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{{Short description|District in India}}

{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{India Districts
|Name = Tirap
| name = Tirap
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Arunachal Pradesh|District]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|Local =
| total_type = Total
|State = Arunachal Pradesh
| native_name = Tirap
|Division =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|HQ = Khonsa
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|Map = Arunachal Pradesh district location map Tirap.svg
|text= '''Tirap district'''
|Coordinates =
|type=shape |id=Q15448
|Area =2362
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|Population = 111997<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |title= District Census 2011 |publisher=Census2011.co.in }}</ref>
|stroke-width=2
|Year = 2011
|title= Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh
|Density =
|type2=line|id2=Q1162|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Arunachal Pradesh
|Urban =
}}
|Literacy = 52.2%<ref name=districtcensus />
| map_caption = Location in Arunachal Pradesh
|SexRatio = 931<ref name=districtcensus />
| coor_pinpoint = Khonsa
|Collector =
| subdivision_type = Country
|Tehsils =
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|LokSabha =
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
|Assembly =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|Highways =
| established_title = Established
|Rain=
| seat_type = Headquarters
|Website = http://tirap.nic.in/
| seat = [[Khonsa]]
| parts_type = [[Town]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Deomali]]
| area_total_km2 = 1170
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 55022
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 52.2%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 931
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| website = {{URL|http://tirap.nic.in/}}
}}
}}


The '''Tirap district''' (Pron:/tɪˈɹæp/) is located in the southeastern part of the state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in India. It shares a state border with [[Nagaland]] and [[Assam]], an international border with [[Myanmar]] and a district border with [[Changlang]] and [[Longding]].
'''Tirap district''' (Pron:/tɪˈɹæp/) is a district located in the southeastern part of the state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in India. It shares a state border with [[Assam]], an international border with [[Myanmar]] and a district border with [[Changlang district|Changlang]] and [[Longding]].


== History ==
== History ==


Since [[time immemorial]], Tirap has been inhabited by the indigenous tribes.
Since [[time immemorial]], Tirap has been inhabited by ancestors of the indigenous tribes. Tribes such as the [[Nocte]] came to settle in the area during the 16th century, at the time of reign of the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahoms]]. The Japanese troops invaded and controlled the area for a brief period in 1945, until the collapse of the Japanese empire. After their collapse Suman Gope came to power. Of late, Tirap has also been a major target for the NSCN, a Naga rebel group who aims for creation of [[Greater Nagaland]], using military force.


{{ anchor| Silombhu }}During [[World War II]], the troops of [[Indian National Army]], led by [[Subhash Chandra Bose]] and assisted by [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] troops, [[Japanese occupation of Burma|liberated the area]] for a brief period in 1945, until the collapse of the Japanese Empire. The [[British India|British colonial]] [[Allies of World War II]] had their Transit Camp at the Silombhu War Cave.<ref name=cavesh1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cave-discovery-allied-forces-transit-camp-in-arunachal-myanmar-border/articleshow/107589898.cms Trekkers stumble upon WWII stone cave near Arunachal-Myanmar border], Times of India, 11 Feb 2024.</ref> After their collapse, Suman Gope came to power.
On 14 November 1987, Tirap was bifurcated to create the new [[Changlang district]]. In 2013 Tirap was again split to create [[Longding District]].<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids}}</ref>

On 14 November 1987, Tirap was bifurcated to create the new [[Changlang district]]. In 2013 Tirap was again split to create [[Longding district]].<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids}}</ref>

Recently, Tirap has also been a major target for the [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland|NSCN]], a [[Naga people|Naga]] [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland|rebel group]] that aims for the creation of Greater [[Nagaland]], using military force.


