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{{use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{short description|Nation with extremely high biological diversity or many endemic species}}
{{short description|Nation with extremely high biological diversity or many endemic species}}
[[File:Map of the megadiverse countries.svg|thumb|400px|right|The 17 countries identified as megadiverse by Conservation International]]
[[File:Map of the megadiverse countries.svg|thumb|400px|right|The 17 countries identified as megadiverse by [[Conservation International]]]]


A '''megadiverse country''' is one of a group of nations that harbours the majority of Earth's species and high numbers of [[endemic species]]. [[Conservation International]] identified 17 megadiverse countries in 1998.<ref name="AUSGOP">{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |title=Biodiversity Theme Report |last=Williams |first=J. |date=2001 |website=environment.gov.au |access-date=2019-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208141905/http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |archive-date=2008-12-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/megadiverse-countries |title=Megadiverse Countries definition&#124; Biodiversity A-Z |website=biodiversitya-z.org}}</ref> All of them are at least partially in the tropics.
A '''megadiverse country''' is one of a group of nations that harbours the majority of Earth's species and high numbers of [[endemic species]]. [[Conservation International]] identified 17 megadiverse countries in 1998,<ref name="AUSGOP">{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |title=Biodiversity Theme Report |last=Williams |first=J. |date=2001 |website=environment.gov.au |access-date=2019-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208141905/http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |archive-date=2008-12-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/megadiverse-countries |title=Megadiverse Countries definition&#124; Biodiversity A-Z |website=biodiversitya-z.org}}</ref> all of which are located at least partially in [[tropical]] or [[subtropical]] regions.


Megadiversity means exhibiting great [[biodiversity]]. The main criterion for megadiverse countries is [[endemism]] at the level of species, genera and families. A megadiverse country must have at least 5,000 species of endemic plants and must border marine ecosystems.
Megadiversity means exhibiting great [[biodiversity]]. The main criterion for megadiverse countries is [[endemism]] at the level of species, genera and families. A megadiverse country must have at least 5,000 species of endemic plants and must border marine ecosystems.

In 2002, [[Mexico]] formed a separate organization focusing on Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries, consisting of countries rich in biological diversity and associated [[traditional knowledge]]. This organization includes all but three megadiverse countries as identified by [[Conservation International]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/node/21579 |title=Biodiversity, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report): The meaning, significance and implications of biodiversity (Megadiverse countries) |date=2014-12-11 |website=environment.gov.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211011642/http://www.environment.gov.au/node/21579 |access-date=2018-07-02 |archive-date=2014-12-11}}</ref> {{Failed verification|date=February 2022}}

== Cancún initiative and declaration of Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries ==
[[File:Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries.svg|thumb|400x400px|The 20 current like-minded megadiverse countries]]
On 18 February 2002, the Ministers in charge of the Environment and the Delegates of [[Brazil]], [[China]], [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Kenya]], [[Mexico]], [[Peru]], the [[Philippines]], [[South Africa]] and [[Venezuela]] assembled in [[Cancún]], Mexico. These countries declared to set up a '''Group of Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries''' (LMMC) to promote consultation and cooperation on the preservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Cheng |first=Wenting |title=China in Global Governance of Intellectual Property: Implications for Global Distributive Justice |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-24369-1 |series=Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies series}}</ref>{{Rp|page=83}} They also declared that they would call on those countries that had not become Parties to the [[Convention on Biological Diversity]], the [[Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety]], and the [[Kyoto Protocol]] on climate change to become parties to these agreements.

At the same time, they agreed to meet periodically, at the ministerial and expert levels, and decided that upon the conclusion of each annual Ministerial Meeting, the next rotating host country would take on the role of Secretary of the group, to ensure its continuity, the further development of cooperation among these countries, and to reach the various agreements and objectives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=unknown |publisher=UNIDO – United Nations Industrial Development Organization |url=http://www.unido.org/file-storage/download?file_id=11803}}{{dead link|date=September 2023}} <!-- Link added in revision of 10:39, 8 January 2008 by Classical geographer. Archive.org saved 67 times from 2003 to 2023, none of them any good. --> </ref> The 17 LMMC member countries in 2002 are home to approximately 70% of Earth's species.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=83}}

