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{{Short description|Second largest city in Scania, Sweden}}
{{Short description|Second largest city in Scania, Sweden}}
{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Helsingborg
|official_name = Helsingborg
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}}
}}


'''Helsingborg''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛ|l|s|ɪ|ŋ|b|ɔːr|ɡ}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|-|b|ɔːr|(|j|ə|)|,_|-|b|ɔːr|i|,_|ˌ|h|ɛ|l|s|ɪ|ŋ|ˈ|b|ɔːr|i}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Helsingborg|access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190502194401/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Helsingborg "Helsingborg"], [https://web.archive.org/web/20190502194410/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/H%25C3%25A4lsingborg "Hälsingborg"] (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Helsingborg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230172524/https://www.lexico.com/definition/helsingborg |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 December 2019 |title=Helsingborg |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Helsingborg|access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-sv|hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj|lang|sv-Helsingborg.ogg}}, is a [[Urban areas in Sweden|city]] and the seat of [[Helsingborg Municipality]], [[Scania County|Scania (Skåne)]], Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after [[Malmö]]) and [[List of urban areas in Sweden by population|ninth-largest]] in Sweden, with a population of 113,816 (2020). Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern [[Scania]] and Sweden's closest point to [[Denmark]]: the Danish city [[Helsingør]] is clearly visible about {{convert|4|km|abbr=on}} to the west on the other side of the [[Øresund]]. The [[HH Ferry route]] across the sound has more than 70 car ferry departures from each harbour every day.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}
'''Helsingborg''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛ|l|s|ɪ|ŋ|b|ɔːr|ɡ}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|-|b|ɔːr|(|j|ə|)|,_|-|b|ɔːr|i|,_|ˌ|h|ɛ|l|s|ɪ|ŋ|ˈ|b|ɔːr|i}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Helsingborg|access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190502194401/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Helsingborg "Helsingborg"], [https://web.archive.org/web/20190502194410/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/H%25C3%25A4lsingborg "Hälsingborg"] (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Helsingborg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230172524/https://www.lexico.com/definition/helsingborg |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 December 2019 |title=Helsingborg |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Helsingborg|access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|sv|hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj|lang|sv-Helsingborg.ogg}}), is a [[Urban areas in Sweden|city]] and the seat of [[Helsingborg Municipality]], [[Scania County|Scania (Skåne)]], Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after [[Malmö]]) and [[List of urban areas in Sweden by population|ninth-largest]] in Sweden, with a population of 151,404 (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Folkmängd och befolkningsförändringar - Kvartal 1, 2024 |url=https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/folkmangd-och-befolkningsforandringar---manad-kvartal-och-halvar/folkmangd-och-befolkningsforandringar---kvartal-1-2024/ |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=Statistikmyndigheten SCB |language=sv}}</ref> Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern [[Scania]] and Sweden's closest point to [[Denmark]]: the Danish city [[Helsingør]] is clearly visible about {{convert|4|km|abbr=on}} to the west on the other side of the [[Øresund]].


Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress ([[Kärnan]]) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. ''Kullagatan'', the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.
Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress ([[Kärnan]]) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. ''Kullagatan'', the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.


==History==
==History==
Helsingborg is one of the oldest cities of what is now Sweden. It has been the site of permanent settlement officially since 21 May 1085.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helsingborg.se/templates/StandardPage.aspx?id=549&epslanguage=EN |title=Helsingborgs stad – History of Helsingborg |publisher=Helsingborg.se |date=21 May 2007 |access-date=30 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808165355/http://helsingborg.se/templates/StandardPage.aspx?id=549 |archive-date=8 August 2007 }}</ref> Helsingborg's geographical position at the narrowest part of [[Øresund]] made it very important for [[Denmark]], at that time controlling both sides of that strait. From 1429 [[Eric of Pomerania]] introduced the [[Sound Dues]], a [[Tax|levy]] on all trading vessels passing ''through'' the sound between Helsingør and Helsingborg.<ref>Faringdon, Hugh. (1989) ''Strategic Geography'' Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-00980-4}}</ref> This was one of the main sources of income for the Danish Crown. Crossing traffic, like fishermen, were not subject to the tax, which was initially directed against the [[Hanseatic League]].{{cn|date=November 2023}}
Helsingborg is one of the oldest cities of what is now Sweden. It has been the site of permanent settlement officially since 21 May 1085.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helsingborg.se/templates/StandardPage.aspx?id=549&epslanguage=EN |title=Helsingborgs stad – History of Helsingborg |publisher=Helsingborg.se |date=21 May 2007 |access-date=30 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808165355/http://helsingborg.se/templates/StandardPage.aspx?id=549 |archive-date=8 August 2007 }}</ref> Helsingborg's geographical position at the narrowest part of [[Øresund]] made it very important for [[Denmark]], at that time controlling both sides of that strait. From 1429 [[Eric of Pomerania]] introduced the [[Sound Dues]], a [[Tax|levy]] on all trading vessels passing ''through'' the sound between Helsingør and Helsingborg.<ref>Faringdon, Hugh. (1989) ''Strategic Geography'' Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-00980-4}}</ref> This was one of the main sources of income for the Danish Crown. Crossing traffic, like fishermen, were not subject to the tax, which was initially directed against the [[Hanseatic League]].{{cn|date=November 2023}}[[File:Ser Reg Sueciae Aduentus Helsingburgi (cropped).jpg|thumb|left]]Following the [[Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658)]] and the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] Denmark had to give up all territory on the southern [[Scandinavian peninsula]], and Helsingborg became part of Sweden. King [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]] landed here on 5 March 1658 to take personal possession of the [[Scanian lands]] and was met by a delegation led by the [[bishop]] of the [[Diocese of Lund]], [[Peder Winstrup]]. At that time the town had a population of barely 1,000 people.<ref name="historia1">{{cite web |url=http://www2.historia.su.se/urbanhistory/cybcity/stad/helsingborg/befolkning.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041115172801/http://www.historia.su.se/urbanhistory/cybcity/stad/helsingborg/befolkning.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 November 2004 |title=CyberCity / Helsingborg / Befolkning |publisher=.historia.su.se |date=14 January 2008 |access-date=30 July 2010 }}</ref>