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Tirap district occupies an area of {{convert|2362|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Arunachal Pradesh: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1113 | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to Canada's [[Cornwall Island (Nunavut)|Cornwall Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | date = 18 February 1998 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Cornwall Island 2,358km2}}</ref>
Tirap district occupies an area of {{convert|2362|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Arunachal Pradesh: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1113 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to Canada's [[Cornwall Island (Nunavut)|Cornwall Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 18 February 1998 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Cornwall Island 2,358km2 | archive-date = 1 December 2015 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>
The elevation ranges from 200 meters in the northwest to 4,000 meters in the [[Patkai]] Hills.
The elevation ranges from 200 meters in the northwest to 4,000 meters in the [[Patkai]] Hills. After bifurcation the district occupied an area of 1,170 square km.


==Divisions==
== Divisions ==
There are four [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] constituencies located in this district: Namsang, Khonsa East, Khonsa West, Borduria-Bogapani. All of these are part of [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|url=http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/Information/ACwiseDistrictwisePCwise.htm|title=Assembly Constituencies allocation w.r.t District and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Arunachal Pradesh website|accessdate=21 March 2011}}</ref>
There are four [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] constituencies located in this district: [[Namsang, Arunachal Pradesh|Namsang]], [[Khonsa East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khonsa East]], [[Khonsa West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khonsa-West]], Borduria-Bogapani. All of these are part of [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|url=http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/Information/ACwiseDistrictwisePCwise.htm|title=Assembly Constituencies allocation w.r.t District and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Arunachal Pradesh website|access-date=21 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813085549/http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/Information/ACwiseDistrictwisePCwise.htm|archive-date=13 August 2011}}</ref>


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Tirap district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 111,997,<ref name=district_cencus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Grenada]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote =
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Tirap district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 111,975,{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} roughly equal to the nation of [[Grenada]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Grenada 108,419 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 613th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]). The district has a population density of {{convert| 47 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.63%. Tirap has a [[sex ratio]] of 931 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males, and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 52.23%.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}
Grenada
108,419
July 2011 est.
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 613th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=district_cencus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 47 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=district_cencus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.63%.<ref name=district_cencus/> Tirap has a [[sex ratio]] of 931 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=district_cencus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 52.23%.<ref name=district_cencus/>


===Language===
In Tirap district Nocte is the most populated tribe, th area. Most of the people in Tirap are Christians.
Much of the tribal population consists of the Naga related [[Nocte people|Nocte]], [[Konyak people|Konyak]], and [[Wancho people|Wancho]], who traditionally followed Animism, although most of them have converted to Christianity. Smaller communities of two other Naga tribes, [[Tutsa Naga|Tutsa]] and [[Tangsa Naga|Tangsa]], besides non-Naga [[Jingpo people|Singhpo]] can be found in the district as well. Festive fairs and festivals such as the Loku of the Nocte, Oriya, or Ojiyele of the Wancho and the Pongtu festival of the Tutsa are celebrated in full flair. Along with these festivals, Durga Puja is also celebrated here.<ref name="Census of India">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1200.XLSX |title=C-16 population by mother tongue |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331094131/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1200.XLSX |archive-date=31 March 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages of Tirap (2011)<ref name="Census of India"/>
| label1 = [[Nocte language|Nocte]]
| value1 = 48.00
| color1 = Firebrick
| label2 = [[Tangsa language|Tangsa]]
| value2 = 10.90
| color2 = Indianred
| label3 = [[Garo language|Garo]]
| value3 = 10.62
| color3 = Limegreen
| label4 = [[Hindi]]
| value4 = 7.30
| color4 = Orange
| label5 = [[Wancho language|Wancho]]
| value5 = 5.26
| color5 = Red
| label6 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| value6 = 3.77
| color6 = Yellow
| label7 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| value7 = 3.00
| color7 = sienna
| label8 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| value8 = 2.36
| color8 = Peru
| label9 = [[Chang language|Chang]]
| value9 = 1.37
| color9 = Firebrick
| label10 = [[Phom language|Phom]]
| value10 = 1.16
| color10 = Crimson
| label11 = [[Adi language|Adi]]
| value11 = 1.11
| color11 = Deepskyblue
| label12 = [[Nyishi language|Nyishi]]
| value12 = 1.07
| color12 = Darkblue
| label13 = Others
| value13 = 4.08
| color13 = Grey
}}


