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{{Short description|1944 Red Army offensive in Byelorussia}}
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Mogilev Offensive
|conflict=Mogilev offensive
|image=Operation_bagration_battle_mogilev_1944_june_23-28.png
|image=
|caption=
|caption=
|partof=[[Operation Bagration]]
|partof=[[Operation Bagration]]
|place=[[Belorussian SSR]]
|place=[[Belorussian SSR]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|53.9|N|30.2|E|display=INLINE,title}}
|date=June 23, 1944 – June 28, 1944
|date=June 23, 1944 – June 28, 1944
|result=Soviet Victory
|result=Soviet victory
|combatant1=[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|22px]] [[Nazi Germany]]
|combatant1={{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}}
|combatant2={{flagicon|USSR}} [[Soviet Union]]
|combatant2={{flagcountry|USSR|1936}}
|commander1=
|commander1=[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|22px]][[Kurt von Tippelskirch]]<br/> ([[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fourth Army]])
{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Kurt von Tippelskirch]]<br/> ([[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fourth Army]])<br/>{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Rudolf Bamler]]{{Surrendered}}<br/>([[12th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|Twelfth Inf Division]])
|commander2={{flagicon|USSR}} [[Georgiy Zakharov]]<br/>([[2nd Belorussian Front]])
|commander2={{flagicon|USSR|1936}} [[Georgiy Zakharov]]<br/>([[2nd Belorussian Front]])
|strength1=?
|strength1=Unknown
|strength2=?
|strength2=Unknown
|casualties1=33,000 killed, 3,250 POW (Soviet est)<ref name=glantzp97>Glantz, ''Belorussia 1944'', p.97</ref>
|casualties1=33,000 killed<br>3,250 POW (Soviet est)<ref name=glantzp97>Glantz, ''Belorussia 1944'', p.97</ref>
|casualties2=?
|casualties2=Unknown
|}}
|}}
⚫
{{Campaignbox Operation Bagration}}
The '''Mogilev Offensive''' ({{lang-ru|Могилевская наступательная операция}}) was part of the Belorussian Strategic Offensive of the [[Red Army]] in the summer of 1944, commonly known as [[Operation Bagration]]. Its goals were to capture the city of [[Mogilev]], and to pin down and trap the bulk of the [[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|German Fourth Army]]. The offensive fulfilled both objectives.
The '''Mogilev offensive''' ({{langx|ru|Могилевская наступательная операция}}) was part of the Belorussian strategic offensive – commonly known as [[Operation Bagration]] – of the [[Red Army]] on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] of [[World War II]] in the summer of 1944. Its goals were to capture the city of [[Mogilev]] and to pin down and trap the bulk of the [[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|German Fourth Army]]. The offensive fulfilled both objectives.


==Planning==
==Planning==
⚫
{{Campaignbox Operation Bagration}}
===Operational goals===
===Operational goals===
The Mogilev Offensive had two main goals within the context of [[Operation Bagration]]:
The Mogilev offensive had two main goals within the context of [[Operation Bagration]]:
*The capture of the city of Mogilev, an important transport hub.
*The liberation of the city of Mogilev, an important transport hub.
*To pin down the bulk of the German Fourth Army's forces while the parallel [[Vitebsk-Orsha Offensive Operation|Vitebsk-Orsha]] and [[Bobruysk Offensive Operation|Bobruysk]] Offensives, to the north and south respectively, set up a major [[encirclement]]. The Fourth Army, unable to disengage, would be bypassed and trapped.
*To pin down the bulk of the German Fourth Army's forces while the parallel [[Vitebsk–Orsha offensive operation|Vitebsk–Orsha]] and [[Bobruysk offensive operation|Bobruysk]] offensives, to the north and south respectively, set up a major [[encirclement]]. The Fourth Army, unable to disengage, would be bypassed and trapped.


