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== Politics and government == |
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According to the current law, the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. |
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The Herzegovina-Neretva Canton has its own [[Legislature|legislative]], executive and judicial powers. Like each of the cantons of FBiH, it has its own [[constitution]], assembly, government, symbols and has a number of exclusive competences (police, education, use of natural resources, spatial and housing policy, culture), while some competences are divided. between cantonal and federal authorities (health, social protection, [[transport]]). |
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The citizens of the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva vote for a total of 30 representatives in the Cantonal Assembly every four years in general elections. Based on the results of the [[2022 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina general election|2022 general election]], the current HNK government is formed by a coalition between the [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croatian Democratic Union]] (HDZ BiH), the [[Party of Democratic Action]] (SDA) and the [[Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|Social Democratic Party]] (SDP BiH).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-09|title=U Mostaru nakon devet godina imenovana nova Vlada HNK, činit će je HDZ, SDP i SDA|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/u-mostaru-nakon-devet-godina-imenovana-nova-vlada-hnk-cinit-ce-je-hdz-sdp-i-sda/231109086|access-date=2023-11-09|website=Klix.ba|language=bs-BA}}</ref> |
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At the local level, citizens of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton vote every four years in municipal elections for local government in four cities and five other municipalities. |
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== Economy == |
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The strongest industries by number of employees in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (as of August 2017) are wholesale and retail trade, [[manufacturing]], and hotels and restaurants. The economic headquarters of the canton is its capital, Mostar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistički bilten za Novembar 2017 (November 2017 Statistical Bulletin).|url=https://www.szzhnz-k.ba/pdf/bilteni/bs/2017/11.pdf}}</ref> |
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=== Industry === |
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After the tertiary sector, the manufacturing sector is the strongest sector of the economy of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. The strongest branches of this sector are the processing industry and [[electricity]] production. |
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The manufacturing industry has a total of 6,798 employees (August 2017). The strongest industries are military (e.g. Igman in Konjic), metal processing industry (e.g. [[Aluminij]] in Mostar) and [[food industry]] (e.g. Hepok in Mostar). |
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Electricity generation is also an important industry, this is carried out in the mainly in hydroelectric power plants on the Neretva River and its tributaries, which are mostly owned by [[Elektroprivreda HZ HB|Elektroprivreda HZHB]] (most of the electricity produced comes from these hydroelectric power plants). |
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=== Tourism === |
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[[File:BiH 2012 - Pocitelj (8144171214).jpg|thumb|Počitelj, Municipality of Čapljina]] |
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The canton of Herzegovina-Neretva, with its nature parks and numerous natural beauties, has great tourism potential. According to the Federal Statistical Office, in 2014 the canton was visited by 104,006 [[Tourism|foreign tourists]] and 208,647 overnight stays were made. The biggest tourist attractions in the region are the old town of Mostar, Blagaj near Mostar, Medjugorje and Neum (Bosnia and Herzegovina's only outlet to the sea).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton u brojkama (Canton of Herzegovina-Neretva in figures)|url=http://fzs.ba/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/KantBr7.pdf}}</ref> |
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== Transportation == |
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=== Roads === |
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The following main roads and highways pass through the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva: |
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* From west to east: Main road M2 (Klek-Zaton Doli), M6 (Grude-Trebinje) and M6.1 (Resanovci-Gacko). |
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* From south to north: [[highway]] A1 (Svilaj-Bijača), main road M17 (Bosanski Šamac-Čapljina) and M17.3 (Čapljina-Neum). |
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The total length of roads in the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva is 362.68 kilometers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mreža Magistralnih Cesta u FBiH|url=https://jpdcfbh.ba/bs/aktivnosti/mreza-magistralnih-cesta/37|access-date=2021-05-28|website=BIHAMK.BA|language=bs}}</ref> |
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=== Railroad === |
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The Ploče-Sarajevo railroad passes through the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, to which Konjic, Mostar, Jablanica and Čapljina are connected. The length of the railroad in the region is 126.2 kilometers, while the total number of [[railway]] stations and stops is 28, three of which are connected to the high-speed rail network. |
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=== Air traffic === |
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[[Mostar International Airport]] (OMO) is the third busiest airport in Bosnia and Herzegovina after Sarajevo and Tuzla airports, with a total of 53,618 [[passengers]] (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tuzla bilježi 30 puta više putnika od Banjaluke u martu, banjalučki aerodrom imao najmanje putnika u 2016.godini!|url=https://www.6yka.com/novosti/tuzla-biljezi-30-puta-vise-putnika-od-banjaluke-u-martu-banjalucki-aerodrom-imao-najmanje-putnika-u-2016godini|access-date=2021-05-28|website=www.6yka.com}}</ref> |
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== Education == |
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[[File:Faculty of Humanities, University of Mostar (4).jpg|thumb|[[Faculty of Humanities, University of Mostar]]]] |
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There are a total of 33 secondary schools (28 state and five private) and numerous elementary schools in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. There are a total of three universities in this canton: |
