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{{Short description|none}}<!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg|thumb|right|Coral Reef at the Andaman Islands.]]
[[File:The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg|thumb|right|Coral reef at the Andaman Islands]]
[[File:Feather star coral reef.jpg|thumb|right|Feather star coral reef in Lakshadweep atolls.]]
[[File:Feather star coral reef.jpg|thumb|right|Feather star coral reef in Lakshadweep atolls]]


'''[[Coral reef]]s in [[Tourism in India|India]]''' are one of the most ancient and dynamic ecosystems of India. The coral reefs not only provide a sanctuary to a myriad of marine life but also play a key role in protecting the coastline from erosion. India has about 7517&nbsp;km of coastline including islands but mainland coast is 6100&nbsp;km.
'''Coral reefs in India''' are one of the most ancient and dynamic ecosystems of India. The coral reefs not only provide a sanctuary to a myriad of marine life but also play a key role in protecting the coastline from erosion. India has about 7517&nbsp;km of coastline including islands but mainland coast is 6100&nbsp;km.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}


The Coral reefs in India are mainly restricted to the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Gulf of Mannar]], [[Gulf of Kutch]], [[Palk Strait]] and the [[Lakshadweep]] islands. All of these reefs are [[Fringing reef|Fringing reefs]], except [[Lakshadweep]] which are [[Atolls]]. There are Patchy corals present along the inter-tidal areas of the central west coast like the intertidal regions of [[Malvan#Ratnagiri|Ratnagiri]], [[Malpe#Gaveshani|Gaveshani Bank]] etc. The [[Hermatypic coral]]s are also present along the sea shore from [[Kollam]] in Kerala to [[Enayam Puthenthurai]] in Tamilnadu.<ref name="Vineeta Hoon">{{Cite news|url=http://www.fao.org/3/x5627e/x5627e06.htm|title=Coral Reefs of India: Review of Their Extent, Condition, Research and Management Status by Vineeta Hoon|author=Vineeta Hoon|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization|access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref>
The Coral reefs in India are mainly restricted to the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Gulf of Mannar]], [[Gulf of Kutch]], [[Palk Strait]] and the [[Lakshadweep]] islands. All of these reefs are [[Fringing reef]]s, except Lakshadweep which are [[Atolls]]. There are Patchy corals present along the inter-tidal areas of the central west coast like the intertidal regions of [[Malvan#Ratnagiri|Ratnagiri]], [[Malpe#Gaveshani|Gaveshani Bank]] etc. The [[Hermatypic coral]]s are also present along the sea shore from [[Kollam]] in Kerala to [[Enayam Puthenthurai]] in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Vineeta Hoon">{{Cite news|url=http://www.fao.org/3/x5627e/x5627e06.htm|title=Coral Reefs of India: Review of Their Extent, Condition, Research and Management Status by Vineeta Hoon|author=Vineeta Hoon|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization|access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref>


== Research and Institutions==
== Research and Institutions==
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* '''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]'''
* '''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]'''
:Situated in the [[Bay of Bengal]], exclusively fringing reefs of about 572 islands, most of these islands have a healthy biodiversity.<ref name="Planning Commission Report">{{cite book|title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report|series=State Development Report series|author=Planning Commission of India|edition=illustrated|publisher=Academic Foundation|year=2008|isbn= 81-7188-652-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC|access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref>
:Situated in the [[Bay of Bengal]], exclusively fringing reefs of about 572 islands, most of these islands have a healthy biodiversity.<ref name="Planning Commission Report">{{cite book|title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report|series=State Development Report series|author=Planning Commission of India|edition=illustrated|publisher=Academic Foundation|year=2008|isbn= 978-81-7188-652-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC|access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref>


* '''[[Eastern Coastal Plains|Eastern Coast]]'''
* '''[[Eastern Coastal Plains|Eastern Coast]]'''
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* '''[[Gulf of Mannar]]'''
* '''[[Gulf of Mannar]]'''
:Fringing reefs with a chain of 21 islands from [[Rameswaram]] in the north to [[Thoothukudi]] (Tuticorin) in the south. This part of the gulf forms part of the [[Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park|Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve]].<ref name=UNDP1>{{cite web|url=http://data.undp.org.in/factsheets/ene/oct06/GulfofMannar.pdf |title=Conservation and Sustainable-use of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve’s Coastal Biodiversity |access-date=3 November 2014 |author=UNDP |year=1994 |publisher=UNDP, Project Brief, New York |format=PDF |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180802/http://data.undp.org.in/factsheets/ene/oct06/GulfofMannar.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>
:Fringing reefs with a chain of 21 islands from [[Rameswaram]] in the north to [[Thoothukudi]] (Tuticorin) in the south. This part of the gulf forms part of the [[Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park|Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve]].<ref name=UNDP1>{{cite web|url=http://data.undp.org.in/factsheets/ene/oct06/GulfofMannar.pdf |title=Conservation and Sustainable-use of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve's Coastal Biodiversity |access-date=3 November 2014 |author=UNDP |year=1994 |publisher=UNDP, Project Brief, New York |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180802/http://data.undp.org.in/factsheets/ene/oct06/GulfofMannar.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>