===Religion===
Much of the tribal population consists of the Naga related [[Nocte people|Nocte]], [[Konyak people|Konyak]] and [[Wancho people|Wancho]], who traditionally followed Animism, although most of them have converted to Christianity. Smaller communities of two other Naga tribes, [[Tutsa Naga|Tutsa]] and [[Tangsa people|Tangsa]], besides non-Naga [[Singpho people|Singhpo]] can be found in the district as well. Festive fairs and festivals such as the Loku of the Nocte, Oriya or Ojiyele of the Wancho and the Pongtu festival of the Tutsa are celebrated in full flair. Along with these festivals Durga Puja is also celebrated here.


{{bar box|width = 300px
Christianity was first introduced in Arunachal Pradesh in the district of Tirap. Borduria became the first village to observe silver jubilee of Catholic Church in the state in 2004. Tirap boasts a number of Christian missionaries from many parts of India. These had resulted in significant proportions of the Hindu Nocte tribe converting to Christianity, especially in its stronghold in [[Khonsa]].
| barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
| title = Religion in Tirap district (2011)<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=https://www.census2011.gov.in/data/religion/district/480-anjaw.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Per cent
| float =
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|56.30}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|31.65}}
{{bar percent|[[Rangfrah]]|Red|9.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|1.38}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|gold|0.97}}}}


==Education==
== Education ==
Most of the educational institutions in Tirap district are located in [[Deomali]].
In Tirap district the educational institute known as Ramakrishna Mission School plays a major role to uplift the education system of Tirap.



==References==

• [[Wangcha Rajkumar Government College]], Deomali. It is the sole college in Tirap & [[Longding district|Longding]] districts.

• [[Ramakrishna Mission School]], Narottam Nagar, [[Deomali]].

• St. George School, [[Deomali]].

• Ramakrishna Sarada Mission School

==Tourism==
{{see also | Tourism in Northeast India | Tourism in India }}

'''Tirap District Museum''', is the museum of history of the area.<ref name=tir1>[https://www.holidify.com/places/tirap/ Tirap], accessed 12 Feb 2024.</ref>

'''Khonsa Museum''' in Khonsa shows the history of local tribal bamboo and cane artifacts.<ref name=tir1/>

'''Khonsa Waterfall''' lies near Khonsa in the forested hills.<ref name=tir1/>

'''Silombhu War Cave''', south of Khonsa and 7 km from Thinsa village via forested hills, on the
2,119 metre-high (6,952ft) "Longpongka" hilltop (locally known as the "[[Tirap district#Silombhu|Silombhu]]" hilltop) near the [[India-Myanmar border]] was used as a transit camp by the colonial British forces during the World war II, remnants of which can still be seen. Military supplies were brought from Assam and stored here.<ref name=cavesh1/>

==See also==

* [[List of districts of Arunachal Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Districts of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tirap district| ]]
[[Category:Tirap district| ]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:Districts of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]

Latest revision as of 11:30, 24 November 2024

Tirap
Tirap
District of Arunachal Pradesh
Map
Tirap district
Location in Arunachal Pradesh
Country India
StateArunachal Pradesh
HeadquartersKhonsa
TownDeomali
Area
 • Total
1,170 km2 (450 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
55,022
 • Density47/km2 (120/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy52.2%
 • Sex ratio931
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Websitetirap.nic.in

Tirap district (Pron:/tɪˈɹæp/) is a district located in the southeastern part of the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. It shares a state border with Assam, an international border with Myanmar and a district border with Changlang and Longding.

History

[edit]

Since time immemorial, Tirap has been inhabited by the indigenous tribes.

During World War II, the troops of Indian National Army, led by Subhash Chandra Bose and assisted by Japanese troops, liberated the area for a brief period in 1945, until the collapse of the Japanese Empire. The British colonial Allies of World War II had their Transit Camp at the Silombhu War Cave.[1] After their collapse, Suman Gope came to power.