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* [[University of Mostar]] with 14,000 students and ten faculties. |
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* [[University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar]] with 3,000 students and eight faculties. |
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* Private university "Herzegovina" in Medjugorje and Mostar with two [[Faculty (division)|faculties]]. |
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==See also== |
== See also == |
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*[[List of heads of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton]] |
*[[List of heads of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton]] |
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{{Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |
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{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |
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Latest revision as of 12:03, 23 November 2024
Herzegovina-Neretva Canton Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton Херцеговачко-неретвански кантонHercegovačko-neretvanska županija | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
 | |
| Status | Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Capital and largest city | Mostar |
| Official languages | Croatian and Bosnian |
| Ethnic groups (2013[1]) | 53.29% Croats41.44% Bosniaks2.90% Serbs2.37% others |
| Government | Parliamentary system |
• Premier | Marija Buhač (HDZ BiH) |
• President of Assembly | Džafer Alić (SDA) |
| Legislature | Assembly of the Herzegovina-Neretva County |
| Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
• Establishment | 12 June 1996 |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,401 km2 (1,699 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2013 census | 222,007 |
• Density | 53.69/km2 (139.1/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Per capita | $20,532 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Per capita | $7,871 |
| HDI (2019) | 0.800 very high |
| Currency | BAM |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Drives on | right |
The Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (Croatian: Hercegovačko-neretvanska županija;[2] Bosnian: Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton)[3] is one of 10 cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The canton mainly comprises the Neretva river valley area and parts of Herzegovina west of Mostar, its administrative center. It is one of the 4 cantons in the country with a Croatian majority (53.29%), although in the case of this territory it is more ethnically divided and is considered to have a mixed population.
History
[edit]Before the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the present-day municipalities of East Mostar and Berkovići were part of Mostar and Stolac, while Ivanica was part of the municipality of Trebinje.
The history of today's Herzegovina-Neretva Canton begins on 18 March 1994, with the signing of the Washington Agreement. The canton was officially constituted on 23 December 1996 as one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[4]
Geography
[edit]
The canton is the only canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina with access to the sea via the municipality of Neum. Neum is a town of 2,000 citizens (1991 census) and the area around the city is rich with historical and archeological remains of the Illyrians, a people who lived in the Balkans for many thousands of years.
The largest city in the canton and the fifth largest city in the country is Mostar. Mostar is located on the banks of the Neretva river and is divided between Croats and Bosniaks. Mostar is known for its old bridge, Stari Most, which was constructed by the area's Ottoman rulers, who also brought Islam to the region. Bosnian Croat forces bombed and destroyed the bridge on November 8, 1993. Upon its destruction, it had stood for 427 years and had become a symbol of a shared cultural heritage and "peaceful" co-existence. The bridge was reconstructed in the summer of 2004. The opening ceremony was attended by several foreign delegates including Stjepan Mesić, the President of Croatia.
Other notable cities in this canton are Čapljina, Konjic, Jablanica and Međugorje, the most significant Marian shrine in the region. Jablanica and Konjic are notable for battles which took place there during World War II and there is a large museum in Jablanica dedicated to these battles.
The Neretva river runs through the cities of Konjic, Jablanica, Mostar and Čapljina before it flows through Croatia and into the Adriatic Sea. There are large lakes in the canton, such as the Jablanica lake located around the city Jablanica. The southernmost municipality in the canton is the Neum municipality which borders the Adriatic sea and the easternmost municipality is the Ravno municipality along the border with Croatia.
Municipalities
[edit]The canton is split into the municipalities of
Demographics
[edit]Of the ten cantons comprising the Federation of Bosnia Herzegovina, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of two cantons, the other being the Central Bosnia Canton, nearly equally populated by Bosniaks and Croats. In such cantons there are special legislative procedures for the protection of the constituent ethnic groups.
Croats form a majority in the municipalities of Čapljina, Čitluk, Neum, Prozor-Rama and Ravno, and a relative majority in Stolac and Mostar according to the 2013 census. Bosniaks form an absolute majority in the municipalities of Jablanica and Konjic.[5]
2013 Census
[edit]| Municipality | Nationality | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bosniaks | % | Croats | % | Serbs | % | ||
| Čapljina | 4,541 | 17.36 | 20,538 | 78.51 | 714 | 2.72 | 26,157 |
| Čitluk | 29 | 0.15 | 17,900 | 98.67 | 18 | 0.09 | 18,140 |
| Jablanica | 9,045 | 89.45 | 726 | 7.18 | 63 | 0.62 | 10,111 |
| Konjic | 22,486 | 89.41 | 1,553 | 6.17 | 355 | 1.41 | 25,148 |
| Mostar | 46,752 | 44.19 | 51,216 | 48.40 | 4,421 | 4.17 | 113,169 |
| Neum | 63 | 1.35 | 4,543 | 97.63 | 21 | 0.45 | 4,653 |
| Prozor-Rama | 3,525 | 24.69 | 10,702 | 74.94 | 3 | 0.02 | 14,280 |
| Ravno | 20 | 0.62 | 2,633 | 81.79 | 558 | 17.33 | 3,219 |
| Stolac | 5,544 | 38.22 | 8,486 | 58.51 | 279 | 1.92 | 14,502 |
| Canton | 92,005 | 41.44 | 118,297 | 53.28 | 6,432 | 2.89 | 222,007 |
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Politics and government
[edit]According to the current law, the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Herzegovina-Neretva Canton has its own legislative, executive and judicial powers. Like each of the cantons of FBiH, it has its own constitution, assembly, government, symbols and has a number of exclusive competences (police, education, use of natural resources, spatial and housing policy, culture), while some competences are divided. between cantonal and federal authorities (health, social protection, transport).
