Ghanaian Canadians: Difference between revisions

Ghanaian Canadians
Total population
	Various estimates:; 35,495
Regions with significant populations
	Vancouver, Montreal, Toronto, Edmonton, Calgary, Ottawa, Quebec City
Languages
	French, English, Ghanaian languages (Akan, Dagbani, Ewe, Ga, etc.)
Religion
	Mainly Christianity (70%), Islam (15%)
Related ethnic groups
	Ghanaians , Nigerian Canadians , Igbo Canadians

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Ghanaian Canadians are a Canadian ethnic group of full or partial Ghanaian ancestry. Ghanaians who became naturalized citizens of Canada preferably refer to themselves as Ghanaian Canadians.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Overview

Ghanaians first immigrated to Canada in the 1960s.^[13]^[14] Many Ghanaians reside in the Toronto area, although quite a few can be found in other parts of Canada.^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28] Although characterized by their religious involvement, Ghanaian Canadians seem to have reservations about integrating into broader Canadian community.^[29]^[30]^[31]^[12]^{[page needed]}^[32]^[33]

Languages

Most Ghanaian Canadians speak English fluently as it is the official language of communication in Ghana. Most also speak local languages in addition to English, the most popular being Twi. Other spoken languages are Fante, Ga, Ewe, Dagbani, Nzema, Gonja, and Kasem. Ghanaians have an easier time adapting to life in Canada than other immigrants because their homeland of Ghana has the English language as the official language and it is spoken by the majority of Ghana's population.^{[citation needed]}

Demographics

Population by ancestry by Canadian province or territory (2016)
Province	Population	Percentage	Source
Ontario	24,845	0.2%	^[34]
Alberta	4,465	0.1%	^[35]
Quebec	3,235	0.0%	^[36]
British Columbia	1,600	0.0%	^[37]
Saskatchewan	555	0.1%	^[38]
Manitoba	385	0.0%	^[39]
Nova Scotia	190	0.0%	^[40]
New Brunswick	95	0.0%	^[41]
Newfoundland and Labrador	65	0.0%	^[42]
Northwest Territories	30	0.1%	^[43]
Prince Edward Island	15	0.0%	^[44]
Yukon	15	0.0%	^[45]
Nunavut	10	0.0%	^[46]
Canada	35,495	0.1%	^{[citation needed]}

Notable people

Athletes

Ruky Abdulai, long jumper and heptathlete
Jeff Addai, soccer player
Natey Adjei, football player
Richard Adu-Bobie, sprinter
Martha Adusei, sprinter
Kojo Aidoo, football player
Ohenewa Akuffo, wrestler
Kwabena Asare, football player
Nana Attakora, soccer player
Kwame Awuah, soccer player
Kwaku Boateng, high jumper
Alphonso Davies (born in Ghana to Liberian parents), soccer player
Randy Edwini-Bonsu, soccer player
Sam Effah, sprinter
Kaya Forson, swimmer
Richie Laryea, soccer player
Eric Lee, football player
Philomena Mensah, sprinter
Christabel Nettey, long jumper
William Njoku, basketball player
Kofi Opare, soccer player
Flings Owusu-Agyapong, sprinter

Beauty Queens

Menaye Donkor, beauty queen, entrepreneur and philanthropist
Adwoa Yamoah, beauty queen

Media, Film and Television

Jackie Appiah, actress
Jojo Chintoh, broadcast journalist
Nana aba Duncan radio host and writer
Florence Blain Mbaye, actress
Hailliote Sumney, actress and television personality

Musicians

Kwajo Cinqo, rapper, producer, and record executive
Emay, rapper
Friyie, rapper and singer
Rich Kidd, rapper and producer
Kae Sun, singer-songwriter
Spek Won, rapper

Writers and Authors

Randell Adjei, poet
Esi Edugyan, novelist
Dannabang Kuwabong, author, poet and professor