On 14 November 1987, Tirap was bifurcated to create the new Changlang district. In 2013 Tirap was again split to create Longding district.[2]

Recently, Tirap has also been a major target for the NSCN, a Naga rebel group that aims for the creation of Greater Nagaland, using military force.

Geography

[edit]

Tirap district occupies an area of 2,362 square kilometres (912 sq mi),[3] comparatively equivalent to Canada's Cornwall Island.[4] The elevation ranges from 200 meters in the northwest to 4,000 meters in the Patkai Hills. After bifurcation the district occupied an area of 1,170 square km.

Divisions

[edit]

There are four Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly constituencies located in this district: Namsang, Khonsa East, Khonsa-West, Borduria-Bogapani. All of these are part of Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency.[5]

Demographics

[edit]

According to the 2011 census, Tirap district has a population of 111,975,[citation needed] roughly equal to the nation of Grenada.[6] This gives it a ranking of 613th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 47 inhabitants per square kilometre (120/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.63%. Tirap has a sex ratio of 931 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 52.23%.[citation needed]

Language

[edit]

Much of the tribal population consists of the Naga related Nocte, Konyak, and Wancho, who traditionally followed Animism, although most of them have converted to Christianity. Smaller communities of two other Naga tribes, Tutsa and Tangsa, besides non-Naga Singhpo can be found in the district as well. Festive fairs and festivals such as the Loku of the Nocte, Oriya, or Ojiyele of the Wancho and the Pongtu festival of the Tutsa are celebrated in full flair. Along with these festivals, Durga Puja is also celebrated here.[7]

Languages of Tirap (2011)[7]

  Nocte (48.00%)
  Tangsa (10.90%)
  Garo (10.62%)
  Hindi (7.30%)
  Wancho (5.26%)
  Bengali (3.77%)
  Nepali (3.00%)
  Assamese (2.36%)
  Chang (1.37%)
  Phom (1.16%)
  Adi (1.11%)
  Nyishi (1.07%)
  Others (4.08%)

Religion

[edit]
Religion in Tirap district (2011)[8]
Religion Per cent
Christianity
 
 56.30%
Hinduism
 
 31.65%
Rangfrah
 
 9.7%
Islam
 
 1.38%
Buddhism
 
 0.97%

Education

[edit]

Most of the educational institutions in Tirap district are located in Deomali.


• Wangcha Rajkumar Government College, Deomali. It is the sole college in Tirap & Longding districts.

• Ramakrishna Mission School, Narottam Nagar, Deomali.

• St. George School, Deomali.

• Ramakrishna Sarada Mission School

Tourism

[edit]
See also: Tourism in Northeast India and Tourism in India

Tirap District Museum, is the museum of history of the area.[9]

Khonsa Museum in Khonsa shows the history of local tribal bamboo and cane artifacts.[9]

Khonsa Waterfall lies near Khonsa in the forested hills.[9]

Silombhu War Cave, south of Khonsa and 7 km from Thinsa village via forested hills, on the 2,119 metre-high (6,952ft) "Longpongka" hilltop (locally known as the "Silombhu" hilltop) near the India-Myanmar border was used as a transit camp by the colonial British forces during the World war II, remnants of which can still be seen. Military supplies were brought from Assam and stored here.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Trekkers stumble upon WWII stone cave near Arunachal-Myanmar border, Times of India, 11 Feb 2024.
  2. ^ Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  3. ^ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Arunachal Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. p. 1113. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  4. ^ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 18 February 1998. Archived from the original on 1 December 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2011. Cornwall Island 2,358km2
  5. ^ "Assembly Constituencies allocation w.r.t District and Parliamentary Constituencies". Chief Electoral Officer, Arunachal Pradesh website. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  6. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Grenada 108,419 July 2011 est.
  7. ^ a b "C-16 population by mother tongue". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022.
  8. ^ "Population by religion community – 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.[dead link‍]
  9. ^ a b c Tirap, accessed 12 Feb 2024.
[edit]

26°59′27″N 95°30′10″E / 26.9907°N 95.5028°E / 26.9907; 95.5028

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