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{{Short description|Australian politician (1883–1955)}}
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'''Millicent Preston-Stanley''' (9 September 1883 – 23 June 1955) was an Australian [[feminist]], and politician who was the first female member of the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly]]. In 1925 she became the second woman to enter government in Australia.{{efn|[[Edith Cowan]] entered the [[Legislative Assembly of Western Australia]] in 1921; [[May Holman]] entered the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia on 3 April 1925 two months before Millicent Preston-Stanley was elected, but on the Opposition benches.}} She was also among the first women in New South Wales to become Justices of the Peace and served as president of the Women Justices Association from 1923 to 1926.<ref name=wh>{{cite web|title=Millicent Preston Stanley, MLA NSW 1925-27|url=http://womenshistory.net.au/2009/02/03/millicent-preston-stanley-mla-nsw-1925-27/|website=Australian Women's History Forum|accessdate=31 October 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031055642/http://womenshistory.net.au/2009/02/03/millicent-preston-stanley-mla-nsw-1925-27/|archivedate=31 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Throughout her life she advocated for women's rights, health reform, and [[Temperance movement|temperance]].<ref name="adb">{{cite AuDB |last1=Radi |first1=Heather |title=Preston Stanley, Millicent Fanny (1883–1955) |id2=preston-stanley-millicent-fanny-8107 |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref>
'''Millicent Preston-Stanley''' (9 September 1883 – 23 June 1955) was an Australian [[feminist]] and politician who served as the first female member of the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly]]. In 1925, she became the second woman to enter government in Australia.{{efn|[[Edith Cowan]] entered the [[Legislative Assembly of Western Australia]] in 1921; [[May Holman]] entered the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia on 3 April 1925 two months before Millicent Preston-Stanley was elected, but on the Opposition benches.}} She was also among the first women in New South Wales to become [[Justice of the peace|Justices of the Peace]] and served as president of the Women Justices Association from 1923 to 1926.<ref name=wh>{{cite web|title=Millicent Preston Stanley, MLA NSW 1925-27|url=http://womenshistory.net.au/2009/02/03/millicent-preston-stanley-mla-nsw-1925-27/|website=Australian Women's History Forum|accessdate=31 October 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031055642/http://womenshistory.net.au/2009/02/03/millicent-preston-stanley-mla-nsw-1925-27/|archivedate=31 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Throughout her life, Preston-Stanley advocated for women's rights, health reform, and [[Temperance movement|temperance]].<ref name="adb">{{cite AuDB |last1=Radi |first1=Heather |title=Preston Stanley, Millicent Fanny (1883–1955) |id2=preston-stanley-millicent-fanny-8107 |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref>


⚫
== Personal life ==
In 1925 Preston-Stanley became the first female member of the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Electoral district of Eastern Suburbs (New South Wales)|Eastern Suburbs]] as a member of the [[Nationalist Party of Australia|Nationalist Party]], one of the historic predecessor parties to today's [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]]. After a failed bid in the 1921 election she persevered and picked the seat up in May 1925, and held the seat until September 1927.<ref name="Millicent Preston-Stanley NSW parl">{{cite NSW Parliament |title=Miss Millicent Preston-Stanley (1883–1955) |id=1394 |former=Yes |accessdate=11 May 2019}}</ref>
Millicent Fanny Stanley was born in [[Sydney]]{{efn|An assertion by [[Mary Liddell]] that Stanley was born in Melbourne<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article113921462 |author=[[Mary Liddell]] |title=An Impression |newspaper=[[Evening News (Sydney)]] |issue=18079 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=1 June 1925 |access-date=22 May 2024 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> was never contradicted. She also said her father died when she was young. It is likely he was the Augustine Gregory Stanley who fell foul of the law in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, in 1906.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article33036048 |title=Money that Was Not Returned |newspaper=[[Kalgoorlie Western Argus]] |volume=XII |issue=601 |location=Western Australia |date=26 June 1906 |access-date=25 May 2024 |page=25 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>}} in 1883. She was the daughter of Augustine Gregory Stanley, a [[grocer]]<!--not a greengrocer — see ref-->, and his wife Fanny Ellen Stanley (née Preston) (c. 1859 – 9 September 1934).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17086951 |title=Mrs F. E. Preston Stanley |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |issue=30,167 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=10 September 1934 |accessdate=24 May 2024 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia}} </ref> After her father deserted the family,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article236105870 |title=Law |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)]] |issue=4805 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=15 November 1894 |access-date=24 May 2024 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> her mother obtained a divorce<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article227101636 |title=Divorce Court |newspaper=[[The Australian Star]] |issue=2198 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=21 February 1895 |access-date=24 May 2024 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> and adopted the surname "Preston-Stanley" for herself and her daughter.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rubie|first1=Noel|title=Millicent F. Preston-Stanley Vaughan 1883 – 1955|url=http://www.portrait.gov.au/people/millicent-fanny-preston-stanley-vaughan-1883|website=National Portrait Gallery|accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref>