References

^ "The African Community in Canada". Statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
^ Toro-Morn, Maura Isabel; Alicea, Marixsa (1 January 2004). Migration and Immigration: A Global View. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 85. ISBN 9780313330445 – via Internet Archive. Ghanaian Canadian and canadians in common.
^ Burton, Dawn (21 November 2008). Cross-Cultural Marketing: Theory, practice and relevance. Routledge. ISBN 9781134060160. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Toro-Morn, Maura Isabel; Alicea, Marixsa (1 January 2004). Migration and Immigration: A Global View. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 87. ISBN 9780313330445. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Internet Archive. Ghanaians in canada.
^ Arthur, John A.; Takougang, Joseph; Owusu, Thomas Yaw (1 January 2012). Africans in Global Migration: Searching for Promised Lands. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780739174067. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Konadu-Agyemang, Kwadwo; Takyi, Baffour K.; Arthur, John A. (1 January 2006). The New African Diaspora in North America: Trends, Community Building, and Adaptation. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739111512. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Ahn, John J. (1 January 2011). Exile as Forced Migrations: A Sociological, Literary, and Theological Approach on the Displacement and Resettlement of the Southern Kingdom of Judah. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110240962. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Frazier, John W.; Darden, Joe T.; Henry, Norah F. (1 September 2010). The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Global Academic Publishing. ISBN 9781438436845. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Olupona, Jacob; Gemignani, Regina (1 May 2007). African Immigrant Religions in America. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814762110 – via Google Books.
^ Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.
^ William Boakye Akoto. "EDUCATING THE AFRICAN IMMIGRANT CHlLD IN CANADA : A STUDY OF HOW GKANAIAN PARENTS NEGO'MATE THE HOME-SCHOOL INTERSECTION" (PDF). Tspace.library.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
^ ^a ^b Efua, Boafo-Arthur (11 September 2013). "Exploring perspectives about sexuality among Ghanaian youth living in Canada: Understanding the impact of cultural contact". Archived from the original on 2014-07-20. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
^ Naidoo, Josephine C. "African Canadians".
^ Vanguard, The Patriotic (29 October 2006). "Special Report: Ghanaians in Canada". Thepatrioticvanguard.com. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
^ Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755. Retrieved 20 January 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Toro-Morn, Maura Isabel; Alicea, Marixsa (1 January 2004). Migration and Immigration: A Global View. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 87. ISBN 9780313330445. Retrieved 20 January 2017 – via Internet Archive. Ghanaian Canadian.
^ Olupona, Jacob; Gemignani, Regina (1 May 2007). African Immigrant Religions in America. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814762110. Retrieved 20 January 2017 – via Google Books.
^ "Ghanaian Immigrants Use Religion to Affirm Their Identity" (PDF). Search.researchimpact.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
^ "Transnational Activities and Their Impact on Achieving a Successful Housing Career in Canada: The Case of Ghanaian Immigrants in Toronto" (PDF). Tspace.library.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
^ Frazier, John W.; Darden, Joe T.; Henry, Norah F. (1 September 2010). The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Global Academic Publishing. ISBN 9781438436845. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Frazier, John W.; Darden, Joe T.; Henry, Norah F. (1 September 2010). African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century, The. SUNY Press. ISBN 9781438436852. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.
^ ADRRI, Africa Development and Resources Research Institute (February 2016). "Attitudes of Ghanaians in Canada towards Traditional Medicine: Implications for Practice, Policy and Research". Africa Development and Resources Research Institute Journal. 25 (4). ISSN 2343-6662. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
^ Owusu, Thomas Y. (1 January 2000). "The Role of Ghanaian Immigrant Associations in Toronto, Canada". International Migration Review. 34 (4): 1155–1181. doi:10.2307/2675978. JSTOR 2675978.
^ Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.
^ "Kumvana 2016 - ONE WORLD, TWO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS (CANADA, GHANA)". Retrieved 4 March 2017.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Owusu, Thomas Y. (2003). "Transnationalism among African immigrants in North America: The case of Ghanaians in Canada". Int. Migration & Integration. 4 (3): 395–413. doi:10.1007/s12134-003-1027-x. S2CID 143282460.
^ Barimah, Kofi B.; van Teijlingen, Edwin R. (1 January 2008). "The use of Traditional Medicine by Ghanaians in Canada". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 8: 30. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-8-30. PMC 2446384. PMID 18558002.
^ Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755 – via Google Books.
^ "'Doing Religion' Overseas: The Characteristics and Functions of Ghanaian Immigrant Churches in Toronto, Canada" (PDF). Scholarlycommons.law.case.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
^ Olupona, Jacob; Gemignani, Regina (1 May 2007). African Immigrant Religions in America. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814762127 – via Google Books.
^ Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755 – via Google Books.
^ Matassa, Leigh. "Canadians and Ghanaians – Kindred Spirits?". Vergemagazine.com. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
^ CIR (26 June 2010). "Ghanaians enslaving Ghanaians in Canada". Cireport.ca. Retrieved 4 March 2017.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Alberta, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Quebec, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), British Columbia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Saskatchewan, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Manitoba, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nova Scotia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), New Brunswick, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Northwest Territories, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Prince Edward Island, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nunavut, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[1] "The African Community in Canada". Statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

[2] Toro-Morn, Maura Isabel; Alicea, Marixsa (1 January 2004). Migration and Immigration: A Global View. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 85. ISBN 9780313330445 – via Internet Archive. Ghanaian Canadian and canadians in common.

[3] Burton, Dawn (21 November 2008). Cross-Cultural Marketing: Theory, practice and relevance. Routledge. ISBN 9781134060160. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.

[4] Toro-Morn, Maura Isabel; Alicea, Marixsa (1 January 2004). Migration and Immigration: A Global View. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 87. ISBN 9780313330445. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Internet Archive. Ghanaians in canada.

[5] Arthur, John A.; Takougang, Joseph; Owusu, Thomas Yaw (1 January 2012). Africans in Global Migration: Searching for Promised Lands. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780739174067. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.

[6] Konadu-Agyemang, Kwadwo; Takyi, Baffour K.; Arthur, John A. (1 January 2006). The New African Diaspora in North America: Trends, Community Building, and Adaptation. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739111512. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.

[7] Ahn, John J. (1 January 2011). Exile as Forced Migrations: A Sociological, Literary, and Theological Approach on the Displacement and Resettlement of the Southern Kingdom of Judah. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110240962. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.

[8] Frazier, John W.; Darden, Joe T.; Henry, Norah F. (1 September 2010). The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Global Academic Publishing. ISBN 9781438436845. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.

[9] Olupona, Jacob; Gemignani, Regina (1 May 2007). African Immigrant Religions in America. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814762110 – via Google Books.