Following the [[Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658)]] and the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] Denmark had to give up all territory on the southern [[Scandinavian peninsula]], and Helsingborg became part of Sweden. King [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]] landed here on 5 March 1658 to take personal possession of the [[Scanian lands]] and was met by a delegation led by the [[bishop]] of the [[Diocese of Lund]], [[Peder Winstrup]]. At that time the town had a population of barely 1,000 people.<ref name="historia1">{{cite web |url=http://www2.historia.su.se/urbanhistory/cybcity/stad/helsingborg/befolkning.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041115172801/http://www.historia.su.se/urbanhistory/cybcity/stad/helsingborg/befolkning.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 November 2004 |title=CyberCity / Helsingborg / Befolkning |publisher=.historia.su.se |date=14 January 2008 |access-date=30 July 2010 }}</ref>


Its situation on a conflict-ridden border caused problems for Helsingborg. Denmark recaptured [[Scania]] twice, but could not hold it. The last Danish attempt to regain Scania was in 1710, when 14,000 men landed on the shores near Helsingborg. The [[Battle of Helsingborg (1710)|Battle of Helsingborg]] was fought on 10 March just outside the city, which was badly affected. It took a long time to recover; even in 1770 the city had only 1,321 inhabitants and was still growing slowly.<ref name="historia1"/>
Its situation on a conflict-ridden border caused problems for Helsingborg. Denmark recaptured [[Scania]] twice, but could not hold it. The last Danish attempt to regain Scania was in 1710, when 14,000 men landed on the shores near Helsingborg. The [[Battle of Helsingborg (1710)|Battle of Helsingborg]] was fought on 10 March just outside the city, which was badly affected. It took a long time to recover; even in 1770 the city had only 1,321 inhabitants and was still growing slowly.<ref name="historia1"/>


On 20 October 1811, [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]], [[Marshal of France]] and [[president-elect|crown prince-elect]] of Sweden (later king Charles XIV John) took his first step on Swedish soil in Helsingborg on his journey from Paris to [[Stockholm]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helsingborg.se/templates/StandardPage.aspx?id=80759&epslanguage=SV |title=Helsingborgs stad – Bernadotte jubileum 2010 |publisher=Helsingborg.se |date=12 April 2010 |access-date=30 July 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
On 20 October 1811, [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]], [[Marshal of France]] and [[president-elect|crown prince-elect]] of Sweden (later King Charles XIV John) took his first step on Swedish soil in Helsingborg on his journey from Paris to [[Stockholm]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helsingborg.se/templates/StandardPage.aspx?id=80759&epslanguage=SV |title=Helsingborgs stad – Bernadotte jubileum 2010 |publisher=Helsingborg.se |date=12 April 2010 |access-date=30 July 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