Later, in 2010, Guatemala and Iran were also included in the list.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grupo de países megadiversos afines |publisher=Biodiversidad Mexicana |url=http://www.biodiversidad.gob.mx/planeta/internacional/paises_megadiversos.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104221237/http://www.biodiversidad.gob.mx/planeta/internacional/paises_megadiversos.html |archive-date=November 4, 2014}}</ref>

===List of current member countries===
The current member countries of the Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries organization are as follows, in alphabetical order:<ref>{{cite web |title=Like Minded Megadiverse Countries |url=http://pe.biosafetyclearinghouse.net/actividades/2009/grouplmmc.pdf |access-date=July 26, 2018}}</ref>

{{div col}}
* {{BOL}}
* {{BRA}}
* {{CHN}}
* {{COL}}
* {{CRC}}
* {{COD}}
* {{ECU}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GUA}}
* {{IND}}
* {{IDN}}
* {{IRN}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{MAD}}
* {{MYS}}
* {{MEX}}
* {{PER}}
* {{PHI}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{VEN}}
{{div col end}}


==List of megadiverse countries==
==List of megadiverse countries==
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*{{Wikisource-inline|es:Declaración_de_Cancún|Declaration of Cancún (Spanish)|original}}
*{{Wikisource-inline|es:Declaración_de_Cancún|Declaration of Cancún (Spanish)|original}}
{{Biodiversity Worldwide}}

[[Category:Biodiversity]]
[[Category:Biodiversity]]
[[Category:Biogeography]]
[[Category:Biogeography]]
[[Category:1998 establishments]]

Latest revision as of 16:02, 24 November 2024

The 17 countries identified as megadiverse by Conservation International

A megadiverse country is one of a group of nations that harbours the majority of Earth's species and high numbers of endemic species. Conservation International identified 17 megadiverse countries in 1998,[1][2] all of which are located at least partially in tropical or subtropical regions.

Megadiversity means exhibiting great biodiversity. The main criterion for megadiverse countries is endemism at the level of species, genera and families. A megadiverse country must have at least 5,000 species of endemic plants and must border marine ecosystems.

List of megadiverse countries

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In alphabetical order, the 17 megadiverse countries are:[1]

List of most biodiverse countries 2022

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TOP 20 Global Biodiversity Index[3]
Country (or dependent territory) Bird Amphibian Fish Mammal Reptile Vascular Plant Biodiversity Index
 Brazil 1,816 1,141 4,738 693 847 34,387 512.34
 Indonesia 1,723 383 4,813 729 773 19,232 418.78
 Colombia 1,863 812 2,105 477 634 24,025 369.76
 China 1,285 540 3,476 622 554 31,362 365.84
 Mexico 1,105 411 2,629 533 988 23,385 342.47
 Australia 725 245 4,992 355 1,131 19,324 337.18
 Peru 1,861 655 1,583 490 510 19,812 330.12
 India 1,212 446 2,601 440 715 45,000 301.63
 Ecuador 1,629 659 1,111 392 492 18,466 291.58
 United States 844 326 3,081 531 556 15,500 280.13
 Venezuela 1,386 365 1,735 376 419 30,000 273.39
 Papua New Guinea 743 416 2,884 282 384 13,634 226.57
 Myanmar 1,034 540 1,088 304 364 16,000 221.77
 Vietnam 835 263 2,423 313 512 8,500 216.97
 Malaysia 721 278 1,951 348 502 14,060 214.71
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,110 227 1,528 465 313 8,860 214.43
 Tanzania 1,074 207 1,773 412 346 10,100 213.10
 Bolivia 1,435 259 407 382 315 14,729 209.55
 South Africa 762 132 2,094 331 421 21,250 207.94
 Thailand 936 153 2,150 314 468 6,600 200.77

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Williams, J. (2001). "Biodiversity Theme Report". environment.gov.au. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  2. ^ "Megadiverse Countries definition| Biodiversity A-Z". biodiversitya-z.org.
  3. ^ "The 201 Most (& Least) Biodiverse Countries in 2022". September 22, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
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