[10] Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.

[11] William Boakye Akoto. "EDUCATING THE AFRICAN IMMIGRANT CHlLD IN CANADA : A STUDY OF HOW GKANAIAN PARENTS NEGO'MATE THE HOME-SCHOOL INTERSECTION" (PDF). Tspace.library.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-12.

[Efua-12] Efua, Boafo-Arthur (11 September 2013). "Exploring perspectives about sexuality among Ghanaian youth living in Canada: Understanding the impact of cultural contact". Archived from the original on 2014-07-20. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

[13] Naidoo, Josephine C. "African Canadians".

[14] Vanguard, The Patriotic (29 October 2006). "Special Report: Ghanaians in Canada". Thepatrioticvanguard.com. Retrieved 20 January 2017.

[15] Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755. Retrieved 20 January 2017 – via Google Books.

[16] Toro-Morn, Maura Isabel; Alicea, Marixsa (1 January 2004). Migration and Immigration: A Global View. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 87. ISBN 9780313330445. Retrieved 20 January 2017 – via Internet Archive. Ghanaian Canadian.

[17] Olupona, Jacob; Gemignani, Regina (1 May 2007). African Immigrant Religions in America. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814762110. Retrieved 20 January 2017 – via Google Books.

[18] "Ghanaian Immigrants Use Religion to Affirm Their Identity" (PDF). Search.researchimpact.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2017-03-04.

[19] "Transnational Activities and Their Impact on Achieving a Successful Housing Career in Canada: The Case of Ghanaian Immigrants in Toronto" (PDF). Tspace.library.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-04.

[20] Frazier, John W.; Darden, Joe T.; Henry, Norah F. (1 September 2010). The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Global Academic Publishing. ISBN 9781438436845. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.

[21] Frazier, John W.; Darden, Joe T.; Henry, Norah F. (1 September 2010). African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century, The. SUNY Press. ISBN 9781438436852. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.

[22] ADRRI, Africa Development and Resources Research Institute (February 2016). "Attitudes of Ghanaians in Canada towards Traditional Medicine: Implications for Practice, Policy and Research". Africa Development and Resources Research Institute Journal. 25 (4). ISSN 2343-6662. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

[23] Owusu, Thomas Y. (1 January 2000). "The Role of Ghanaian Immigrant Associations in Toronto, Canada". International Migration Review. 34 (4): 1155–1181. doi:10.2307/2675978. JSTOR 2675978.

[24] Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755. Retrieved 4 March 2017 – via Google Books.

[25] "Kumvana 2016 - ONE WORLD, TWO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS (CANADA, GHANA)". Retrieved 4 March 2017.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[26] Owusu, Thomas Y. (2003). "Transnationalism among African immigrants in North America: The case of Ghanaians in Canada". Int. Migration & Integration. 4 (3): 395–413. doi:10.1007/s12134-003-1027-x. S2CID 143282460.

[27] Barimah, Kofi B.; van Teijlingen, Edwin R. (1 January 2008). "The use of Traditional Medicine by Ghanaians in Canada". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 8: 30. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-8-30. PMC 2446384. PMID 18558002.

[28] Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755 – via Google Books.

[29] "'Doing Religion' Overseas: The Characteristics and Functions of Ghanaian Immigrant Churches in Toronto, Canada" (PDF). Scholarlycommons.law.case.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-04.

[30] Olupona, Jacob; Gemignani, Regina (1 May 2007). African Immigrant Religions in America. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814762127 – via Google Books.

[31] Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (1 January 2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 9781552381755 – via Google Books.

[32] Matassa, Leigh. "Canadians and Ghanaians – Kindred Spirits?". Vergemagazine.com. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