From the middle of the 19th century onwards, Helsingborg was one of the fastest-growing cities of Sweden, increasing its population from 4,000 in 1850 to 20,000 in 1890 and 56,000 in 1930 due to industrialization.{{cn|date=November 2023}} From 1892, a [[train ferry]] was put in service, connecting Helsingborg with its Danish sister city [[Helsingør]]. A [[trams|tramway]] network was inaugurated in 1903 and closed down in 1967.{{cn|date=November 2023}}
From the middle of the 19th century onwards, Helsingborg was one of the fastest-growing cities of Sweden, increasing its population from 4,000 in 1850 to 20,000 in 1890 and 56,000 in 1930 due to industrialization.{{cn|date=November 2023}} From 1892, a [[train ferry]] was put in service, connecting Helsingborg with its Danish sister city [[Helsingør]]. A [[trams|tramway]] network was inaugurated in 1903 and closed down in 1967.{{cn|date=November 2023}}
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Following the [[Swedish orthography]] reform of 1906, the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized. In 1912, it was decided to use the form ''Hälsingborg''. In preparation for the local government reform in 1971, Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new, enlarged municipality should be spelled ''Helsingborg''; this form was adopted by the [[government of Sweden]] from 1 January 1971.
Following the [[Swedish orthography]] reform of 1906, the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized. In 1912, it was decided to use the form ''Hälsingborg''. In preparation for the local government reform in 1971, Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new, enlarged municipality should be spelled ''Helsingborg''; this form was adopted by the [[government of Sweden]] from 1 January 1971.


