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{{Infobox weapon
{{Short description|German tank weapon}}{{Infobox weapon
|name=5 cm KwK 38 (L/42)
|name=5 cm KwK 38 (L/42)
|image=PzKpfwIIIH.Saumur.000a1y8q.jpeg
|image=PzKpfwIIIH.Saumur.000a1y8q.jpeg
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|design_date=
|design_date=
|manufacturer=
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost= 8000 [[Reichmark]]
|unit_cost= 8,000 [[Reichsmark|RM]]
|production_date=
|production_date=
|number=
|number=
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}}
}}


The '''5&nbsp;cm KwK 38 L/42''' ''(5&nbsp;cm [[Kampfwagenkanone]] 38 L/42)'' was a German 50&nbsp;mm [[Caliber|calibre]] [[cannon]] used as the main armament of variants of the German [[Panzer III|Sd.Kfz. 141 Panzerkampfwagen III]] [[medium tank]] during the [[Second World War]]. There was no towed anti-tank gun equivalent.<ref name="m3 vs pzr3">{{Cite book|title=M3 Medium Tank Vs Panzer III: Kasserine Pass 1943 |series=Duel 10|url=https://archive.org/details/mmediumtankvspan1943rott |url-access=limited |first=Gordon L. |last=Rottman |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2008 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mmediumtankvspan1943rott/page/n12 20] |isbn=978-1-84603-261-5}}</ref>
The '''5&nbsp;cm KwK 38 L/42''' ''(''5&nbsp;cm ''[[Kampfwagenkanone]]'' 38 L/42'')'' was a German 50&nbsp;mm 42 calibre [[cannon]] used as the main armament of variants of the German [[Panzer III]] medium tank during the [[Second World War]]. The towed anti-tank gun equivalent was the PaK.37 of which 2,600 were produced from 1937 until 1940.<ref name="m3 vs pzr3">{{Cite book|title=M3 Medium Tank Vs Panzer III: Kasserine Pass 1943 |series=Duel 10|url=https://archive.org/details/mmediumtankvspan1943rott |url-access=limited |first=Gordon L. |last=Rottman |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2008 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mmediumtankvspan1943rott/page/n12 20] |isbn=978-1-84603-261-5}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Panzer III Ausf. F 5 cm Kampfwagenkanone 39 L60 right.jpg|thumb|right|Breech of a 5 cm KwK 38 L/42 in a [[Panzer III]] Ausf. F]]
⚫
The Panzer III was intended to fight other tanks; in the initial design stage a {{convert|50|mm|in|2|adj=on}} gun was specified. However, the infantry at the time were being equipped with the {{convert|37|mm|in|2|abbr=on|adj=on}} [[3.7 cm Pak 36|3.7 cm PaK 36]], and it was thought that, in the interest of standardization, the tanks should carry the same armament. As a compromise, the turret ring was made large enough to accommodate a {{convert|50|mm|in|2|abbr=on|adj=on}} gun should a future upgrade be required. This single decision later assured the Panzer III a prolonged life in the [[German Army (1935–1945)|German Army]].<ref name=P4>Perrett (1999), p. 4.</ref>


⚫
The early Panzer III ''Ausf.'' A to early ''Ausf.'' G were equipped with a [[3.7 cm KwK 36|3.7 cm KwK 36 L/45]], which proved adequate during the campaigns of 1939 and 1940.<ref>Perrett (1999), p. 6.</ref> In response to increasingly better armed and armored opponents, the later Panzer III ''Ausf.'' F to ''Ausf.'' J were upgraded with the 5 cm KwK 38 L/42.<ref>Perrett (1999), p. 7.</ref> And the later Panzer III ''Ausf.'' J¹ to M went with the longer [[5 cm KwK 39|5 cm KwK 39 L/60]] gun.<ref>Perrett (1999), p. 8.</ref>
⚫
The Panzer III was intended to fight other tanks; in the initial design stage a {{convert|50|mm|in|2|adj=on}} gun was specified. However, the infantry at the time were being equipped with the {{convert|37|mm|in|2|adj=on}} [[PaK 36]], and it was thought that, in the interest of standardization, the tanks should carry the same armament. As a compromise, the turret ring was made large enough to accommodate a {{convert|50|mm|in|2|adj=on}} gun should a future upgrade be required. This single decision later assured the Panzer III a prolonged life in the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]].<ref name=P4>Perrett (1999), p. 4.</ref>