===German intelligence===
===German intelligence===
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**[[XXXIX Panzer Corps (Germany)|XXXIX Panzer Corps]] (General [[Robert Martinek]])
**[[XXXIX Panzer Corps (Germany)|XXXIX Panzer Corps]] (General [[Robert Martinek]])
**[[XII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XII Corps]] (General [[Vincenz Müller]])
**[[XII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XII Corps]] (General [[Vincenz Müller]])
**Reserve: ''[[Panzer Corps Feldherrnhalle (Germany)|Panzergrenadier-Division Feldherrnhalle]]''
**Reserve: ''[[Panzergrenadier-Division Feldherrnhalle]]''


The city of [[Mogilev]] had been designated a ''Fester Platz'', or fortified area, under the command of [[Generalmajor]] [[Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff]].
The city of [[Mogilev]] had been designated a ''Fester Platz'', or fortified area, under the command of [[Generalmajor]] [[Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff]].
Line 48: Line 51:


==The offensive==
==The offensive==
[[File:2-ой Белорусский фронт. Могилёвское направление. Бойцы форсируют водный рубеж.jpg|thumb|Soviet troops forcing the Dnieper]]
As with the other offensives in the first phase of [[Operation Bagration]], the Mogilev Offensive opened with an intense artillery barrage against the German defensive lines on the morning of 23 June.
As with the other offensives in the first phase of [[Operation Bagration]], the Mogilev offensive opened with an intense artillery barrage against the German defensive lines on the morning of 23 June.


East of Mogilev itself, General [[Robert Martinek]]'s [[XXXIX Panzer Corps (Germany)|XXXIX Panzer Corps]] (made up of the [[31st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|31st]], [[12th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|12th]], [[337th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|337th]] and [[German 110th Infantry Division|110th]] Infantry Divisions), attempted to hold its lines in the face of a ferocious assault by Grishin's [[49th Army]] during which the latter suffered heavy casualties.<ref name=dunn163>Dunn, p.163</ref> The [[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fourth Army]] commander, von Tippelskirch, requested that Martinek be allowed to withdraw to the 'Tiger' line late on 23 June; this was refused, although the reserve ''[[Panzer Corps Feldherrnhalle (Germany)|Panzergrenadier-Division Feldherrnhalle]]'' was ordered forward to take up positions on the [[Dnieper River|Dnieper river]] in preparation to cover a possible withdrawal by the frontline divisions.<ref name=dunn167>Dunn, p.167</ref> The southernmost German corps, General [[Vincenz Müller]]'s [[XII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XIIth]], (with the [[18th Panzergrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)|18th Panzergrenadier Division]], [[57th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|57th]] and [[267th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|267th]] Infantry Divisions), also began to pull back to the second defensive line.
East of Mogilev itself, General [[Robert Martinek]]'s [[XXXIX Panzer Corps (Germany)|XXXIX Panzer Corps]] (made up of the [[31st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|31st]], [[12th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|12th]], [[337th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|337th]] and [[German 110th Infantry Division|110th]] Infantry Divisions), attempted to hold its lines in the face of a ferocious assault by Grishin's [[49th Army]] during which the latter suffered heavy casualties.<ref name=dunn163>Dunn, p.163</ref> The [[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fourth Army]] commander, von Tippelskirch, requested that Martinek be allowed to withdraw to the 'Tiger' line late on 23 June; this was refused, although the reserve ''[[Panzergrenadier-Division Feldherrnhalle]]'' was ordered forward to take up positions on the [[Dnieper River|Dnieper river]] in preparation to cover a possible withdrawal by the frontline divisions.<ref name=dunn167>Dunn, p.167</ref> The southernmost German corps, General [[Vincenz Müller]]'s [[XII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XIIth]], (with the [[18th Panzergrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)|18th Panzergrenadier Division]], [[57th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|57th]] and [[267th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|267th]] Infantry Divisions), also began to pull back to the second defensive line.


The 49th army forced the Dnieper crossings on the evening of 27 June; two divisions (the 290th and the 369th), fought their way into the town during the night, while mobile units of the 23rd Guards Tank Brigade enveloped the garrison from the northwest.<ref name=glantzp95>Glantz, ''Belorussia 1944'', pp. 95-6</ref>
The 49th army forced the Dnieper crossings on the evening of 27 June; two divisions (the [[290th Rifle Division|290th]] and the [[369th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|369th]]), fought their way into the town during the night, while mobile units of the 23rd Guards Tank Brigade enveloped the garrison from the northwest.<ref name=glantzp95>Glantz, ''Belorussia 1944'', pp. 95-6</ref>
[[File:49th Army troops storming Mogilev June 1944.jpg|thumb|Troops of the 49th Army during the capture of Mogilev on 28 June 1944]]
[[File:49th Army troops storming Mogilev June 1944.jpg|thumb|Troops of the 49th Army during the liberation of Mogilev on 28 June 1944]]
[[Mogilev]], along with its town commander, Generalmajor von Erdmannsdorff, (later executed by the Soviets for [[War crimes of the Wehrmacht|war crimes]]) and most of the 12th Infantry Division who had been instructed to defend the town to the last man, fell into Soviet hands on 28 June. During the day both the German XII Corps and XXXIX Panzer Corps (whose commander, Martinek, was killed that evening in an air attack), began falling back towards the [[Berezina]] crossings. As the roads were clogged with fleeing civilians and military units, and were also under heavy air attack, progress was slow.
[[Mogilev]], along with its town commander, [[Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff|Generalmajor von Erdmannsdorff]], (later executed by the Soviets for [[War crimes of the Wehrmacht|war crimes]]) and most of the 12th Infantry Division who had been instructed to defend the town to the last man, fell into Soviet hands on 28 June. During the day both the German XII Corps and XXXIX Panzer Corps (whose commander, Martinek, was killed that evening in an air attack), began falling back towards the [[Berezina]] crossings. As the roads were clogged with fleeing civilians and military units, and were also under heavy air attack, progress was slow.