In [[World War II]], Helsingborg was among the most important drop-off points for the rescue of Denmark's [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Jewish population]] during the [[Holocaust]]. [[Adolf Hitler]] had ordered that all Danish Jews were to be arrested and deported to the [[concentration camps]] on [[Rosh HaShanah]], the Jewish New Year which fell on 2 October 1943. When [[Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz]], a German maritime attaché received word of the order on 28 September 1943, he shared it with political and Jewish community leaders. Using the name [[Elsinore Sewing Club]] (Danish: Helsingør Syklub) as a cover for messages, the Danish population formed an [[underground railroad]] of sorts, moving Jews away from the closely watched [[Copenhagen]] docks to spots farther away, especially [[Helsingør]], just two miles across the Øresund from Helsingborg. Hundreds of civilians hid their fellow Danish citizens—Jews—in their houses, farm lofts and churches until they could board them onto Danish fishing boats, personal pleasure boats and ferry boats. In the span of three nights, Danes had smuggled over 7200 Jews and 680 non-Jews (gentile family members of Jews or political activists) across the Øresund, to safety in Sweden, with one of the main destinations at Helsingborg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/rescue-of-the-danish-jews-evacuation-effects.html|title=Rescue of the Danish Jews: Evacuation & Effects|access-date=24 November 2018|first1=Katie|last1=Streit|website=study.com|url-access=subscription|archive-date=24 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003651/https://study.com/academy/lesson/rescue-of-the-danish-jews-evacuation-effects.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In [[World War II]], Helsingborg was among the most important drop-off points for the rescue of Denmark's [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Jewish population]] during the [[Holocaust]]. [[Adolf Hitler]] had ordered that all Danish Jews were to be arrested and deported to the [[concentration camps]] on [[Rosh HaShanah]], the Jewish New Year which fell on 2 October 1943. When [[Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz]], a German maritime attaché received word of the order on 28 September 1943, he shared it with political and Jewish community leaders. Using the name [[Elsinore Sewing Club]] (Danish: Helsingør Syklub) as a cover for messages, the Danish population formed an [[Underground Railroad]] of sorts, moving Jews away from the closely watched [[Copenhagen]] docks to spots farther away, especially [[Helsingør]], just two miles across the Øresund from Helsingborg. Hundreds of civilians hid their fellow Danish citizens—Jews—in their houses, farm lofts and churches until they could board them onto Danish fishing boats, personal pleasure boats and ferry boats. In the span of three nights, Danes had smuggled over 7200 Jews and 680 non-Jews (gentile family members of Jews or political activists) across the Øresund, to safety in Sweden, with one of the main destinations at Helsingborg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/rescue-of-the-danish-jews-evacuation-effects.html|title=Rescue of the Danish Jews: Evacuation & Effects|access-date=24 November 2018|first1=Katie|last1=Streit|website=study.com|url-access=subscription|archive-date=24 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003651/https://study.com/academy/lesson/rescue-of-the-danish-jews-evacuation-effects.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Climate==
==Climate==
Helsingborg has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Cfb]]) typical of southern Sweden, although its winters are very mild for a location at such a high latitude. Although the temperature differences between seasons are significant, Helsingborg often lacks a [[meteorological winter]] with both January and February averaging just above the freezing point in terms of mean temperatures. Summers are warm and comparatively long by Swedish standards, with summer arriving earlier and fall later than virtually all areas of Sweden, aside from other parts of Skåne. Helsingborg & nearby surroundings also have a history with [[List of tornadoes striking downtown areas of large cities|being hit by tornadoes]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eswd.eu/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=18 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218011836/https://eswd.eu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 8 August 1947, a High-end F1/T3 [[Tornado]] hit the Ramlösa district of helsingborg, causing moderate damage to a farm. Greenhouses were damaged or destroyed, a stall sustained deroofing, a shed were blown away & a tree were snapped.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17171317102 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003171813/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17171317102 | archive-date=3 October 2023 | title=European Severe Weather Database }}</ref> On 16 August 2007, downtown helsingborg were impacted by an F1 Tornado, damaging a school & snapping trees.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=1724112073 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003172454/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=1724112073 | archive-date=3 October 2023 | title=European Severe Weather Database }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hd.se/2007-08-16/tromb-mitt-i-stan-slet-ner-tak |title=Tromb mitt i stan slet ner tak |date=16 August 2007 |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003193328/https://www.hd.se/2007-08-16/tromb-mitt-i-stan-slet-ner-tak |url-status=live }}</ref> On 22 June 2014, a [[Waterspout]] was observed outside helsingborg.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17301593717 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003173045/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17301593717 | archive-date=3 October 2023 | title=European Severe Weather Database }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140826010506/http://hd.se/skane/2014/06/22/tromb-over-viken/</ref> On 27 August 2018, the Eskilsminne district of helsingborg were hit by an F0 Tornado. Some roofs sustained minor damage.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17372646558 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003173819/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17372646558 | archive-date=3 October 2023 | title=European Severe Weather Database }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/vindfenomen/tromber-och-fallvindar/tromber-och-fallvindar-i-sverige-2015-1.88698 |title=Tromber och fallvindar i Sverige 2015-2019 &#124; SMHI |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528223000/https://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/vindfenomen/tromber-och-fallvindar/tromber-och-fallvindar-i-sverige-2015-1.88698 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hd.se/2018-08-27/misstankt-tromb-lyfte-studsmattor-pa-eskilsminne |title=Misstänkt tromb lyfte studsmattor på Eskilsminne |date=27 August 2018 |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215224754/https://www.hd.se/2018-08-27/misstankt-tromb-lyfte-studsmattor-pa-eskilsminne |url-status=live }}</ref>
Helsingborg has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Cfb]]) typical of southern Sweden, although its winters are very mild for a location at such a high latitude. Although the temperature differences between seasons are significant, Helsingborg often lacks a [[meteorological winter]] with both January and February averaging just above the freezing point in terms of mean temperatures. Summers are warm and comparatively long by Swedish standards, with summer arriving earlier and fall later than virtually all areas of Sweden, aside from other parts of Skåne. Helsingborg & nearby surroundings also have a history with [[List of tornadoes striking downtown areas of large cities|being hit by tornadoes]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eswd.eu/ |title=European Severe Weather Database |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=18 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218011836/https://eswd.eu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 8 August 1947, a High-end F1/T3 [[Tornado]] hit the Ramlösa district of Helsingborg, causing moderate damage to a farm. Greenhouses were damaged or destroyed, a stall sustained deroofing, a shed were blown away and a tree were snapped.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17171317102 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003171813/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17171317102 | archive-date=3 October 2023 | title=European Severe Weather Database }}</ref> On 16 August 2007, downtown Helsingborg were impacted by an F1 Tornado, damaging a school and snapping trees.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=1724112073 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003172454/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=1724112073 | archive-date=3 October 2023 | title=European Severe Weather Database }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hd.se/2007-08-16/tromb-mitt-i-stan-slet-ner-tak |title=Tromb mitt i stan slet ner tak |date=16 August 2007 |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003193328/https://www.hd.se/2007-08-16/tromb-mitt-i-stan-slet-ner-tak |url-status=live }}</ref> On 22 June 2014, a [[Waterspout]] was observed outside Helsingborg.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17301593717 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003173045/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17301593717 | archive-date=3 October 2023 | title=European Severe Weather Database }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://hd.se/skane/2014/06/22/tromb-over-viken/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826010506/http://hd.se/skane/2014/06/22/tromb-over-viken/ | archive-date=26 August 2014 | title=Tromb över Sundet - hd.se }}</ref> On 27 August 2018, the Eskilsminne district of Helsingborg were hit by an F0 Tornado. Some roofs sustained minor damage.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17372646558 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003173819/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=17372646558 | archive-date=3 October 2023 | title=European Severe Weather Database }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/vindfenomen/tromber-och-fallvindar/tromber-och-fallvindar-i-sverige-2015-1.88698 |title=Tromber och fallvindar i Sverige 2015-2019 &#124; SMHI |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528223000/https://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/vindfenomen/tromber-och-fallvindar/tromber-och-fallvindar-i-sverige-2015-1.88698 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hd.se/2018-08-27/misstankt-tromb-lyfte-studsmattor-pa-eskilsminne |title=Misstänkt tromb lyfte studsmattor på Eskilsminne |date=27 August 2018 |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215224754/https://www.hd.se/2018-08-27/misstankt-tromb-lyfte-studsmattor-pa-eskilsminne |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Helsingborg (2002–2022 averages), extremes since 1948
|location = Helsingborg (2002–2022 averages), extremes since 1948
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|Jul record high C = 33.2
|Jul record high C = 33.2
|Aug record high C = 32.4
|Aug record high C = 32.4
|Sep record high C = 27.5
|Sep record high C = 31.1
|Oct record high C = 22.5
|Oct record high C = 22.5
|Nov record high C = 16.6
|Nov record high C = 16.6
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== Cuisine ==
== Cuisine ==
The beverage [[espresso and tonic]] first appeared on a menu in the city, at the coffeehouse Koppi Roasters in 2007.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Deep Dive: What Is an Espresso Tonic? {{!}} Trade Coffee |url=https://www.drinktrade.com/blog/education/what-is-espresso-tonic |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=www.drinktrade.com |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601000947/https://www.drinktrade.com/blog/education/what-is-espresso-tonic |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2023 |title=Coffee Drinks Stake a Claim at the Bar - The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/dining/coffee-drinks-stake-a-claim-at-the-bar.html |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=web.archive.org |archive-date=19 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119014859/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/dining/coffee-drinks-stake-a-claim-at-the-bar.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
The beverage [[espresso and tonic]] first appeared on a menu in the city, at the coffeehouse Koppi Roasters in 2007.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Deep Dive: What Is an Espresso Tonic? {{!}} Trade Coffee |url=https://www.drinktrade.com/blog/education/what-is-espresso-tonic |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=www.drinktrade.com |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601000947/https://www.drinktrade.com/blog/education/what-is-espresso-tonic |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 November 2023 |title=Coffee Drinks Stake a Claim at the Bar - The New York Times |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/dining/coffee-drinks-stake-a-claim-at-the-bar.html |access-date=19 November 2023 |archive-date=19 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119014859/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/dining/coffee-drinks-stake-a-claim-at-the-bar.html |url-status=bot: unknown |last1=Strand |first1=Oliver }}</ref>