She had at least one brother, Victor Charles Preston-Stanley (died 26 June 1919),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article239601412 |title=Influenza |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)]] |issue=12521 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=28 June 1919 |access-date=25 May 2024 |page=12 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> who was the father of Major Preston-Stanley, and of Betty Preston-Stanley who married Major John Gray, and Joan Preston-Stanley.
⚫
== Early life ==
Millicent Fanny Stanley was born in [[Sydney]] in 1883. She was the daughter of Augustine Stanley, a greengrocer, and his wife Frances (née Preston). After her father deserted the family, her mother obtained a divorce and reverted to her birth name, which Millicent Fanny also adopted.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rubie|first1=Noel|title=Millicent F. Preston-Stanley Vaughan 1883 – 1955|url=http://www.portrait.gov.au/people/millicent-fanny-preston-stanley-vaughan-1883|website=National Portrait Gallery|accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> She was actively involved in women's groups such as the Women's Liberal League and served as the president of the Feminist Club from 1919 to 1934 and from 1952 until her death in 1955.<ref name=adb/><ref name=fwmp>{{cite web
|title=1919 to 1929 – The Twenties
|publisher=[[Parliament of New South Wales]]
|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTwenties#Section4
|accessdate=2007-04-20
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703074426/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTwenties
|archivedate=3 July 2007
}}</ref>


Preston-Stanley married [[Crawford Vaughan]], former [[Premier of South Australia]], in 1934. She died on 23 June 1955 in the [[Sydney]] suburb of [[Randwick, New South Wales|Randwick]] from cerebro-vascular disease.<ref name="adb" />
Preston-Stanley married [[Crawford Vaughan]], former [[Premier of South Australia]], in 1934. She died on 23 June 1955 in the [[Sydney]] suburb of [[Randwick, New South Wales|Randwick]] from [[cerebrovascular disease]].<ref name="adb" />


== Political life ==
== Political career ==
By 1906 Preston Stanley was a council member of the N.S.W. Women's Liberal League, when its president/secretary was [[Mrs Molyneux Parkes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article175372318 |title=N.S.W. Women's Liberal League |newspaper=[[Melbourne Punch]] |location=Victoria, Australia |date=4 January 1906 |access-date=24 May 2024 |page=23 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
⚫
Millicent Preston-Stanley served as the member for the Eastern Suburbs from 1925 to 1927, campaigning for maternal mortality, reform in child welfare, amendments to the Health Act and better housing.<ref name=carey>{{cite web|last1=Carey|first1=Jane|title=Preston-Stanley, Millicent (1883–1955)|url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE1021b.htm|archive-url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/40956/20050317-0000/www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE1021b.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 March 2005|website=NW Australian Women Biographical Entry|publisher=National Foundation for Australian Women|accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> Millicent Preston-Stanley delivered her inaugural address to the Legislative Assembly of the New South Wales Parliament on 26 August 1925.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.nsw.gov.au/enwiki/api/hansard/search/daily/searchablepdf/HANSARD-290296563-4349|title=LA Full Day Hansard Transcript|date=26 August 1925|website=Parliament of New South Wales|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044008/https://api.parliament.nsw.gov.au/enwiki/api/hansard/search/daily/searchablepdf/HANSARD%2D290296563%2D4349|archive-date=2017-09-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> Millicent Preston-Stanley used the opportunity to address her colleagues who did not believe that women had a role in politics. Some notable quotes include:<ref name=":1" />
* ''"Some hon. members have been kind enough to suggest that women should be protected from the hurly-burly of politics. This attitude of mind may do credit to the softness of their hearts, and I think it may also be taken as'' prima facie ''evidence of a little softening in their heads.''"
* "''...we are told that Parliament is no fit place for women. I am not prepared to admit that such is the case, otherwise I would not be here; but if it is so it is the most serious indictment which can be lodged against men, because Parliament up-to-date is an institution of their own making''."
* "''Women have a contribution to make to the life of the nation which they only can make. It is an extraordinary thing that men claim that they can interpret women's legislative ambitions better than the women can do it themselves.''"
* "''But I want to make it clear that I am not here merely as the representative of one sex. I believe that women's questions are national questions, and that national questions are women's questions, and it may be shown that woman can take her place amongst the representatives of the people in the Parliament of the country and play her part in the political life of the nation.''"
In addition, Millicent Preston-Stanley's inaugural address argued against reducing the forty-eight hour work week to forty-four hours, and pointed to the fact that the average woman works 112 hours per week.<ref name=":1" />