[33] CIR (26 June 2010). "Ghanaians enslaving Ghanaians in Canada". Cireport.ca. Retrieved 4 March 2017.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[2016ON-34] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016AB-35] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Alberta, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016QC-36] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Quebec, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016BC-37] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), British Columbia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016SK-38] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Saskatchewan, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016MB-39] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Manitoba, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016NS-40] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nova Scotia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016NB-41] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), New Brunswick, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016NL-42] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016NT-43] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Northwest Territories, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016PE-44] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Prince Edward Island, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016YK-45] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[2016NU-46] "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nunavut, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Blacklisted-links|1=
-*https://societieswithoutborders.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/mensah4-1.pdf
-*:''Triggered by <code>\bfiles\.wordpress\.com\b</code> on the global blacklist''|bot=Cyberbot II|invisible=false}}
-{{cleanup|reason=English expression is so poor that it is unclear what the article is trying to say.|date=January 2017}}
 {{Infobox ethnic group
 | group    = Ghanaian Canadians
-| pop      = [[#Numbers|Various estimates]]:<br/>35,495<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007010-eng.htm|title=The African Community in Canada|website=Statcan.gc.ca|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NgzlFMRsF6MC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=Ghanaian%20Canadian%20and%20canadians%20in%20common&source=bl&ots=9pZ7Kl4hPo&sig=7UnBudSPbjw6recNZW-b0fuQ5YQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDnt6ql73SAhUkIMAKHVVKBl44ChDoAQg8MAg#v=onepage&q=Ghanaian%20Canadian%20and%20canadians%20in%20common&f=false|title=Migration and Immigration: A Global View|first1=Maura Isabel|last1=Toro-Morn|first2=Marixsa|last2=Alicea|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|via=Google Books}}</ref>
+| pop      = [[#Numbers|Various estimates]]:<br/>35,495<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007010-eng.htm|title=The African Community in Canada|website=Statcan.gc.ca|access-date=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/migrationimmigra00maur|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/migrationimmigra00maur/page/85 85]|quote=Ghanaian Canadian and canadians in common.|title=Migration and Immigration: A Global View|first1=Maura Isabel|last1=Toro-Morn|first2=Marixsa|last2=Alicea|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|via=Internet Archive|isbn=9780313330445}}</ref>
-| popplace = [[Vancouver]], [[Montreal]], [[Toronto]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ujp8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT38&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVq5Xug73SAhUkJMAKHQeuDRA4KBDoAQgZMAA#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&f=false|title=Cross-Cultural Marketing: Theory, practice and relevance|first=Dawn|last=Burton|date=21 November 2008|publisher=Routledge|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NgzlFMRsF6MC&pg=PA87&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUyKyFgr3SAhXEBsAKHTW3DA4Q6AEINTAF#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&f=false|title=Migration and Immigration: A Global View|first1=Maura Isabel|last1=Toro-Morn|first2=Marixsa|last2=Alicea|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref> [[Edmonton]], [[Calgary]], [[Ottawa]], [[Quebec City]]
+| popplace = [[Vancouver]], [[Montreal]], [[Toronto]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujp8AgAAQBAJ&q=Ghanaians+in+canada&pg=PT38|title=Cross-Cultural Marketing: Theory, practice and relevance|first=Dawn|last=Burton|date=21 November 2008|publisher=Routledge|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781134060160}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/migrationimmigra00maur|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/migrationimmigra00maur/page/87 87]|quote=Ghanaians in canada.|title=Migration and Immigration: A Global View|first1=Maura Isabel|last1=Toro-Morn|first2=Marixsa|last2=Alicea|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Internet Archive|isbn=9780313330445}}</ref> [[Edmonton]], [[Calgary]], [[Ottawa]], [[Quebec City]]
-| langs    = [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], Ghana Languages
+| langs    = [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], Ghanaian languages ([[Akan language|Akan]], [[Dagbani]], [[Ewe language|Ewe]], [[Ga language|Ga]], etc.)
+| rels     = Mainly [[Christianity]] (70%), [[Islam]] (15%)
-( [[Akan language|Akan]], [[Dagbani]] Language, [[Ewe language|Ewe]], [[gar]] language, etc.)
+| related  = [[Ghanaian people|Ghanaians]] , [[Nigerian Canadians]] , [[Igbo Canadians]]
-| rels     = Mainly [[Christianity]], [[Islam]]
-| related  = [[Ghanaian people|Ghanaians]]
 }}