==Sports==
==Sports==
Line 249: Line 247:
* [[FC Drottninghög]]
* [[FC Drottninghög]]
* [[Eskilsminne IF]]
* [[Eskilsminne IF]]
* [[Helsingbors FRK]]
* [[Helsingborgs FRK]]
* [[Kullavägens BK]]
* [[Kullavägens BK]]
* [[Helsingborg BBK]]
* [[Helsingborg BBK]]
Line 258: Line 256:
==Notable people==
==Notable people==
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
*[[Hasse Alfredson]], comedian
*[[Bernt Olsson]], Chef
*[[Louise Hansson]], World champion swimmer
*[[Louise Hansson]], World champion swimmer
*[[Marianne Bernadotte]], former fashion model and actress
*[[Marianne Bernadotte]], former fashion model and actress
Line 271: Line 269:
*[[Elegant Machinery]], synth band
*[[Elegant Machinery]], synth band
*[[Pontus Farnerud]], football player
*[[Pontus Farnerud]], football player
*[[Linn Grant]], professional golfer
*[[Louise Friberg (golfer)|Louise Friberg]], professional golfer
*[[Louise Friberg (golfer)|Louise Friberg]], professional golfer
*[[Maja Ivarsson]], lead singer of rock band [[The Sounds]]
*[[Maja Ivarsson]], lead singer of rock band [[The Sounds]]
Line 301: Line 300:
*[[Kalle Svensson]], football player
*[[Kalle Svensson]], football player
*[[Terror 2000]], metal band
*[[Terror 2000]], metal band
*[[Tobias Tornkvist]] (born 1994), ice hockey player
*[[Tobias Törnkvist]], ice hockey player
*[[Tove Lo]], singer-songwriter
*[[Tove Lo]], singer-songwriter
*[[Velvet (singer)|Velvet]], singer
*[[Velvet (singer)|Velvet]], singer
*[[Östen Warnerbring]], musician
*[[Östen Warnerbring]], musician
*The [[Wasted Penguinz]], Pontus Bergman & Jon Brandt-Cederhäll
*The [[Wasted Penguinz]], DJ duo
*[[Johan Wissman]], athlete
*[[Johan Wissman]], athlete

}}
}}


Line 328: Line 326:


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Port of Helsingborg]]
*[[European route E4]]
*[[European route E4]]
*{{Lang|sv|[[Helsingborgs Dagblad]]}}
*{{Lang|sv|[[Helsingborgs Dagblad]]}}

Latest revision as of 14:16, 23 November 2024

For other uses, see Helsingborg (disambiguation).