Her bid in 1922 for one of the four multi-member [[Electoral district of Eastern Suburbs (New South Wales)|Eastern Suburbs]] seats on the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly]] failed<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223941746 |title=Eastern Suburbs |newspaper=[[The Sun (Sydney)]] |issue=3565 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=4 April 1922 |access-date=25 May 2024 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> (having been placed fifth on the Coalition ticket),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article246447056 |title=New Old Woman |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)]] |issue=13,383 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=3 April 1922 |access-date=25 May 2024 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> but in May 1925 she was successful, winning the seat for the [[Nationalist Party (Australia)|Nationalist Party]], one of the historic predecessors of today's [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]].<ref name="Millicent Preston-Stanley NSW parl">{{cite NSW Parliament |title=Miss Millicent Preston-Stanley (1883–1955) |id=1394 |former=Yes |access-date=11 May 2019}}</ref>
Millicent Preston-Stanley was the president of the [http://trove.nla.gov.au/people/750076?c=people Feminist Club of New South Wales] from 1919 through to 1934, and again from 1936 to 1938.<ref name="carey" /> The club was amongst the organisations that successfully lobbied for the introduction of the Women's Legal Status Act 1918 which entitled women to stand for election in the Lower House and local government, and to become Justices of the Peace.<ref name="wh" /> Millicent was one of the first women in New South Wales to be appointed a Justice of the Peace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au|publisher=First Woman Member of the NSW Parliament|accessdate=5 November 2015|title=Parliament of NSW}}</ref> She was commissioned as a Justice of the Peace in 1921 and was President of the Women's Justices' Association from 1923 to 1926.<ref name="Millicent Preston-Stanley NSW parl"/>
⚫
She campaigned for reductions in [[Maternal death|maternal mortality]], reform in child welfare, amendments to the Health Act, and better housing.<ref name=carey>{{cite web|last1=Carey|first1=Jane|title=Preston-Stanley, Millicent (1883–1955)|url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE1021b.htm|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20050316130000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/40956/20050317-0000/www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE1021b.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 March 2005|website=NW Australian Women Biographical Entry|publisher=National Foundation for Australian Women|accessdate=30 October 2014}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} This article contains several demonstrable errors.</ref> She delivered her [[inaugural address]] to the Legislative Assembly of the [[Parliament of New South Wales|New South Wales Parliament]] on 26 August 1925, using the opportunity to address those of her colleagues who did not believe that women had a role in politics.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 August 1925 |title=Legislative Assembly Full Day Hansard Transcript |url=https://api.parliament.nsw.gov.au/enwiki/api/hansard/search/daily/searchablepdf/HANSARD-290296563-4349 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044008/https://api.parliament.nsw.gov.au/enwiki/api/hansard/search/daily/searchablepdf/HANSARD%2D290296563%2D4349 |archive-date=2017-09-29 |website=Parliament of New South Wales}}</ref> She said: <blockquote>Some hon. members have been kind enough to suggest that women should be protected from the hurly-burly of politics. This attitude of mind may do credit to the softness of their hearts, and I think it may also be taken as ''[[prima facie]]'' evidence of a little softening in their heads. … I believe that women's questions are national questions, and that national questions are women's questions, and it may be shown that woman can take her place amongst the representatives of the people in the Parliament of the country and play her part in the political life of the nation.</blockquote>In addition, her inaugural address argued against reducing the 48 hour [[Workweek and weekend|workweek]] to 44 hours, arguing that the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] should first shorten the average woman's workweek, which she claimed was 112 hours.<ref name=":1" />
⚫
In parliament she campaigned on the issues of women's mortality in childbirth, child welfare, institutional care for the mentally ill, and custody rights in divorce.<ref>Parliamentary Education and Community Relations and Parliamentary Archives 6/99</ref>
She personally took up the cause of actress [[Emélie Polini]], whose ex-husband and his mother had custody of their daughter Patricia. In 1924 Emélie sued for the right to take her daughter on a trip to London after they refused her permission.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article106748041 |title=Emelie Polini's Baby |newspaper=[[Daily Herald (Adelaide)|Daily Herald]] |location=Adelaide |date=29 March 1924 |access-date=25 May 2024 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> This was denied by Mr Justice Harvey.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129833911 |title=Custody of Child |newspaper=[[The News (Adelaide)]] |location=Adelaide |date=10 April 1924 |access-date=25 May 2024 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Though her private member's bill on equal custody rights failed she continued the campaign. She wrote a play ''Whose Child?'' based on this case.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32572513 |title=Music and the Theatre |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |location=Perth |date=19 November 1932 |accessdate=10 March 2014 |page=5 |via=Trove}}</ref>
She also lobbied for family planning and sex education, a focus on maternal and child health, and for a chair of obstetrics at the medical school, sarcastically calling for "'Horses' rights for women" after the University of Sydney instead established a course in veterinary obstetrics.<ref name=adb/>


