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{{Short description|Transitional Turkic dialect of Iran}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Sonqori
| name = Sonqori
|nativename=سؤنقؤر دیلی
| nativename = سؤنقؤر دیلی
|states=Iran
| states = Iran
|region=[[Sonqor County]]
| region = [[Sonqor County]]
|speakers=?
| speakers = about 40,000
|date=
| date = no date
| ref = {{sfn|Borjian|2017}}
|ref=

|familycolor=Altaic
| familycolor = Altaic
|fam1=[[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
|fam2=[[Common Turkic languages|Common Turkic]]
| fam1 = [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
|fam3=[[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]]
| fam2 = [[Common Turkic languages|Common Turkic]]
| fam3 = [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]]
|fam4=Western Oghuz
| fam4 = Southern Oghuz{{sfn|Knüppel|2000}}
|fam5=[[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]
| iso3 = none
|fam6=[[South Azerbaijani language|South Azerbaijani]]
| iso3comment = (included in {{ISO 639|azb|link=yes}} [azb])
|isoexception = dialect
|glotto=none
| glotto = sonq1234
}}
}}


'''Sonqori''', also known as ''Sonqori Turkic,'' is a [[Azerbaijani language dialects|dialect]] of [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] spoken alongside Kurdish in [[Sonqor]] (Sunqur), east of [[Kermanshah Province|Kermānšāh]], in a large valley separated from the rest of Kurdistan.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Michael Knüppel |first=E. | title= TURKIC LANGUAGES OF PERSIA: AN OVERVIEW | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] | accessdate=2013-09-20|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/turkic-languages-overview}}</ref>
'''Sonqori''', also known as '''Sonqori Turkic''', is a [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] dialect spoken in [[Sonqor]] (Sunqur), east of [[Kermanshah Province|Kermānšāh]], in a large valley separated from the rest of Kurdistan.<ref>{{harvnb|Knüppel|2000}}: "Next to Qašqāʾi and Äynallu, Sonqori is worth mentioning as another dialect of the Southern-Oghuz group."</ref>

According to the [[Turkologist]] Michael Knüppel, Sonqori is one of the Southern Oghuz dialects of Iran alongside [[Qashqai language|Qashqai]] and Äynallu. He notes that K. H. Menges had already characterized Sonqori, together with Qashqai and Äynallu, as a transitional form between [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] and [[Khorasani Turkic]].{{sfn|Knüppel|2000}}

Turkologist [[Gerhard Doerfer]] identifies Sonqori as a possible dialect of Azerbaijani, or as a distinctive variety of Southern Oghuz/Afshar.{{sfn|Doerfer|1988}}{{sfn|Doerfer|Hesche|1989}} [[Ethnologue]] and [[Glottolog]] list it as a [[Azerbaijani language#South Azerbaijani|South Azerbaijani]] dialect.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijani, South|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/azb|website=Ethnologue|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Glottolog 4.7 - Sonqor |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sonq1234 |website=glottolog.org |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref>

Knowledge of the dialect was scant prior to the expeditions of the [[University of Göttingen]].{{sfn|Knüppel|2000}}

About 40,000 speakers of Sonqori exist in the Sonqor area.{{sfn|Borjian|2017}}

==Phonology==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+'''Consonant phonemes'''
|-
!| &nbsp;
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! colspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
!| [[Plosive]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|p}}~pʰ || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA|b}}~p
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|t}}~tʰ || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA|d}}~t
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|k}}~{{IPA|k}}ʰ || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA|ɡ}}~{{IPA|k}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|q}}~ɢ || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
!| [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}}/{{IPA|t͡ʃ}}ʰ || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}/{{IPA|t͡ʃ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
!| [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|f}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA|v}}~w
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|s}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA|z}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|x}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA|ɣ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|h}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
!| [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|colspan="2" style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|m}}
|colspan="2" style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|n}}
|colspan="2" style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|colspan="2" style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|ŋ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
!| [[Flap consonant|Flap]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|colspan="2" style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|r}}~ɾ
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
!| [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|colspan="2" style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|l}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
!| [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|colspan="2" style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA|j}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|}