Helsingborg
Top: Sofiero Palace, Second left: Kärnan, Second right: Rådhuset (Helsingborg City Hall), Third left: Dunker Culture House, Third right: Ramlösa mineral water source site, Bottom: A cruise terminal in Helsingborg Bredgatan Port
Top: Sofiero Palace, Second left: Kärnan, Second right: Rådhuset (Helsingborg City Hall), Third left: Dunker Culture House, Third right: Ramlösa mineral water source site, Bottom: A cruise terminal in Helsingborg Bredgatan Port
Coat of arms of Helsingborg
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Pearl of the strait
Helsingborg is located in Skåne
Helsingborg
Helsingborg
Helsingborg is located in Sweden
Helsingborg
Helsingborg
Coordinates: 56°03′N 12°43′E / 56.050°N 12.717°E / 56.050; 12.717
Country Sweden
Province Scania
CountySkåne County
MunicipalityHelsingborg Municipality
Charter1085
Area
 • Total
38.41 km2 (14.83 sq mi)
Population
 (2020-12-31)[1]
 • Total
113,816
 • Density2,529/km2 (6,550/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
25x xxx
Area code(+46) 42
Websitewww.helsingborg.se

Helsingborg (/ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːrɡ/, US also /-bɔːr(jə), -bɔːri, ˌhɛlsɪŋˈbɔːri/,[2][3][4] Swedish: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj] ⓘ), is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania (Skåne), Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö) and ninth-largest in Sweden, with a population of 151,404 (2024).[5] Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark: the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west on the other side of the Øresund.

Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.

History

[edit]

Helsingborg is one of the oldest cities of what is now Sweden. It has been the site of permanent settlement officially since 21 May 1085.[6] Helsingborg's geographical position at the narrowest part of Øresund made it very important for Denmark, at that time controlling both sides of that strait. From 1429 Eric of Pomerania introduced the Sound Dues, a levy on all trading vessels passing through the sound between Helsingør and Helsingborg.[7] This was one of the main sources of income for the Danish Crown. Crossing traffic, like fishermen, were not subject to the tax, which was initially directed against the Hanseatic League.[citation needed]

Following the Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658) and the Treaty of Roskilde Denmark had to give up all territory on the southern Scandinavian peninsula, and Helsingborg became part of Sweden. King Charles X Gustav of Sweden landed here on 5 March 1658 to take personal possession of the Scanian lands and was met by a delegation led by the bishop of the Diocese of Lund, Peder Winstrup. At that time the town had a population of barely 1,000 people.[8]

Its situation on a conflict-ridden border caused problems for Helsingborg. Denmark recaptured Scania twice, but could not hold it. The last Danish attempt to regain Scania was in 1710, when 14,000 men landed on the shores near Helsingborg. The Battle of Helsingborg was fought on 10 March just outside the city, which was badly affected. It took a long time to recover; even in 1770 the city had only 1,321 inhabitants and was still growing slowly.[8]

On 20 October 1811, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France and crown prince-elect of Sweden (later King Charles XIV John) took his first step on Swedish soil in Helsingborg on his journey from Paris to Stockholm.[9]

From the middle of the 19th century onwards, Helsingborg was one of the fastest-growing cities of Sweden, increasing its population from 4,000 in 1850 to 20,000 in 1890 and 56,000 in 1930 due to industrialization.[citation needed] From 1892, a train ferry was put in service, connecting Helsingborg with its Danish sister city Helsingør. A tramway network was inaugurated in 1903 and closed down in 1967.[citation needed]

Following the Swedish orthography reform of 1906, the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized. In 1912, it was decided to use the form Hälsingborg. In preparation for the local government reform in 1971, Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new, enlarged municipality should be spelled Helsingborg; this form was adopted by the government of Sweden from 1 January 1971.

In World War II, Helsingborg was among the most important drop-off points for the rescue of Denmark's Jewish population during the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler had ordered that all Danish Jews were to be arrested and deported to the concentration camps on Rosh HaShanah, the Jewish New Year which fell on 2 October 1943. When Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz, a German maritime attaché received word of the order on 28 September 1943, he shared it with political and Jewish community leaders. Using the name Elsinore Sewing Club (Danish: Helsingør Syklub) as a cover for messages, the Danish population formed an Underground Railroad of sorts, moving Jews away from the closely watched Copenhagen docks to spots farther away, especially Helsingør, just two miles across the Øresund from Helsingborg. Hundreds of civilians hid their fellow Danish citizens—Jews—in their houses, farm lofts and churches until they could board them onto Danish fishing boats, personal pleasure boats and ferry boats. In the span of three nights, Danes had smuggled over 7200 Jews and 680 non-Jews (gentile family members of Jews or political activists) across the Øresund, to safety in Sweden, with one of the main destinations at Helsingborg.[10]

Climate

[edit]