Preston-Stanley had her detractors: [[Theo. H. Hill]], while conceding her power as an orator, criticised her work ethic — she received £875 per year as a legislator, yet seldom attended sittings. He used her record to support his opposition to appointment of women to the Upper House.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article245845365 |title=The Woman Legislator |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)]] |issue=14,372 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=1 January 1926 |access-date=22 May 2024 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The Eastern Suburbs seat was abolished in 1927 and in the fresh elections both Preston-Stanley and [[H. V. Jaques]] stood as Nationalist candidates for the single-member seat of [[Electoral district of Bondi|Bondi]], and Jaques was successful. That was her last attempt at parliamentary honours.
⚫
A fervent supporter of the [[United Australia Party|United Australia Party (UAP)]] — a precursor to the Liberal Party — Millicent Preston-Stanley brought the club to prominence in the 1930s. Under her leadership the club stood apart from many other women's organisations that existed in the period in that the latter — like the Australian Women's Guild of Empire — concerned themselves with matters revolving around home keeping, family, and religiosity. Their purpose was primarily evangelical, and social, helping to cultivate resources and gatherings for women to attend and exchange information and skills in craftwork like sewing, knitting and so forth.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Castle|first1=Josie|last2=in Windschuttle|first2=Elizabeth (ed.)|title=Women, Class and History: Feminist Perspectives on Australia, 1788-1978|date=1980|publisher=Dominion Press|location=Melbourne, VIC|pages=287–307}}</ref> It was precisely the entrenched notion that politics did not form part of "women's concerns" that the feminist movement of the 1930s was sought to dislodge,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Foley|first1=Meredith|title=The Feminist Movement in New South Wales and Victoria, 1918-1938|date=1985|publisher=Thesis, University of Sydney|location=Sydney|page=5}}</ref> and it was this apolitical focus that distinguished the women's organisations of the period from the Feminist Club of New South Wales. The Feminist Club's objective was "to secure equality of liberty, status and opportunity in all spheres between men and women.’<ref>{{cite book|last1=The Feminist Club of NSW|title=The Feminist Club of NSW – Silver Jubilee Souvenir 1914-1939|date=1939|publisher=B.H. Macdougal|location=Sydney|page=1}}</ref>