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
|+ Vowels
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[Roundedness|unrounded]]}} || {{small|rounded}}
! {{small|unrounded}} || {{small|rounded}}
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}}
| {{IPA link|y}}
| {{IPA link|ɯ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| {{IPA link|e̞|e}}
| {{IPA link|ø̞|ø}}
|
| {{IPA link|o̞|o}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| {{IPA link|æ}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɑ}}
| {{IPA link|ɒ}}
|}


==References==
==References==
{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFBorjian2017|CITEREFKnüppel2000|CITEREFDoerfer1988 }}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== Literature ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sonqori Language}}
* {{Encyclopædia Iranica Online|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/turkic-languages-overview|title=TURKIC LANGUAGES OF PERSIA: AN OVERVIEW|first=Michael|last=Knüppel|year=2000|access-date=14 February 2023}}
* {{Encyclopædia Iranica Online|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-viii|title=AZERBAIJAN viii. Azeri Turkish|first=Gerhard|last=Doerfer|year=1988|access-date=14 February 2023}}
* {{cite book |last1=Doerfer |first1=Gerhard |last2=Hesche |first2=Wolfram |title=Südoghusische Materialen aus Afghanistan und Iran |date=1989 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |location=Wiesbaden |isbn=9783447027861}}
* {{Encyclopædia Iranica Online|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kermanshah-07-languages|title=KERMANSHAH vii. LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS|first=Habib|last=Borjian|year=2017|access-date=14 February 2023}}
{{Turkic languages}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sonqori Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Iran]]
[[Category:Languages of Iran]]
[[Category:Oghuz languages]]
[[Category:Azerbaijani language dialects]]
[[Category:Azerbaijani language dialects]]
[[Category:Turkic languages]]



{{Turkic-lang-stub}}
{{Turkic-lang-stub}}
{{Iran-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:42, 23 November 2024

Sonqori
سؤنقؤر دیلی
Native toIran
RegionSonqor County
Native speakers
(undated figure of about 40,000)[1]
Turkic
Language codes
ISO 639-3(included in South Azerbaijani [azb])
Glottologsonq1234

Sonqori, also known as Sonqori Turkic, is a Turkic dialect spoken in Sonqor (Sunqur), east of Kermānšāh, in a large valley separated from the rest of Kurdistan.[3]

According to the Turkologist Michael Knüppel, Sonqori is one of the Southern Oghuz dialects of Iran alongside Qashqai and Äynallu. He notes that K. H. Menges had already characterized Sonqori, together with Qashqai and Äynallu, as a transitional form between Azerbaijani and Khorasani Turkic.[2]

Turkologist Gerhard Doerfer identifies Sonqori as a possible dialect of Azerbaijani, or as a distinctive variety of Southern Oghuz/Afshar.[4][5] Ethnologue and Glottolog list it as a South Azerbaijani dialect.[6][7]

Knowledge of the dialect was scant prior to the expeditions of the University of Göttingen.[2]

About 40,000 speakers of Sonqori exist in the Sonqor area.[1]

Phonology

[edit]
Consonant phonemes
  Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Plosive p~pʰ b~p t~tʰ d~t     k~kʰ ɡ~k q~ɢ      
Affricate         t͡ʃ/t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ/t͡ʃ            
Fricative f v~w s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ     h  
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ        
Flap     r~ɾ                
Lateral     l                
Approximant         j            

Vowels

[edit]
Vowels
Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close i y ɯ u
Mid e ø o
Open æ ɑ ɒ

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Borjian 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Knüppel 2000.
  3. ^ Knüppel 2000: "Next to Qašqāʾi and Äynallu, Sonqori is worth mentioning as another dialect of the Southern-Oghuz group."
  4. ^ Doerfer 1988.
  5. ^ Doerfer & Hesche 1989.
  6. ^ "Azerbaijani, South". Ethnologue. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  7. ^ "Glottolog 4.7 - Sonqor". glottolog.org. Retrieved 14 February 2023.

Literature

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