-'''Ghanaian Canadians''' are Canadians of full or partial Ghanaian ancestry. Ghanaians who became naturalized citizens of Canada preferably refer to themselves as ''Ghanaian Canadians''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=algX3E22h6YC&pg=PA24&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUyKyFgr3SAhXEBsAKHTW3DA4Q6AEIHzAB#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&f=false|title=Africans in Global Migration: Searching for Promised Lands|first1=John A.|last1=Arthur|first2=Joseph|last2=Takougang|first3=Thomas Yaw|last3=Owusu|date=1 January 2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qEZDrZls-AAC&pg=PA74&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUyKyFgr3SAhXEBsAKHTW3DA4Q6AEIJDAC#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&f=false|title=The New African Diaspora in North America: Trends, Community Building, and Adaptation|first1=Kwadwo|last1=Konadu-Agyemang|first2=Baffour K.|last2=Takyi|first3=John A.|last3=Arthur|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Lexington Books|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5Dzy1ocWGoUC&pg=PA71&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUyKyFgr3SAhXEBsAKHTW3DA4Q6AEIKTAD#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&f=false|title=Exile as Forced Migrations: A Sociological, Literary, and Theological Approach on the Displacement and Resettlement of the Southern Kingdom of Judah|first=John J.|last=Ahn|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xJ8cAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA295&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUyKyFgr3SAhXEBsAKHTW3DA4Q6AEIPjAH#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&f=false|title=The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century|first1=John W.|last1=Frazier|first2=Joe T.|last2=Darden|first3=Norah F.|last3=Henry|date=1 September 2010|publisher=Global Academic Publishing|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qg4UCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA232&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUyKyFgr3SAhXEBsAKHTW3DA4Q6AEIRzAJ#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&f=false|title=African Immigrant Religions in America|first1=Jacob|last1=Olupona|first2=Regina|last2=Gemignani|date=1 May 2007|publisher=NYU Press|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj71_7_g73SAhUGM8AKHY9UCh84HhDoAQgjMAI#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20&f=false|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/15137/1/NQ49800.pdf |format=PDF |title=EDUCATING THE AFRICAN IMMIGRANT CHlLD IN CANADA : A STUDY OF HOW GKANAIAN PARENTS NEGO'MATE THE HOME-SCHOOL INTERSECTION |author=William Boakye Akoto |website=Tspace.library.utoronto.ca |accessdate=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dr.library.brocku.ca/bitstream/handle/10464/4976/Brock_Boafo-Arthur_Efua_2013%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |format=PDF |title=Exploring Perspectives about Sexuality among Ghanaian Youth Living in Canada |author=Efua Boafo-Arthur, BA |website=Dr.library.brocku.ca |accessdate=2017-03-12}}</ref>
+'''Ghanaian Canadians''' are a Canadian ethnic group of full or partial Ghanaian ancestry. Ghanaians who became naturalized citizens of Canada preferably refer to themselves as ''Ghanaian Canadians''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=algX3E22h6YC&q=Ghanaians+in+canada&pg=PA24|title=Africans in Global Migration: Searching for Promised Lands|first1=John A.|last1=Arthur|first2=Joseph|last2=Takougang|first3=Thomas Yaw|last3=Owusu|date=1 January 2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9780739174067}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEZDrZls-AAC&q=Ghanaians+in+canada&pg=PA74|title=The New African Diaspora in North America: Trends, Community Building, and Adaptation|first1=Kwadwo|last1=Konadu-Agyemang|first2=Baffour K.|last2=Takyi|first3=John A.|last3=Arthur|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Lexington Books|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9780739111512}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Dzy1ocWGoUC&q=Ghanaians+in+canada&pg=PA71|title=Exile as Forced Migrations: A Sociological, Literary, and Theological Approach on the Displacement and Resettlement of the Southern Kingdom of Judah|first=John J.|last=Ahn|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9783110240962}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJ8cAwAAQBAJ&q=Ghanaians+in+canada&pg=PA295|title=The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century|first1=John W.|last1=Frazier|first2=Joe T.|last2=Darden|first3=Norah F.|last3=Henry|date=1 September 2010|publisher=Global Academic Publishing|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781438436845}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qg4UCgAAQBAJ&q=Ghanaians+in+canada&pg=PA232|title=African Immigrant Religions in America|first1=Jacob|last1=Olupona|first2=Regina|last2=Gemignani|date=1 May 2007|publisher=NYU Press|via=Google Books|isbn=9780814762110}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&q=Ghanaians+|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781552381755}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/15137/1/NQ49800.pdf |title=EDUCATING THE AFRICAN IMMIGRANT CHlLD IN CANADA : A STUDY OF HOW GKANAIAN PARENTS NEGO'MATE THE HOME-SCHOOL INTERSECTION |author=William Boakye Akoto |website=Tspace.library.utoronto.ca |access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref name="Efua"/>
 ==Overview==
-Ghanaians first immigrated to Canada in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/africans/|title=African Canadians|first=Josephine C.|last=Naidoo|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/special-report-ghanaians-in-canada|title=Special Report: Ghanaians in Canada|first=The Patriotic|last=Vanguard|date=29 October 2006|website=Thepatrioticvanguard.com|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref> Many Ghanaians reside in the [[Toronto]] area, although quite a few can be found in other parts of Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&pg=PA158&dq=Ghanaian%20Canadian&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisxNm2ts_RAhUpBsAKHd8mCRkQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=Ghanaian%20Canadian&f=false|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|accessdate=20 January 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NgzlFMRsF6MC&pg=PA87&dq=Ghanaian%20Canadian&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwihn7THtM_RAhXKLsAKHbWPD5wQ6AEIITAB#v=onepage&q=Ghanaian%20Canadian&f=false|title=Migration and Immigration: A Global View|first1=Maura Isabel|last1=Toro-Morn|first2=Marixsa|last2=Alicea|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|accessdate=20 January 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qg4UCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA248&dq=Ghanaian%20Canadian&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwihn7THtM_RAhXKLsAKHbWPD5wQ6AEILjAE#v=onepage&q=Ghanaian%20Canadian&f=false|title=African Immigrant Religions in America|first1=Jacob|last1=Olupona|first2=Regina|last2=Gemignani|date=1 May 2007|publisher=NYU Press|accessdate=20 January 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.researchimpact.ca/_app/impact/files/tables/files.path.14.pdf |format=PDF |title=Ghanaian Immigrants Use Religion to Affirm Their Identity |website=Search.researchimpact.ca |accessdate=2017-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/29721/1/Firang_David_Y_20116_PhD_thesis.pdf |format=PDF |title=Transnational Activities and Their Impact on Achieving a Successful Housing Career in Canada: The Case of Ghanaian Immigrants in Toronto |website=Tspace.library.utoronto.ca |accessdate=2017-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xJ8cAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA293&lpg=PA293&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&source=bl&ots=aZJTf1qG1L&sig=qPxq7mpSf_XEe0_p3oaq3ts-NWU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLsaKxhr3SAhWKBsAKHZ6ZAcQ4WhDoAQhAMAc#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&f=false|title=The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century|first1=John W.