Preston-Stanley was actively involved in women's groups such as the Women's Liberal League. She re-formed the [[Feminist Club]] of New South Wales and served as its president from 1920<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article222669013 |title=Social Gossip |newspaper=[[The Sun (Sydney)]] |issue=921 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=21 November 1920 |accessdate=22 May 2024 |page=14 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> to 1928 when [[Ada S. Holman]] was elected to the position.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article122818583 |title=Mrs Holman Defends the Feminiss |newspaper=[[Sunday Times (Sydney)]] |issue=2204 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=29 April 1928 |access-date=22 May 2024 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> and from 1952 until her death in 1955.<ref name="adb" /><ref name="fwmp">{{cite web |title=1919 to 1929 – The Twenties |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTwenties#Section4 |url-status=dead |publisher=[[Parliament of New South Wales]] |access-date=2007-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703074426/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTwenties |archivedate=3 July 2007}}</ref><ref name="carey" /> The club was amongst the organisations that successfully lobbied for the introduction of the Women's Legal Status Act 1918, which allowed women to run for office in the Lower House and local government, and to become [[Justice of the peace|Justices of the Peace]].<ref name="wh" /> She was, in 1921, one of the first women in New South Wales to be appointed a Justice of the Peace,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au|publisher=First Woman Member of the NSW Parliament|accessdate=5 November 2015|title=Parliament of NSW}}</ref> and was President of the Women's Justices' Association from 1923 to 1926.<ref name="Millicent Preston-Stanley NSW parl" />
⚫
In parliament she campaigned on the issues of women's mortality in childbirth, child welfare, institutional care for the mentally ill, and custody rights in divorce.<ref>Parliamentary Education and Community Relations and Parliamentary Archives 6/99</ref> She also lobbied for the rights of mothers to custody of their children, family planning and sex education, a focus on maternal and child health, and for a chair of obstetrics at the medical school, sarcastically calling for "'Horses' rights for women" after the University of Sydney instead established a course in veterinary obstetrics.<ref name=adb/>


She personally took up the cause of actress [[Emélie Polini]], who failed to regain custody of her daughter Patricia when she returned to her native England. Though her private member's bill on equal custody rights failed she continued the campaign. She wrote a play ''Whose Child?'' based on this case.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32572513 |title=Music and the Theatre |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |location=Perth |date=19 November 1932 |accessdate=10 March 2014 |page=5 |via=Trove}}</ref>
Around 1929 the Feminist Club was in discussion with the [[Women's League of N.S.W.]] and the [[Women Voters' Association]] to form a unified lobby group, but the Feminist Club, which had developed into a private club for professional women, voted against joining the [[United Associations]], resulting in the resignation of numerous members, including the president, [[Jessie Street]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article245514004 |title=Fourteen Feminists Resign with President of Club |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]] |issue=15,596 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=4 December 1929 |access-date=19 May 2024 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>


⚫
A fervent supporter of the [[United Australia Party|United Australia Party (UAP)]] — a precursor to the Liberal Party — Millicent Preston-Stanley brought the Feminist Club to prominence in the 1930s. Under her leadership the club stood apart from many other women's organisations that existed in the period in that the latter — like the Australian Women's Guild of Empire — concerned themselves with matters revolving around home keeping, family, and religiosity. Their purpose was primarily evangelical, and social, helping to cultivate resources and gatherings for women to attend and exchange information and skills in craftwork like sewing, knitting and so forth.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Castle|first1=Josie|editor=Windschuttle, Elizabeth |title=Women, Class and History: Feminist Perspectives on Australia, 1788-1978|date=1980|publisher=Dominion Press|location=Melbourne, VIC|pages=287–307}}</ref> It was precisely the entrenched notion that politics did not form part of "women's concerns" that the feminist movement of the 1930s sought to dislodge,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Foley|first1=Meredith|title=The Feminist Movement in New South Wales and Victoria, 1918-1938|date=1985|publisher=Thesis, University of Sydney|location=Sydney|page=5}}</ref> and it was this apolitical focus that distinguished the women's organisations of the period from the Feminist Club of New South Wales. The Feminist Club's objective was "to secure equality of liberty, status and opportunity in all spheres between men and women.’<ref>{{cite book|last1=The Feminist Club of NSW|title=The Feminist Club of NSW – Silver Jubilee Souvenir 1914–1939|date=1939|publisher=B. H. Macdougal|location=Sydney|page=1}}</ref>
She left parliament in 1927 after an electoral redistribution of the newly created seat of [[Electoral district of Bondi|Bondi]] saw her defeated at the polls.<ref>Parliament of New south wales, History Bulletin 6, women in the New South Wales Parliament</ref>

In 1947 she founded the [[Australian Women's Movement Against Socialisation]] in response to the establishment of a national bank by [[Ben Chifley|Chifley]]'s Labor Party.<ref>{{cite thesis|title=Spectacle and Political Gimmicks: The Women's Crusade for Liberty, 1947–1949 |author=Wendy Michaels |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/pdf/10.3316/informit.284501170577774 |publisher=University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW}}</ref>