Helsingborg has an oceanic climate (Cfb) typical of southern Sweden, although its winters are very mild for a location at such a high latitude. Although the temperature differences between seasons are significant, Helsingborg often lacks a meteorological winter with both January and February averaging just above the freezing point in terms of mean temperatures. Summers are warm and comparatively long by Swedish standards, with summer arriving earlier and fall later than virtually all areas of Sweden, aside from other parts of Skåne. Helsingborg & nearby surroundings also have a history with being hit by tornadoes.[11] On 8 August 1947, a High-end F1/T3 Tornado hit the Ramlösa district of Helsingborg, causing moderate damage to a farm. Greenhouses were damaged or destroyed, a stall sustained deroofing, a shed were blown away and a tree were snapped.[12] On 16 August 2007, downtown Helsingborg were impacted by an F1 Tornado, damaging a school and snapping trees.[13][14] On 22 June 2014, a Waterspout was observed outside Helsingborg.[15][16] On 27 August 2018, the Eskilsminne district of Helsingborg were hit by an F0 Tornado. Some roofs sustained minor damage.[17][18][19]

Climate data for Helsingborg (2002–2022 averages), extremes since 1948
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8) 		15.3
(59.5) 		18.0
(64.4) 		26.0
(78.8) 		28.1
(82.6) 		30.9
(87.6) 		33.2
(91.8) 		32.4
(90.3) 		31.1
(88.0) 		22.5
(72.5) 		16.6
(61.9) 		12.0
(53.6) 		33.2
(91.8)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 8.0
(46.4) 		8.6
(47.5) 		14.0
(57.2) 		19.3
(66.7) 		24.7
(76.5) 		27.5
(81.5) 		29.4
(84.9) 		28.4
(83.1) 		23.7
(74.7) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.5
(54.5) 		9.0
(48.2) 		30.1
(86.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.0
(37.4) 		3.3
(37.9) 		6.9
(44.4) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		20.7
(69.3) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.3
(72.1) 		18.3
(64.9) 		12.6
(54.7) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.4
(39.9) 		12.7
(54.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.8
(33.4) 		0.5
(32.9) 		3.4
(38.1) 		7.9
(46.2) 		13.3
(55.9) 		16.0
(60.8) 		18.1
(64.6) 		17.7
(63.9) 		14.4
(57.9) 		9.6
(49.3) 		5.8
(42.4) 		2.4
(36.3) 		9.2
(48.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		3.2
(37.8) 		7.5
(45.5) 		11.2
(52.2) 		13.4
(56.1) 		13.4
(56.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		6.5
(43.7) 		3.6
(38.5) 		0.4
(32.7) 		5.6
(42.0)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −10.3
(13.5) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		1.1
(34.0) 		6.1
(43.0) 		9.0
(48.2) 		8.1
(46.6) 		4.2
(39.6) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−7.6
(18.3) 		−12.8
(9.0)
Record low °C (°F) −21.7
(−7.1) 		−20.5
(−4.9) 		−18.8
(−1.8) 		−8.7
(16.3) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		3.0
(37.4) 		4.4
(39.9) 		5.4
(41.7) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−22.0
(−7.6) 		−22.0
(−7.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 52.1
(2.05) 		43.8
(1.72) 		37.0
(1.46) 		27.5
(1.08) 		49.5
(1.95) 		67.2
(2.65) 		72.0
(2.83) 		87.0
(3.43) 		51.2
(2.02) 		69.8
(2.75) 		55.3
(2.18) 		60.5
(2.38) 		672.9
(26.5)
Source 1: SMHI Open Data[20]
Source 2: SMHI Monthly Data 2002–2022[21]

Demographics

[edit]

113,816 live in the city of Helsingborg as of 2020, up from 104,250 inhabitants in 2015.[1] 149,280 live in the municipality, with the city being by far the most populated one. Helsingborg is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö) and ninth-largest in Sweden.

Subdivisions

[edit]

The City of Helsingborg is subdivided into 31 districts.

The districts of Helsingborg (Classification and census from 9 January 2006)
1 Norr (3600) 12 Centrum (3347) 22 Närlunda (1125) Map of the districts of Helsingborg
2 Mariastaden (2302) 13 Eneborg (3816) 23 Eskilsminne (1835)
3 Ringstorp (2802) 14 Wilson Park (1988) 24 Gustavslund (2772)
4 Berga (1720) 15 Rosengården (4388) 25 Planteringen (2663)
5 Drottninghög (2708) 16 Husensjö (1564) 26 Elineberg (2115)
6 Dalhem (4530) 17 Sofieberg (1606) 27 Ramlösa (4593)
7* Tågaborg (7113) 18 Adolfsberg (4319) 28 Miatorp (2406)
8 Stattena (2549) 19 Söder (3665) 29 Högasten (1034)
9 Fredriksdal (4202) 20 Högaborg (4017) 30 Ättekulla (3274)
10 Slottshöjden (3621) 21 Fältabacken (930) 31 Råå (3021)
11 Olympia (1843)

Economy

[edit]

Industry

[edit]