|last1=Frazier|first2=Joe T.|last2=Darden|first3=Norah F.|last3=Henry|date=1 September 2010|publisher=Global Academic Publishing|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zByZal1b_RsC&pg=PA293&lpg=PA293&dq=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&source=bl&ots=i_XqvQIKrV&sig=u78vi-lCczicAsYHz9x8qVkyqww&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLsaKxhr3SAhWKBsAKHZ6ZAcQ4WhDoAQhCMAg#v=onepage&q=Ghanaians%20in%20canada&f=false|title=African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century, The|first1=John W.|last1=Frazier|first2=Joe T.|last2=Darden|first3=Norah F.|last3=Henry|date=1 September 2010|publisher=SUNY Press|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/22753279/Attitudes_of_Ghanaians_in_Canada_towards_Traditional_Medicine_Implications_for_Practice_Policy_and_Research|title=Attitudes of Ghanaians in Canada towards Traditional Medicine: Implications for Practice, Policy and Research|first=Africa Development and Resources Research Institute |last=ADRRI|publisher=|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=2675978|title=The Role of Ghanaian Immigrant Associations in Toronto, Canada|journal=International Migration Review|first=Thomas Y.|last=Owusu|date=1 January 2000|publisher=|volume=34|issue=4|pages=1155–1181|accessdate=|doi=10.2307/2675978}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&pg=PA158&lpg=PA158&dq=Ghanaian%20Canadian&source=bl&ots=jTjGzWeXFv&sig=MIf5GgMuQnPzGaERdXy9f1zF4Ec&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiGj5LBkb3SAhUIKsAKHWoeC-Q4UBDoAQgZMAA#v=onepage&q=Ghanaian%20Canadian&f=false|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kumvana.ewb.ca/?p=638|title=Kumvana 2016 - ONE WORLD, TWO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS (CANADA, GHANA)|publisher=|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://societieswithoutborders.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/mensah4-1.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Societies Without Borders |volume=4 |date=2009 |pages=21–44 |title=‘Doing Religion’ Overseas: The Characteristics and Functions of Ghanaian Immigrant Churches in Toronto, Canada |accessdate=2017-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-003-1027-x|title=Transnationalism among African immigrants in North America: The case of Ghanaians in Canada|first=Thomas Y.|last=Owusu|publisher=|journal=Int. Migration & Integration|volume=4|issue=3|pages=395–413|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=link.springer.com|doi=10.1007/s12134-003-1027-x|year=2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-8-30|title=The use of Traditional Medicine by Ghanaians in Canada|first1=Kofi B.|last1=Barimah|first2=Edwin R.|last2=van Teijlingen|date=1 January 2008|publisher=|journal=BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine|volume=8|page=30|accessdate=4 March 2017|via=BioMed Central|doi=10.1186/1472-6882-8-30|pmid=18558002|pmc=2446384}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&pg=PA158&lpg=PA158&dq=Ghanaian%20Canadian%20and%20canadians%20in%20common&source=bl&ots=jTjGzWf1By&sig=S25wYz1PRwKeHHSHJle6-UE-lhA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDnt6ql73SAhUkIMAKHVVKBl44ChDoAQgpMAM#v=onepage&q=Ghanaian%20Canadian%20and%20canadians%20in%20common&f=false|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|via=Google Books}}</ref> Although characterized by their religious involvement, Ghanaian Canadians seem to have reservations about integrating into broader Canadian community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1122&context=swb |format=PDF |title='Doing Religion' Overseas: The Characteristics and Functions of Ghanaian Immigrant Churches in Toronto, Canada |website=Scholarlycommons.law.case.edu |accessdate=2017-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y6MUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=Ghanaian%20Canadians%20and%20canadians%20common%20culture&source=bl&ots=jipDCIzQSE&sig=IMne_9Hnq1Nz90VpoQCUYMg52ZA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja3aHomb3SAhWDBsAKHbi-Ak44ChDoAQgZMAA#v=onepage&q=Ghanaian%20Canadians%20and%20canadians%20common%20culture&f=false|title=African Immigrant Religions in America|first1=Jacob|last1=Olupona|first2=Regina|last2=Gemignani|date=1 May 2007|publisher=NYU Press|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&pg=PA158&lpg=PA158&dq=Ghanaian%20Canadians%20and%20canadians%20common%20culture&source=bl&ots=jTjGzWgZFq&sig=BZ8F6Xa-DnhrZknRQHBZ_qJ_8g0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjXk8fXmb3SAhVlCsAKHQTvCksQ6AEIWTAJ#v=onepage&q=Ghanaian%20Canadians%20and%20canadians%20common%20culture&f=false|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/4976?show=full|title=Exploring perspectives about sexuality among Ghanaian youth living in Canada: Understanding the impact of cultural contact.|first=Boafo-Arthur,|last=Efua|date=11 September 2013|publisher=|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vergemagazine.com/volunteer-abroad/blogs/963-canadians-and-ghanaians-kindred-spirits.html|title=Canadians and Ghanaians – Kindred Spirits?|first=Leigh|last=Matassa|website=Vergemagazine.com|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cireport.ca/2010/06/26/ghanaians-enslaving-ghanaians-in-canada/|title=Ghanaians enslaving Ghanaians in Canada|first=|last=CIR|date=26 June 2010|website=Cireport.ca|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref>