==Works==
*''Whose Child?'', a play by M. Preston-Stanley, produced by George D. Parker at the Criterion Theatre on 26 November 1932, and based on the [[Emelie Polini]] case. Actors included [[Nancye Stewart]] and Miss Preston-Stanley herself.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16933737 |title="Whose Child?" |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |issue=29,610 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=28 November 1932 |access-date=22 May 2024 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
*''Husbands on Parade'' 1935 (musical)
*''The Madonna of Mean Street'' 1936
*(with Crawford) ''The Call of the Magpie'' 1936
*''Australia Marches On'' 1938 radio talks on 2GB<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51589657 |title=All Women Like to Sing Together |newspaper=[[The Australian Women's Weekly]] |volume=6 |issue=28 |location=Australia, Australia |date=17 December 1938 |access-date=25 May 2024 |page=46 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
*(with Richard Hans Forst) ''The Little Brown House'' (musical) 1940

==Recognition==
*A portrait of Preston-Stanley by [[Reginald Jerrold-Nathan]] hangs in [[Parliament House, Sydney]]
*A portrait by [[Mary Edwell-Burke|Mary Edwards]] hangs in the [[Dixson Library]], Sydney


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 75: Line 81:
[[Category:Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Nationalist Party of Australia members of the Parliament of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Nationalist Party of Australia members of the Parliament of New South Wales]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Women members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Neurological disease deaths in New South Wales]]
[[Category:Deaths from cerebrovascular disease]]
[[Category:Deaths from cerebrovascular disease]]

Latest revision as of 10:11, 24 November 2024

Millicent Preston-Stanley
Millicent Fanny Preston Stanley
Member of the New South Wales Parliament for Eastern Suburbs
In office
1925–1927
Preceded byCharles Oakes
Succeeded byConstituency abolished
Personal details
Born(1883-09-09)9 September 1883
Sydney, Australia
Died23 June 1955(1955-06-23) (aged 71)
Political partyNationalist
OccupationPolitician

Millicent Preston-Stanley (9 September 1883 – 23 June 1955) was an Australian feminist and politician who served as the first female member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. In 1925, she became the second woman to enter government in Australia.[a] She was also among the first women in New South Wales to become Justices of the Peace and served as president of the Women Justices Association from 1923 to 1926.[1] Throughout her life, Preston-Stanley advocated for women's rights, health reform, and temperance.[2]

Personal life

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Millicent Fanny Stanley was born in Sydney[b] in 1883. She was the daughter of Augustine Gregory Stanley, a grocer, and his wife Fanny Ellen Stanley (née Preston) (c. 1859 – 9 September 1934).[5] After her father deserted the family,[6] her mother obtained a divorce[7] and adopted the surname "Preston-Stanley" for herself and her daughter.[8]

She had at least one brother, Victor Charles Preston-Stanley (died 26 June 1919),[9] who was the father of Major Preston-Stanley, and of Betty Preston-Stanley who married Major John Gray, and Joan Preston-Stanley.

Preston-Stanley married Crawford Vaughan, former Premier of South Australia, in 1934. She died on 23 June 1955 in the Sydney suburb of Randwick from cerebrovascular disease.[2]

Political career

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By 1906 Preston Stanley was a council member of the N.S.W. Women's Liberal League, when its president/secretary was Mrs Molyneux Parkes.[10]

Her bid in 1922 for one of the four multi-member Eastern Suburbs seats on the New South Wales Legislative Assembly failed[11] (having been placed fifth on the Coalition ticket),[12] but in May 1925 she was successful, winning the seat for the Nationalist Party, one of the historic predecessors of today's Liberal Party.[13]

She campaigned for reductions in maternal mortality, reform in child welfare, amendments to the Health Act, and better housing.[14] She delivered her inaugural address to the Legislative Assembly of the New South Wales Parliament on 26 August 1925, using the opportunity to address those of her colleagues who did not believe that women had a role in politics.[15] She said:

Some hon. members have been kind enough to suggest that women should be protected from the hurly-burly of politics. This attitude of mind may do credit to the softness of their hearts, and I think it may also be taken as prima facie evidence of a little softening in their heads. … I believe that women's questions are national questions, and that national questions are women's questions, and it may be shown that woman can take her place amongst the representatives of the people in the Parliament of the country and play her part in the political life of the nation.