The citizens of the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva vote for a total of 30 representatives in the Cantonal Assembly every four years in general elections. Based on the results of the 2022 general election, the current HNK government is formed by a coalition between the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ BiH), the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP BiH).[6]
At the local level, citizens of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton vote every four years in municipal elections for local government in four cities and five other municipalities.
Economy
[edit]The strongest industries by number of employees in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (as of August 2017) are wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing, and hotels and restaurants. The economic headquarters of the canton is its capital, Mostar.[7]
Industry
[edit]After the tertiary sector, the manufacturing sector is the strongest sector of the economy of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. The strongest branches of this sector are the processing industry and electricity production.
The manufacturing industry has a total of 6,798 employees (August 2017). The strongest industries are military (e.g. Igman in Konjic), metal processing industry (e.g. Aluminij in Mostar) and food industry (e.g. Hepok in Mostar).
Electricity generation is also an important industry, this is carried out in the mainly in hydroelectric power plants on the Neretva River and its tributaries, which are mostly owned by Elektroprivreda HZHB (most of the electricity produced comes from these hydroelectric power plants).
Tourism
[edit].jpg)
The canton of Herzegovina-Neretva, with its nature parks and numerous natural beauties, has great tourism potential. According to the Federal Statistical Office, in 2014 the canton was visited by 104,006 foreign tourists and 208,647 overnight stays were made. The biggest tourist attractions in the region are the old town of Mostar, Blagaj near Mostar, Medjugorje and Neum (Bosnia and Herzegovina's only outlet to the sea).[8]
Transportation
[edit]Roads
[edit]The following main roads and highways pass through the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva:
- From west to east: Main road M2 (Klek-Zaton Doli), M6 (Grude-Trebinje) and M6.1 (Resanovci-Gacko).
- From south to north: highway A1 (Svilaj-Bijača), main road M17 (Bosanski Šamac-Čapljina) and M17.3 (Čapljina-Neum).
The total length of roads in the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva is 362.68 kilometers.[9]
Railroad
[edit]The Ploče-Sarajevo railroad passes through the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, to which Konjic, Mostar, Jablanica and Čapljina are connected. The length of the railroad in the region is 126.2 kilometers, while the total number of railway stations and stops is 28, three of which are connected to the high-speed rail network.
Air traffic
[edit]Mostar International Airport (OMO) is the third busiest airport in Bosnia and Herzegovina after Sarajevo and Tuzla airports, with a total of 53,618 passengers (2016).[10]
Education
[edit].jpg)
There are a total of 33 secondary schools (28 state and five private) and numerous elementary schools in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. There are a total of three universities in this canton:
- University of Mostar with 14,000 students and ten faculties.
- University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar with 3,000 students and eight faculties.
- Private university "Herzegovina" in Medjugorje and Mostar with two faculties.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Sarajevo, juni 2016. CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013 FINAL RESULTS (PDF). BHAS. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ^ "The Constitution of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (Croatian)". Archived from the original on 2011-09-24. Retrieved 2012-03-19.)
- ^ "The Constitution of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (Bosnian)". Archived from the original on 2011-09-24. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
- ^ "Skuhan, Jasmin (16. 4. 2012). "Ustav HNŽ". VLADA HNŽ-K". Archived from the original on 2017-12-02. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
- ^ "Home". statistika.ba.
- ^ "U Mostaru nakon devet godina imenovana nova Vlada HNK, činit će je HDZ, SDP i SDA". Klix.ba (in Bosnian). 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ^ "Statistički bilten za Novembar 2017 (November 2017 Statistical Bulletin)" (PDF).
- ^ "Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton u brojkama (Canton of Herzegovina-Neretva in figures)" (PDF).
- ^ "Mreža Magistralnih Cesta u FBiH". BIHAMK.BA (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2021-05-28.
- ^ "Tuzla bilježi 30 puta više putnika od Banjaluke u martu, banjalučki aerodrom imao najmanje putnika u 2016.godini!". www.6yka.com. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
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