+Ghanaians first immigrated to Canada in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/africans/|title=African Canadians|first=Josephine C.|last=Naidoo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/special-report-ghanaians-in-canada|title=Special Report: Ghanaians in Canada|first=The Patriotic|last=Vanguard|date=29 October 2006|website=Thepatrioticvanguard.com|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> Many Ghanaians reside in the [[Toronto]] area, although quite a few can be found in other parts of Canada.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&q=Ghanaian+Canadian&pg=PA158|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|access-date=20 January 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781552381755}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/migrationimmigra00maur|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/migrationimmigra00maur/page/87 87]|quote=Ghanaian Canadian.|title=Migration and Immigration: A Global View|first1=Maura Isabel|last1=Toro-Morn|first2=Marixsa|last2=Alicea|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|access-date=20 January 2017|via=Internet Archive|isbn=9780313330445}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qg4UCgAAQBAJ&q=Ghanaian+Canadian&pg=PA248|title=African Immigrant Religions in America|first1=Jacob|last1=Olupona|first2=Regina|last2=Gemignani|date=1 May 2007|publisher=NYU Press|access-date=20 January 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9780814762110}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://search.researchimpact.ca/_app/impact/files/tables/files.path.14.pdf |title=Ghanaian Immigrants Use Religion to Affirm Their Identity |website=Search.researchimpact.ca |access-date=2017-03-04 |archive-date=2017-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042009/http://search.researchimpact.ca/_app/impact/files/tables/files.path.14.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/29721/1/Firang_David_Y_20116_PhD_thesis.pdf |title=Transnational Activities and Their Impact on Achieving a Successful Housing Career in Canada: The Case of Ghanaian Immigrants in Toronto |website=Tspace.library.utoronto.ca |access-date=2017-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJ8cAwAAQBAJ&q=Ghanaians+in+canada&pg=PA293|title=The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century|first1=John W.|last1=Frazier|first2=Joe T.|last2=Darden|first3=Norah F.|last3=Henry|date=1 September 2010|publisher=Global Academic Publishing|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781438436845}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zByZal1b_RsC&q=Ghanaians+in+canada&pg=PA293|title=African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century, The|first1=John W.|last1=Frazier|first2=Joe T.|last2=Darden|first3=Norah F.|last3=Henry|date=1 September 2010|publisher=SUNY Press|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781438436852}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/22753279|title=Attitudes of Ghanaians in Canada towards Traditional Medicine: Implications for Practice, Policy and Research|first=Africa Development and Resources Research Institute |last=ADRRI|access-date=4 March 2017 |issn=2343-6662 |volume=25 |number=4|journal = Africa Development and Resources Research Institute Journal |date=February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=2675978|title=The Role of Ghanaian Immigrant Associations in Toronto, Canada|journal=International Migration Review|first=Thomas Y.|last=Owusu|date=1 January 2000|volume=34|issue=4|pages=1155–1181|doi=10.2307/2675978}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&q=Ghanaian+Canadian&pg=PA158|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|access-date=4 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781552381755}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kumvana.ewb.ca/?p=638|title=Kumvana 2016 - ONE WORLD, TWO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS (CANADA, GHANA)|access-date=4 March 2017}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Transnationalism among African immigrants in North America: The case of Ghanaians in Canada|first=Thomas Y.|last=Owusu|journal=Int. Migration & Integration|volume=4|issue=3|pages=395–413|doi=10.1007/s12134-003-1027-x|year=2003|s2cid=143282460}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The use of Traditional Medicine by Ghanaians in Canada|first1=Kofi B.|last1=Barimah|first2=Edwin R.|last2=van Teijlingen|date=1 January 2008|journal=BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine|volume=8|page=30|doi=10.1186/1472-6882-8-30|pmid=18558002|pmc=2446384 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&q=Ghanaian+Canadian+and+canadians+in+common&pg=PA158|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|via=Google Books|isbn=9781552381755}}</ref> Although characterized by their religious involvement, Ghanaian Canadians seem to have reservations about integrating into broader Canadian community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1122&context=swb |format=PDF |title='Doing Religion' Overseas: The Characteristics and Functions of Ghanaian Immigrant Churches in Toronto, Canada |website=Scholarlycommons.law.case.edu |access-date=2017-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6MUCgAAQBAJ&q=Ghanaian+Canadians+and+canadians+common+culture&pg=PA250|title=African Immigrant Religions in America|first1=Jacob|last1=Olupona|first2=Regina|last2=Gemignani|date=1 May 2007|publisher=NYU Press|via=Google Books|isbn=9780814762127}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&q=Ghanaian+Canadians+and+canadians+common+culture&pg=PA158|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging|first1=Wisdom|last1=Tettey|first2=Korbla P.|last2=Puplampu|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|via=Google Books|isbn=9781552381755}}</ref><ref name="Efua">{{cite web|url=http://www.dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/4976?show=full|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720040740/http://www.dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/4976?show=full|archive-date=2014-07-20|title=Exploring perspectives about sexuality among Ghanaian youth living in Canada: Understanding the impact of cultural contact.|first=Boafo-Arthur|last=Efua|date=11 September 2013|access-date=4 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{pn|date=March 2022}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vergemagazine.com/volunteer-abroad/blogs/963-canadians-and-ghanaians-kindred-spirits.html|title=Canadians and Ghanaians – Kindred Spirits?|first=Leigh|last=Matassa|website=Vergemagazine.com|access-date=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cireport.ca/2010/06/26/ghanaians-enslaving-ghanaians-in-canada/|title=Ghanaians enslaving Ghanaians in Canada|last=CIR|date=26 June 2010|website=Cireport.ca|access-date=4 March 2017}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 === Languages ===