⚫
The early Panzer III Ausf. A to early Ausf. G were equipped with a [[3.7 cm KwK 36|3.7 cm KwK 36 L/45]], which proved adequate during the campaigns of 1939 and 1940.<ref>Perrett (1999), p. 6.</ref> In response to increasingly better armed and armored opponents, the later Panzer III Ausf. F to Ausf. J were upgraded with the [[5 cm KwK 38|5 cm KwK 38 L/42]].<ref>Perrett (1999), p. 7.</ref> And the later Panzer III Ausf. J¹ to M went with the longer [[5 cm KwK 39|5 cm KwK 39 L/60]] gun.<ref>Perrett (1999), p. 8.</ref>


==Ammunition==
==Ammunition==
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! {{cvt|100|m}} !! {{cvt|500|m}} !! {{cvt|1000|m}} !! {{cvt|1500|m}}
! Range !! {{cvt|100|m|disp=br()}} !! {{cvt|500|m|disp=br()}} !! {{cvt|1000|m|disp=br()}} !! {{cvt|1500|m|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
! Penetration
| {{cvt|53|mm}} || {{cvt|43|mm}} || {{cvt|32|mm}} || {{cvt|24|mm}}
| {{cvt|53|mm}} || {{cvt|43|mm}} || {{cvt|32|mm}} || {{cvt|24|mm}}
|}
|}


;PzGr. 39 ([[Armour-piercing, capped, ballistic cap]])
;[[Panzergranate 39|PzGr. 39]] ([[Armour-piercing, capped, ballistic cap]])
* '''Weight of projectile''': 2.06&nbsp;kg
* '''Weight of projectile''': 2.06&nbsp;kg
* '''Muzzle velocity''': 685&nbsp;m/s
* '''Muzzle velocity''': 685&nbsp;m/s
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! 100&nbsp;m !! 500&nbsp;m !! 1000&nbsp;m !! 1500&nbsp;m
! Range !! {{cvt|100|m|disp=br()}} !! {{cvt|500|m|disp=br()}}!! {{cvt|1000|m|disp=br()}} !! {{cvt|1500|m|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
! Penetration
| {{cvt|55|mm}} || {{cvt|47|mm}} || {{cvt|37|mm}} || {{cvt|28|mm}}
| {{cvt|55|mm}} || {{cvt|47|mm}} || {{cvt|37|mm}} || {{cvt|28|mm}}
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Range !! {{cvt|100|m|disp=br()}} !! {{cvt|500|m|disp=br()}} !! {{cvt|1000|m|disp=br()}} !! {{cvt|1500|m|disp=br()}}
! 100&nbsp;m !! 500&nbsp;m
|-
|-
! Penetration
⚫
| {{cvt|94|mm}} || 55&nbsp;mm
| {{cvt|94|mm}} || {{cvt|55|mm}} || — || —
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; width: 100%"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; width: 100%"
|+Calculated penetration (at 90 degrees) using American and British 50% success criteria,<br>and allowing comparison to performance of other guns.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bird |first1=Lorrin Rexford|last2=Livingston|first2=Robert D.|title=WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery|date=2001|publisher=Overmatch Press|page=61}}</ref>
|+Estimated penetration (at 90 degrees) using American and British 50% success criteria,<br>and allowing comparison to performance of other guns.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bird |first1=Lorrin Rexford|last2=Livingston|first2=Robert D.|title=WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery|date=2001|publisher=Overmatch Press|page=61}}</ref>
! rowspan=2|Ammunition type
! rowspan=2|Ammunition type
! rowspan=2|Muzzle velocity||colspan=10|Penetration
! rowspan=2|Muzzle velocity||colspan=10|Penetration
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! {{cvt|2000|m}}
! {{cvt|2000|m}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Pzgr. 39 APCBC
|style="text-align:center"| AP
|style="text-align:center"|685&nbsp;m/s
|style="text-align:center"|{{convert|2247|ft/s|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| {{cvt|76|mm}}
| {{cvt|76|mm}}
| {{cvt|62|mm}}
| {{cvt|58|mm}}
| {{cvt|48|mm}}
| {{cvt|41|mm}}
| {{cvt|38|mm}}
| {{cvt|29|mm}}
| {{cvt|29|mm}}
⚫
| {{cvt|21|mm}}
|-
|-