In addition, her inaugural address argued against reducing the 48 hour workweek to 44 hours, arguing that the Labor Party should first shorten the average woman's workweek, which she claimed was 112 hours.[15]

In parliament she campaigned on the issues of women's mortality in childbirth, child welfare, institutional care for the mentally ill, and custody rights in divorce.[16] She personally took up the cause of actress Emélie Polini, whose ex-husband and his mother had custody of their daughter Patricia. In 1924 Emélie sued for the right to take her daughter on a trip to London after they refused her permission.[17] This was denied by Mr Justice Harvey.[18] Though her private member's bill on equal custody rights failed she continued the campaign. She wrote a play Whose Child? based on this case.[19] She also lobbied for family planning and sex education, a focus on maternal and child health, and for a chair of obstetrics at the medical school, sarcastically calling for "'Horses' rights for women" after the University of Sydney instead established a course in veterinary obstetrics.[2]

Preston-Stanley had her detractors: Theo. H. Hill, while conceding her power as an orator, criticised her work ethic — she received £875 per year as a legislator, yet seldom attended sittings. He used her record to support his opposition to appointment of women to the Upper House.[20] The Eastern Suburbs seat was abolished in 1927 and in the fresh elections both Preston-Stanley and H. V. Jaques stood as Nationalist candidates for the single-member seat of Bondi, and Jaques was successful. That was her last attempt at parliamentary honours.

Preston-Stanley was actively involved in women's groups such as the Women's Liberal League. She re-formed the Feminist Club of New South Wales and served as its president from 1920[21] to 1928 when Ada S. Holman was elected to the position.[22] and from 1952 until her death in 1955.[2][23][14] The club was amongst the organisations that successfully lobbied for the introduction of the Women's Legal Status Act 1918, which allowed women to run for office in the Lower House and local government, and to become Justices of the Peace.[1] She was, in 1921, one of the first women in New South Wales to be appointed a Justice of the Peace,[24] and was President of the Women's Justices' Association from 1923 to 1926.[13]

Around 1929 the Feminist Club was in discussion with the Women's League of N.S.W. and the Women Voters' Association to form a unified lobby group, but the Feminist Club, which had developed into a private club for professional women, voted against joining the United Associations, resulting in the resignation of numerous members, including the president, Jessie Street.[25]

A fervent supporter of the United Australia Party (UAP) — a precursor to the Liberal Party — Millicent Preston-Stanley brought the Feminist Club to prominence in the 1930s. Under her leadership the club stood apart from many other women's organisations that existed in the period in that the latter — like the Australian Women's Guild of Empire — concerned themselves with matters revolving around home keeping, family, and religiosity. Their purpose was primarily evangelical, and social, helping to cultivate resources and gatherings for women to attend and exchange information and skills in craftwork like sewing, knitting and so forth.[26] It was precisely the entrenched notion that politics did not form part of "women's concerns" that the feminist movement of the 1930s sought to dislodge,[27] and it was this apolitical focus that distinguished the women's organisations of the period from the Feminist Club of New South Wales. The Feminist Club's objective was "to secure equality of liberty, status and opportunity in all spheres between men and women.’[28]

In 1947 she founded the Australian Women's Movement Against Socialisation in response to the establishment of a national bank by Chifley's Labor Party.[29]

Works

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  • Whose Child?, a play by M. Preston-Stanley, produced by George D. Parker at the Criterion Theatre on 26 November 1932, and based on the Emelie Polini case. Actors included Nancye Stewart and Miss Preston-Stanley herself.[30]
  • Husbands on Parade 1935 (musical)
  • The Madonna of Mean Street 1936
  • (with Crawford) The Call of the Magpie 1936
  • Australia Marches On 1938 radio talks on 2GB[31]
  • (with Richard Hans Forst) The Little Brown House (musical) 1940