Helsingborg is a major regional centre of trade, transport and business. In 2001 Campus Helsingborg, a branch of University of Lund, opened in the former Tretorn rubber factory buildings, founded by Henry Dunker. Three ferry companies take people and cargo to and from Denmark around the clock. The route is popular with day-trippers going to Helsingør or Copenhagen, or simply enjoying the views from the ferries.[citation needed] IKEA, the retailer of furniture and home interiors, has its international corporate headquarters in Helsingborg. Nicorette, the nicotine chewing gum, has a manufacturing plant there.[citation needed] Ramlösa is a mineral water from Ramlösa Brunn, a southern suburb of the city. Mobile phone developer Spectronic is also situated in Helsingborg. The online custom clothing retailer Tailor Store Sweden AB has its offices in Helsingborg. Zoégas, a major coffee company, has been located here since the 1800s.[22]

Cuisine

[edit]

The beverage espresso and tonic first appeared on a menu in the city, at the coffeehouse Koppi Roasters in 2007.[23][24]

Sports

[edit]

The following sports clubs are located in Helsingborg:

The Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) and World Bowling Tour (WBT) have jointly hosted a ten-pin bowling event in Sweden since 2017 called the Lucky Larsen Masters. Olympia Bowling in Helsingborg hosted the event in 2019, and is scheduled to host again in September 2023.[25]

Notable people

[edit]

Sights

[edit]
  • Helsingborg waterfront
    Helsingborg waterfront
  • The northern harbour for yachts in Helsingborg
    The northern harbour for yachts in Helsingborg
  • The Helsingborg city hall
    The Helsingborg city hall
  • Steps leading to Kärnan, central Helsingborg, close by the water front.
    Steps leading to Kärnan, central Helsingborg, close by the water front.
  • The Church of Saint Mary, central Helsingborg
    The Church of Saint Mary, central Helsingborg
  • Brunnsparkshotellet, Ramlösa
    Brunnsparkshotellet, Ramlösa
  • Ramlösa mineral water, old spring from 1707
    Ramlösa mineral water, old spring from 1707
  • The ferry Hamlet on the Öresund between Helsingborg and Helsingør
    The ferry Hamlet on the Öresund between Helsingborg and Helsingør
  • Kärnan, the medieval tower
    Kärnan, the medieval tower
  • View over Helsingborg from Kärnan
    View over Helsingborg from Kärnan
  • View over Helsingborg from Kärnan
    View over Helsingborg from Kärnan
  • Jørn Utzon's Elineberg Housing development
    Jørn Utzon's Elineberg Housing development
  • Swimming baths and sauna, Pålsjöbaden
    Swimming baths and sauna, Pålsjöbaden

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Localities 2018; population, land area, population density". Statistics Sweden. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Helsingborg". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  3. ^ "Helsingborg", "Hälsingborg" (US) and "Helsingborg". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019.
  4. ^ "Helsingborg". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  5. ^ "Folkmängd och befolkningsförändringar - Kvartal 1, 2024". Statistikmyndigheten SCB (in Swedish). Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  6. ^ "Helsingborgs stad – History of Helsingborg". Helsingborg.se. 21 May 2007. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  7. ^ Faringdon, Hugh. (1989) Strategic Geography Routledge. ISBN 0-415-00980-4
  8. ^ a b "CyberCity / Helsingborg / Befolkning". .historia.su.se. 14 January 2008. Archived from the original on 15 November 2004. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  9. ^ "Helsingborgs stad – Bernadotte jubileum 2010". Helsingborg.se. 12 April 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  10. ^ Streit, Katie. "Rescue of the Danish Jews: Evacuation & Effects". study.com. Archived from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  11. ^ "European Severe Weather Database". Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  12. ^ "European Severe Weather Database". Archived from the original on 3 October 2023.
  13. ^ "European Severe Weather Database". Archived from the original on 3 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Tromb mitt i stan slet ner tak". 16 August 2007. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  15. ^ "European Severe Weather Database". Archived from the original on 3 October 2023.
  16. ^ "Tromb över Sundet - hd.se". Archived from the original on 26 August 2014.
  17. ^ "European Severe Weather Database". Archived from the original on 3 October 2023.
  18. ^ "Tromber och fallvindar i Sverige 2015-2019 | SMHI". Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  19. ^ "Misstänkt tromb lyfte studsmattor på Eskilsminne". 27 August 2018. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  20. ^ "Ladda ner meteorologiska observationer". Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  21. ^ "Års- och månadsstatistik". Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (in Swedish). 10 February 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  22. ^ "Zoégas – Om Zoégas". zoegas.se. 12 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  23. ^ "Deep Dive: What Is an Espresso Tonic? | Trade Coffee". www.drinktrade.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  24. ^ Strand, Oliver (19 November 2023). "Coffee Drinks Stake a Claim at the Bar - The New York Times". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  25. ^ "2023 PBA Tour Schedule". pba.com. 29 January 2023. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
[edit]
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