|style="text-align:center"| Pzgr. 40 APCR
|style="text-align:center"| Pzgr. 40 APCR
|style="text-align:center"|1,050&nbsp;m/s
|style="text-align:center"|{{convert|1,050|m/s|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| {{cvt|107|mm}}
| {{cvt|107|mm}}
| 74&nbsp;mm
| 74&nbsp;mm
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==Vehicles mounted on==
==Vehicles mounted on==
* [[Panzerkampfwagen III]] (Sd. Kfz. 141) - Ausf. F to J (serial production), several earlier models were re-equipped with this gun.<ref name="m3 vs pzr3"/>
* [[Panzer III]] (Sd. Kfz. 141) - Ausf. F to J (serial production), several earlier models were re-equipped with this gun.<ref name="m3 vs pzr3"/>
* [[VK 20]] series proposed replacement of the Panzer III and IV<ref name=GPT11>{{cite book|last1=Jentz|first1=Thomas|last2=Doyle|first2=Hilary|title=Germany's Panther Tank|year=1995|url=https://archive.org/details/germanyspanthert00jent|url-access=limited|publisher=Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=0887408125|pages=[https://archive.org/details/germanyspanthert00jent/page/n69 11]}}</ref>
* [[VK 20]] series proposed replacement of the Panzer III and IV<ref name=GPT11>{{cite book|last1=Jentz|first1=Thomas|last2=Doyle|first2=Hilary|title=Germany's Panther Tank|year=1995|url=https://archive.org/details/germanyspanthert00jent|url-access=limited|publisher=Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=0887408125|pages=[https://archive.org/details/germanyspanthert00jent/page/n69 11]}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[5 cm KwK 39 L/60]]
*[[5 cm KwK 39]]


===Weapons of comparable role, performance and era===
===Weapons of comparable role, performance and era===
* [[Ordnance QF 2-pounder]]: British 40mm tank gun
* [[Ordnance QF 2-pounder]]: British 40mm tank and anti-tank gun
* [[45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K)]]: Soviet tank gun
* [[45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K)]]: Soviet tank gun
* [[37 mm Gun M3]]: US tank gun
* [[37 mm gun M3]]: US tank gun


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:50 mm artillery]]
[[Category:50 mm artillery]]
[[Category:World War II tank guns]]
[[Category:World War II tank guns]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944]]

Latest revision as of 01:41, 24 November 2024

5 cm KwK 38 (L/42)
PzKpfw III/H with 5 cm KwK 38 L/42
TypeKampfwagenkanone
Place of originGermany
Service history
Used by Nazi Germany
WarsWorld War II
Production history
Unit cost8,000 RM
Specifications
Mass400 kg (881.8 lb)
Barrel length210 cm (83 in) bore (42 calibers)
ShellFixed ammunition 50 mm × 289 mm (2.0 in × 11.4 in) R
Shell weight2.07 kg (4.56 lb) armor-piercing (APC-HE) Pzgr. 39
Caliber50 mm (1.97 in)
Elevation-10° to +20°
Muzzle velocity685 m/s (2,250 ft/s)

The 5 cm KwK 38 L/42 (5 cm Kampfwagenkanone 38 L/42) was a German 50 mm 42 calibre cannon used as the main armament of variants of the German Panzer III medium tank during the Second World War. The towed anti-tank gun equivalent was the PaK.37 of which 2,600 were produced from 1937 until 1940.[1]