==Consequences==
==Consequences==
The Mogilev Offensive fulfilled all its immediate objectives; not only was the city itself taken, but the Fourth Army was successfully prevented from disengaging in time to escape encirclement in the [[Minsk Offensive]], which commenced immediately afterwards.
The Mogilev offensive fulfilled all its immediate objectives; not only was the city itself taken, but the Fourth Army was successfully prevented from disengaging in time to escape encirclement in the [[Minsk offensive]], which commenced immediately afterwards.


==Personal accounts==
==Personal accounts==
*Soviet author [[Lev Kopelev]] was served as an interpreter during the offensive and discusses his experiences in ''To Be Preserved Forever'' (Хранить вечно).
*Soviet author [[Lev Kopelev]] served as an interpreter during the offensive and discussed his experiences in ''To Be Preserved Forever'' (Хранить вечно).
*[[Heinz-Georg Lemm]], later a senior officer in the post-war German military, led one of the few units of the 12th Infantry Division to escape the encirclement of Mogilev.
*[[Heinz-Georg Lemm]], later a senior officer in the post-war German military, led one of the few units of the 12th Infantry Division to escape the encirclement of Mogilev.


Line 67: Line 71:


==References==
==References==
*{{Cite book|url=https://www.questia.com/library/105951444/soviet-blitzkrieg-the-battle-for-white-russia-1944|title=Soviet Blitzkrieg: The Battle for White Russia, 1944|last=Dunn|first=Walter S.|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|year=2000|isbn=978-1-5558-7880-1|location=Boulder, Colorado|pages=}}
*{{Cite book|title=Soviet Blitzkrieg: The Battle for White Russia, 1944|last=Dunn|first=Walter S.|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|year=2000|isbn=978-1-5558-7880-1|location=Boulder, Colorado}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
| last1 = Glantz
| last1 = Glantz
Line 77: Line 81:
| location = Lawrence, Kansas
| location = Lawrence, Kansas
| publisher = University Press of Kansas
| publisher = University Press of Kansas
| isbn = 978-0-7006-0899-7}}
| isbn = 978-0-7006-0899-7
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/whentitansclashe00glan_0
}}
* {{cite book| editor-last=Glantz|editor-first=David M.|editor2-last = Orenstein|editor2-first=Harold S.|title=Belorussia 1944: The Soviet General Staff Study|publisher= Routledge|year=2001|ISBN= 0714651028 }}
* {{cite book| editor-last=Glantz|editor-first=David M.|editor2-last = Orenstein|editor2-first=Harold S.|title=Belorussia 1944: The Soviet General Staff Study|publisher= Routledge|year=2001|ISBN= 0714651028 }}

{{coord missing|Belarus}}


[[Category:Battles involving the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Soviet Union]]

Latest revision as of 11:41, 24 November 2024

Mogilev offensive
Part of Operation Bagration
DateJune 23, 1944 – June 28, 1944
Location
Belorussian SSR
53°54′N 30°12′E / 53.9°N 30.2°E / 53.9; 30.2
Result Soviet victory
Belligerents
 Germany  Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Nazi Germany Kurt von Tippelskirch
(Fourth Army)
Nazi Germany Rudolf Bamler Surrendered
(Twelfth Inf Division)		 Soviet Union Georgiy Zakharov
(2nd Belorussian Front)
Strength
Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
33,000 killed
3,250 POW (Soviet est)[1]		 Unknown

The Mogilev offensive (Russian: Могилевская наступательная операция) was part of the Belorussian strategic offensive – commonly known as Operation Bagration – of the Red Army on the Eastern Front of World War II in the summer of 1944. Its goals were to capture the city of Mogilev and to pin down and trap the bulk of the German Fourth Army. The offensive fulfilled both objectives.