* '''[[Gulf of Kutch]]'''
* '''[[Gulf of Kutch]]'''
:Exclusively consists of [[fringing reef]]s. The reefs are relatively less developed due to large range of temperature and high salinity. The harbours have less biodiversity. The entire Gulf of Kutch is also known as a [[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|marine national park]].<ref name="bnhs">{{cite journal|last=Apte|first=Deepak|title=Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutchh: A conservation challenge|publisher=Bombay Natural History Society|pages=26–27|url=http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/GulfofKutch.pdf|access-date=3 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925110300/http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/GulfofKutch.pdf|archive-date=25 September 2007}}</ref>
:Exclusively consists of [[fringing reef]]s. The reefs are relatively less developed due to large range of temperature and high salinity. The harbours have less biodiversity. The entire Gulf of Kutch is also known as a [[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|Marine National Park]].<ref name="bnhs">{{citation|last=Apte|first=Deepak|title=Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutchh: A conservation challenge|publisher=Bombay Natural History Society|pages=26–27|url=http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/GulfofKutch.pdf|access-date=3 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925110300/http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/GulfofKutch.pdf|archive-date=25 September 2007}}</ref>


* '''[[Lakshadweep]]'''
* '''[[Lakshadweep]]'''
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* '''[[Western Coastal Plains|Western Coast]]'''
* '''[[Western Coastal Plains|Western Coast]]'''
: [[Shell reef]]<!-- As per wikipedia guidelines pls retain the redlink to encourage its creation. --> in [[Gulf of Kutch]] is a shell shaped reef made from bio rock and decorated with coral in the deep waters of Gulf of Kutch, off the coast of Gujarat. It helps Coral Polyps to get healed 20% faster than usual. There are some coral reefs around small inlets in the western part of the [[Gulf of Khambat]]. [[Angria Bank]] is a coral reef off [[Vijaydurg (city)|Vijaydurg]] in Maharashtra. [[Tarkarli]] in [[Malwan]], Maharashtra is a smaller reef. There is a coral reef in [[Netrani Island]] in Karnataka.
:There are some coral reefs around small inlets in the western part of the [[Gulf of Khambat]]. [[Angria Bank]] is a coral reef off [[Vijaydurg (city)|Vijaydurg]] in Maharashtra. [[Tarkarli]] in [[Malwan]], Maharashtra is a smaller reef. There is a coral reef in [[Netrani Island]] in Karnataka.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}


== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
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File:Agatthiyatti Stone.jpg|Scene at [[Lakshadweep]] Island
File:Agatthiyatti Stone.jpg|Scene at [[Lakshadweep]] Island
File:North Sentinel Island.jpg|[[North Sentinel Island]] is an island in the group of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].
File:North Sentinel Island.jpg|[[North Sentinel Island]] is an island in the group of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].
File:Neil Island - Bharatpur beach as seen from jetty.jpg|Bharatpur beach in Andaman and Nicobar, as seen from jetty
File:LakshadweepIsland.jpg|One of the uninhabited islands in [[Bangaram Atoll]], Lakshadweep.
File:A closeup shot of Pamban Bridge.jpg|Pamban bridge in Rameshwaram
</gallery>
</gallery>


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{{Portal|India|Geography}}
{{Portal|India|Geography}}


⚫
* [[Fishing in India]]
⚫
* [[Central Indian Ridge]]
⚫
* [[Southeast Indian Ridge]]
⚫
* [[Southwest Indian Ridge]]
⚫
* [[Rodrigues Triple Junction]]
* [[Tourism in India]]
* [[Tourism in India]]
* [[List_of_islands_of_India|List of islands in India]]
** [[Coastal India]]
⚫
** [[Fishing in India]]
** [[List of islands of India|List of islands in India]]
** [[List of beaches in India]]
* Geography around Lakshadweep
⚫
** [[Central Indian Ridge]]
⚫
** [[Southeast Indian Ridge]]
⚫
** [[Southwest Indian Ridge]]
⚫
** [[Rodrigues triple junction]]
** [[Shiva crater]]