History

[edit]
Breech of a 5 cm KwK 38 L/42 in a Panzer III Ausf. F

The Panzer III was intended to fight other tanks; in the initial design stage a 50-millimetre (1.97 in) gun was specified. However, the infantry at the time were being equipped with the 37 mm (1.46 in) 3.7 cm PaK 36, and it was thought that, in the interest of standardization, the tanks should carry the same armament. As a compromise, the turret ring was made large enough to accommodate a 50 mm (1.97 in) gun should a future upgrade be required. This single decision later assured the Panzer III a prolonged life in the German Army.[2]

The early Panzer III Ausf. A to early Ausf. G were equipped with a 3.7 cm KwK 36 L/45, which proved adequate during the campaigns of 1939 and 1940.[3] In response to increasingly better armed and armored opponents, the later Panzer III Ausf. F to Ausf. J were upgraded with the 5 cm KwK 38 L/42.[4] And the later Panzer III Ausf. J¹ to M went with the longer 5 cm KwK 39 L/60 gun.[5]

Ammunition

[edit]

Average penetration performance established against rolled homogenous steel armour plate laid back at 30° from the vertical.[6]

PzGr (Armour Piercing)
  • Weight of projectile: 2.06 kg (4.5 lb)
  • Muzzle velocity: 685 m/s (2,250 ft/s)
Range 100 m
(330 ft)		 500 m
(1,600 ft)		 1,000 m
(3,300 ft)		 1,500 m
(4,900 ft)
Penetration 53 mm (2.1 in) 43 mm (1.7 in) 32 mm (1.3 in) 24 mm (0.94 in)
PzGr. 39 (Armour-piercing, capped, ballistic cap)
  • Weight of projectile: 2.06 kg
  • Muzzle velocity: 685 m/s
Range 100 m
(330 ft)		 500 m
(1,600 ft)		 1,000 m
(3,300 ft)		 1,500 m
(4,900 ft)
Penetration 55 mm (2.2 in) 47 mm (1.9 in) 37 mm (1.5 in) 28 mm (1.1 in)
PzGr. 40 (Armour-piercing, composite, rigid)
  • Weight of projectile: 0.925 kg (2.04 lb)
  • Muzzle velocity: 1,050 m/s (3,400 ft/s)
Range 100 m
(330 ft)		 500 m
(1,600 ft)		 1,000 m
(3,300 ft)		 1,500 m
(4,900 ft)
Penetration 94 mm (3.7 in) 55 mm (2.2 in) — —
Estimated penetration (at 90 degrees) using American and British 50% success criteria,
and allowing comparison to performance of other guns.[7]
Ammunition type Muzzle velocity Penetration
100 m 500 m 1000 m 1500 m 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
AP 2,247 ft/s
(685 m/s) 		76 mm (3.0 in) 58 mm (2.3 in) 41 mm (1.6 in) 29 mm (1.1 in) 21 mm (0.83 in)
Pzgr. 40 APCR 1,050 m/s
(3,400 ft/s) 		107 mm (4.2 in) 74 mm 47 mm (1.9 in) 30 mm (1.2 in) 20 mm

Vehicles mounted on

[edit]
  • Panzer III (Sd. Kfz. 141) - Ausf. F to J (serial production), several earlier models were re-equipped with this gun.[1]
  • VK 20 series proposed replacement of the Panzer III and IV[8]

See also

[edit]

Weapons of comparable role, performance and era

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Rottman, Gordon L. (2008). M3 Medium Tank Vs Panzer III: Kasserine Pass 1943. Duel 10. Osprey Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-84603-261-5.
  2. ^ Perrett (1999), p. 4.
  3. ^ Perrett (1999), p. 6.
  4. ^ Perrett (1999), p. 7.
  5. ^ Perrett (1999), p. 8.
  6. ^ Ankerstjerne, Christian (13 August 2014). "5 cm Kw K". Panzerworld. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  7. ^ Bird, Lorrin Rexford; Livingston, Robert D. (2001). WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery. Overmatch Press. p. 61.
  8. ^ Jentz, Thomas; Doyle, Hilary (1995). Germany's Panther Tank. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. pp. 11. ISBN 0887408125.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Perrett, Bryan (1999). Panzerkampfwagen III: Medium Tank 1936–44. New Vanguard 27. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-845-3.
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