Planning

[edit]

Operational goals

[edit]

The Mogilev offensive had two main goals within the context of Operation Bagration:

  • The liberation of the city of Mogilev, an important transport hub.
  • To pin down the bulk of the German Fourth Army's forces while the parallel Vitebsk–Orsha and Bobruysk offensives, to the north and south respectively, set up a major encirclement. The Fourth Army, unable to disengage, would be bypassed and trapped.

German intelligence

[edit]

The XXXIX Panzer Corps before Mogilev was one of the strongest corps in Army Group Centre, with four high-quality divisions. This reflected the strategic importance of the road through Mogilev, which provided the main route through the marshes in the region. However, as with the other German armies involved in Operation Bagration, the Fourth Army was unprepared for a major offensive, as the Oberkommando des Heeres expected that the main Soviet offensive would be against Army Group North Ukraine.

Shortly before the attack began, a battalion commander in the 12th Infantry Division raised concerns about a possible attack with General Martinek, who was on a tour of inspection. Martinek agreed but in response cited the proverb "Whom God would destroy, he first strikes blind": the concerns were not passed on.[2]

Deployments

[edit]

Wehrmacht

[edit]

The city of Mogilev had been designated a Fester Platz, or fortified area, under the command of Generalmajor Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff.

Red Army

[edit]

The offensive

[edit]
Soviet troops forcing the Dnieper

As with the other offensives in the first phase of Operation Bagration, the Mogilev offensive opened with an intense artillery barrage against the German defensive lines on the morning of 23 June.

East of Mogilev itself, General Robert Martinek's XXXIX Panzer Corps (made up of the 31st, 12th, 337th and 110th Infantry Divisions), attempted to hold its lines in the face of a ferocious assault by Grishin's 49th Army during which the latter suffered heavy casualties.[3] The Fourth Army commander, von Tippelskirch, requested that Martinek be allowed to withdraw to the 'Tiger' line late on 23 June; this was refused, although the reserve Panzergrenadier-Division Feldherrnhalle was ordered forward to take up positions on the Dnieper river in preparation to cover a possible withdrawal by the frontline divisions.[4] The southernmost German corps, General Vincenz Müller's XIIth, (with the 18th Panzergrenadier Division, 57th and 267th Infantry Divisions), also began to pull back to the second defensive line.

The 49th army forced the Dnieper crossings on the evening of 27 June; two divisions (the 290th and the 369th), fought their way into the town during the night, while mobile units of the 23rd Guards Tank Brigade enveloped the garrison from the northwest.[5]

Troops of the 49th Army during the liberation of Mogilev on 28 June 1944

Mogilev, along with its town commander, Generalmajor von Erdmannsdorff, (later executed by the Soviets for war crimes) and most of the 12th Infantry Division who had been instructed to defend the town to the last man, fell into Soviet hands on 28 June. During the day both the German XII Corps and XXXIX Panzer Corps (whose commander, Martinek, was killed that evening in an air attack), began falling back towards the Berezina crossings. As the roads were clogged with fleeing civilians and military units, and were also under heavy air attack, progress was slow.

Consequences

[edit]

The Mogilev offensive fulfilled all its immediate objectives; not only was the city itself taken, but the Fourth Army was successfully prevented from disengaging in time to escape encirclement in the Minsk offensive, which commenced immediately afterwards.

Personal accounts

[edit]
  • Soviet author Lev Kopelev served as an interpreter during the offensive and discussed his experiences in To Be Preserved Forever (Хранить вечно).
  • Heinz-Georg Lemm, later a senior officer in the post-war German military, led one of the few units of the 12th Infantry Division to escape the encirclement of Mogilev.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Glantz, Belorussia 1944, p.97
  2. ^ Glantz, When Titans Clashed, p.219
  3. ^ Dunn, p.163
  4. ^ Dunn, p.167
  5. ^ Glantz, Belorussia 1944, pp. 95-6

References

[edit]
  • Dunn, Walter S. (2000). Soviet Blitzkrieg: The Battle for White Russia, 1944. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1-5558-7880-1.
  • Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan (1995). When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0899-7.
  • Glantz, David M.; Orenstein, Harold S., eds. (2001). Belorussia 1944: The Soviet General Staff Study. Routledge. ISBN 0714651028.
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