Recognition

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Notes

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  1. ^ Edith Cowan entered the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia in 1921; May Holman entered the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia on 3 April 1925 two months before Millicent Preston-Stanley was elected, but on the Opposition benches.
  2. ^ An assertion by Mary Liddell that Stanley was born in Melbourne[3] was never contradicted. She also said her father died when she was young. It is likely he was the Augustine Gregory Stanley who fell foul of the law in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, in 1906.[4]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Millicent Preston Stanley, MLA NSW 1925-27". Australian Women's History Forum. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d Radi, Heather. "Preston Stanley, Millicent Fanny (1883–1955)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
  3. ^ Mary Liddell (1 June 1925). "An Impression". Evening News (Sydney). No. 18079. New South Wales, Australia. p. 6. Retrieved 22 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. ^ "Money that Was Not Returned". Kalgoorlie Western Argus. Vol. XII, no. 601. Western Australia. 26 June 1906. p. 25. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. ^ "Mrs F. E. Preston Stanley". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 30, 167. New South Wales, Australia. 10 September 1934. p. 10. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^ "Law". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). No. 4805. New South Wales, Australia. 15 November 1894. p. 3. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ "Divorce Court". The Australian Star. No. 2198. New South Wales, Australia. 21 February 1895. p. 2. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ Rubie, Noel. "Millicent F. Preston-Stanley Vaughan 1883 – 1955". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
  9. ^ "Influenza". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). No. 12521. New South Wales, Australia. 28 June 1919. p. 12. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ^ "N.S.W. Women's Liberal League". Melbourne Punch. Victoria, Australia. 4 January 1906. p. 23. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "Eastern Suburbs". The Sun (Sydney). No. 3565. New South Wales, Australia. 4 April 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "New Old Woman". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). No. 13, 383. New South Wales, Australia. 3 April 1922. p. 4. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ a b "Miss Millicent Preston-Stanley (1883–1955)". Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  14. ^ a b Carey, Jane. "Preston-Stanley, Millicent (1883–1955)". NW Australian Women Biographical Entry. National Foundation for Australian Women. Archived from the original on 16 March 2005. Retrieved 30 October 2014. This article contains several demonstrable errors.
  15. ^ a b "Legislative Assembly Full Day Hansard Transcript". Parliament of New South Wales. 26 August 1925. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017.
  16. ^ Parliamentary Education and Community Relations and Parliamentary Archives 6/99
  17. ^ "Emelie Polini's Baby". Daily Herald. Adelaide. 29 March 1924. p. 2. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. ^ "Custody of Child". The News (Adelaide). Adelaide. 10 April 1924. p. 7. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ "Music and the Theatre". The West Australian. Perth. 19 November 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 10 March 2014 – via Trove.
  20. ^ "The Woman Legislator". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). No. 14, 372. New South Wales, Australia. 1 January 1926. p. 4. Retrieved 22 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. ^ "Social Gossip". The Sun (Sydney). No. 921. New South Wales, Australia. 21 November 1920. p. 14. Retrieved 22 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ^ "Mrs Holman Defends the Feminiss". Sunday Times (Sydney). No. 2204. New South Wales, Australia. 29 April 1928. p. 4. Retrieved 22 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ^ "1919 to 1929 – The Twenties". Parliament of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2007.
  24. ^ "Parliament of NSW". First Woman Member of the NSW Parliament. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  25. ^ "Fourteen Feminists Resign with President of Club". The Daily Telegraph. No. 15, 596. New South Wales, Australia. 4 December 1929. p. 7. Retrieved 19 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  26. ^ Castle, Josie (1980). Windschuttle, Elizabeth (ed.). Women, Class and History: Feminist Perspectives on Australia, 1788-1978. Melbourne, VIC: Dominion Press. pp. 287–307.
  27. ^ Foley, Meredith (1985). The Feminist Movement in New South Wales and Victoria, 1918-1938. Sydney: Thesis, University of Sydney. p. 5.
  28. ^ The Feminist Club of NSW (1939). The Feminist Club of NSW – Silver Jubilee Souvenir 1914–1939. Sydney: B. H. Macdougal. p. 1.
  29. ^ Wendy Michaels. Spectacle and Political Gimmicks: The Women's Crusade for Liberty, 1947–1949 (Thesis). University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW.
  30. ^ ""Whose Child?"". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 29, 610. New South Wales, Australia. 28 November 1932. p. 4. Retrieved 22 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  31. ^ "All Women Like to Sing Together". The Australian Women's Weekly. Vol. 6, no. 28. Australia, Australia. 17 December 1938. p. 46. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Preceded by Member for Eastern Suburbs
1925 – 1927
With: Foster, Jaques, Alldis, O'Halloran 		District abolished
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