-Ghanaian Canadians speak English, and often also speak [[Akan language|Akan]], [[Kwa languages|Kwa]] and [[Twi]]. Ghanaians have an easier time adapting to life in Canada than other immigrants because their homeland of Ghana has the [[English language]] as the official language and it is spoken by the majority of Ghana's population.
+Most Ghanaian Canadians speak English fluently as it is the official language of communication in Ghana. Most also speak local languages in addition to English, the most popular being Twi. Other spoken languages are Fante, Ga, Ewe, Dagbani, Nzema, Gonja, and Kasem. Ghanaians have an easier time adapting to life in Canada than other immigrants because their homeland of Ghana has the [[English language]] as the official language and it is spoken by the majority of Ghana's population.{{cn|date=November 2022}}
+==Demographics==
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+|-
+|+Population by ancestry by Canadian province or territory ([[Canada 2016 Census|2016]])
+|-
+! Province !! Population !! Percentage !! Source
+|-
+| {{ON}}|| 24,845 || 0.2% || <ref name="2016ON">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=35&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{AB}} || 4,465 || 0.1% || <ref name="2016AB">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=48&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Alberta, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{QC}} || 3,235 || 0.0% || <ref name="2016QC">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&Geo=24 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Quebec, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{BC}} || 1,600 || 0.0% || <ref name="2016BC">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=59&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), British Columbia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{SK}} || 555 || 0.1% || <ref name="2016SK">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=47&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Saskatchewan, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{MB}} || 385 || 0.0% || <ref name="2016MB">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=46&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Manitoba, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{NS}} || 190 || 0.0% || <ref name="2016NS">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=12&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nova Scotia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{NB}} || 95 || 0.0% || <ref name="2016NB">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=13&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), New Brunswick, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{NL}} || 65 || 0.0% || <ref name="2016NL">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=10&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{NT}} || 30 || 0.1% || <ref name="2016NT">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=61&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Northwest Territories, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{PE}} || 15 || 0.0% || <ref name="2016PE">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=11&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Prince Edward Island, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{YK}} || 15 || 0.0% || <ref name="2016YK">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=60&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{flag|Nunavut}} || 10 || 0.0% || <ref name="2016NU">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&SP=1&geo=62&age=1&sex=1 |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nunavut, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data  |website=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
+|-
+| {{CAN}} || '''35,495''' || '''0.1%''' || {{fact|date=March 2022}}
+|}
 ==Notable people==
 {{see also|Category:Canadian people of Ghanaian descent}}
+{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|*
+===Athletes===
+*[[Ruky Abdulai]], long jumper and heptathlete
+*[[Jeff Addai]], soccer player
+*[[Natey Adjei]], football player
+*[[Richard Adu-Bobie]], sprinter
+*[[Martha Adusei]], sprinter
+*[[Kojo Aidoo]], football player
+*[[Ohenewa Akuffo]], wrestler
+*[[Kwabena Asare]], football player
+*[[Nana Attakora]], soccer player
+*[[Kwame Awuah]], soccer player
+*[[Kwaku Boateng (high jumper)|Kwaku Boateng]], high jumper
+*[[Alphonso Davies]] (born in Ghana to Liberian parents), soccer player
+*[[Randy Edwini-Bonsu]], soccer player
+*[[Sam Effah]], sprinter
+*[[Kaya Forson]], swimmer
+*[[Richie Laryea]], soccer player
+*Eric Lee, football player
+*[[Philomena Mensah]], sprinter
+*[[Christabel Nettey]], long jumper
+*[[William Njoku]], basketball player
+*[[Kofi Opare]], soccer player
+*[[Flings Owusu-Agyapong]], sprinter
-===Sports===
+===Beauty Queens===
+*[[Menaye Donkor]], beauty queen, entrepreneur and philanthropist
-*[[Laryea Adjetey]]
+*[[Adwoa Yamoah]], beauty queen
-*[[Richard Adu-Bobie]]
-*[[Ohenewa Akuffo]]
-===Music, arts and entertainment===
+===Media, Film and Television===
-*[[Jackie Appiah]]
+*[[Jackie Appiah]], actress
+*[[Jojo Chintoh]], broadcast journalist
-*[[Kae Sun]], stage name of Kwaku Darko-Mensah Jnr
+*[[Nana aba Duncan]] radio host and writer
+*[[Florence Blain Mbaye]], actress
+*[[Hailliote Sumney]], actress and television personality
-===Other===
+===Musicians===
+*[[Kwajo Cinqo]], rapper, producer, and record executive
-*[[Adwoa Yamoah]]
+*[[Emay (rapper)|Emay]], rapper
+*[[Friyie]], rapper and singer
+*[[Rich Kidd]], rapper and producer
+*[[Kae Sun]], singer-songwriter
+*[[Spek Won]], rapper
+===Writers and Authors===
+*[[Randell Adjei]], poet
+*[[Esi Edugyan]], novelist
+*[[Dannabang Kuwabong]], author, poet and professor
+}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 44: / Line 114: @@
 [[Category:Canadian people of Ghanaian descent|*]]
-[[Category:African Canadian]]
+[[Category:African diaspora in Canada]]
-[[Category:History of Ghana]]
+[[Category:Social history of Ghana]]
-[[Category:Ethnic groups in Canada]]