== References ==
== References ==
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* [http://nbaindia.org/uploaded/docs/ncb_jan_06_12.pdf Coral Reefs in India – National Biodiversity Authority of India]
* [http://nbaindia.org/uploaded/docs/ncb_jan_06_12.pdf Coral Reefs in India – National Biodiversity Authority of India]
* [http://www.nio.org/index/option/com_nomenu/task/show/tid/85/sid/92/id/196 Official website – National Institute of Oceanography]
* [http://www.nio.org/index/option/com_nomenu/task/show/tid/85/sid/92/id/196 Official website – National Institute of Oceanography]

{{Corals}}


[[Category:Coral reefs]]
[[Category:Coral reefs]]
[[Category:Reefs of India]]
[[Category:Reefs of India]]
[[Category:India geography-related lists]]
[[Category:India geography-related lists]]
[[Category:Tourism in India]]


{{india-stub}}

Latest revision as of 20:10, 24 November 2024

Coral reef at the Andaman Islands
Feather star coral reef in Lakshadweep atolls

Coral reefs in India are one of the most ancient and dynamic ecosystems of India. The coral reefs not only provide a sanctuary to a myriad of marine life but also play a key role in protecting the coastline from erosion. India has about 7517 km of coastline including islands but mainland coast is 6100 km.[citation needed]

The Coral reefs in India are mainly restricted to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Gulf of Mannar, Gulf of Kutch, Palk Strait and the Lakshadweep islands. All of these reefs are Fringing reefs, except Lakshadweep which are Atolls. There are Patchy corals present along the inter-tidal areas of the central west coast like the intertidal regions of Ratnagiri, Gaveshani Bank etc. The Hermatypic corals are also present along the sea shore from Kollam in Kerala to Enayam Puthenthurai in Tamil Nadu.[1]

Research and Institutions

[edit]

The Major Institutions in India involved in the management, monitoring and research on Coral reefs are the Ministry of Earth Sciences, the Zoological Survey of India, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Madurai Kamaraj University, Annamalai University, National Centre for Earth Science Studies, National Institute of Ocean Technology, National Institute of Oceanography, India etc.[1]

The Space Applications Centre in Ahmedabad is involved in the data collection of areas under Coral reefs using remote sensing.[1]

Laws and regulations

[edit]

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change manages and guidelines for the protection of the Coral reefs in India. If the Coral reef region is under a protected area then it comes under the jurisdiction of the State Wild life department.[1]

The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notification of 1991 gives protection to all marine resources. All types of coral reefs are protected under the CRZ1 category. Its Section 7 (2) prohibits the construction of beach resorts or hotels on coral reefs. In Certain States, the quarrying and collecting of massive corals are banned except for scientific purposes.[1]

List of Coral reefs

[edit]
Situated in the Bay of Bengal, exclusively fringing reefs of about 572 islands, most of these islands have a healthy biodiversity.[2]

There is a coral reef near the sea between Chandrabhaga coast and Ramachandi in the Konark area of Odisha.

Fringing reefs with a chain of 21 islands from Rameswaram in the north to Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) in the south. This part of the gulf forms part of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve.[3]
Exclusively consists of fringing reefs. The reefs are relatively less developed due to large range of temperature and high salinity. The harbours have less biodiversity. The entire Gulf of Kutch is also known as a Marine National Park.[4]
Exclusively coral atolls with 36 islands, of which 10 are inhabited. The islands range from less than 1 km (0.62 mi) to about 9 km (5.6 mi) in length, and do not exceed 2 km (1.2 mi) in width.[5]
There are some coral reefs around small inlets in the western part of the Gulf of Khambat. Angria Bank is a coral reef off Vijaydurg in Maharashtra. Tarkarli in Malwan, Maharashtra is a smaller reef. There is a coral reef in Netrani Island in Karnataka.[citation needed]
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Vineeta Hoon. "Coral Reefs of India: Review of Their Extent, Condition, Research and Management Status by Vineeta Hoon". Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  2. ^ Planning Commission of India (2008). Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report. State Development Report series (illustrated ed.). Academic Foundation. ISBN 978-81-7188-652-4. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  3. ^ UNDP (1994). "Conservation and Sustainable-use of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve's Coastal Biodiversity" (PDF). UNDP, Project Brief, New York. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  4. ^ Apte, Deepak, Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutchh: A conservation challenge (PDF), Bombay Natural History Society, pp. 26–27, archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2007, retrieved 3 November 2014
  5. ^ "Location, Area and Population". lakshadweep.nic.in. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2014.

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coral reefs in India.
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