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m Members of the so called dirtbag left wouldn't consider either destiny or vaush as members of the movement, since the latter is an anticommunist and the latter has distanced himself from class and liberation politics.
 
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The '''dirtbag left''' is a style of [[left-wing politics]] that eschews [[civility]] in order to convey a [[left-wing populist]] and [[Anti-capitalism|anti-capitalist]] message using subversive [[vulgarity]]. It is most closely associated with American left-wing media that emerged in the mid-2010s, such as the podcast ''[[Chapo Trap House]]''.
The '''dirtbag left''' is a style of [[left-wing politics]] that eschews [[civility]] to convey a [[left-wing populist]] and [[Anti-capitalism|anti-capitalist]] message using [[vulgarity]]. It is most closely associated with American left-wing online media that emerged in the mid-2010s, such as the podcasts ''[[Chapo Trap House]]'' and ''[[Red Scare (podcast)|Red Scare]]''.


== Origins ==
== Origins ==
{{rquote |1=right |2= "Vulgarity is the language of the people, and so it should be among the grammars of the left, just as it has been historically, to wield righteously against the corrupt and the powerful."|3=Amber A'Lee Frost,<br />"The Necessity of Political Vulgarity"<ref name="Affairs"/>}}
{{quote box |width=33% |quote=Vulgarity is the language of the people, and so it should be among the grammars of the left, just as it has been historically, to wield righteously against the corrupt and the powerful. |author=—Amber A'Lee Frost |source="The Necessity of Political Vulgarity"<ref name="Affairs"/>}}


The term was coined by Amber A'Lee Frost and is associated with her essay "The Necessity of Political Vulgarity", published in ''[[Current Affairs (magazine)|Current Affairs]]'' in 2016.<ref name="NewYorker"/><ref name="Dissent"/> While the essay does not directly use the term ''dirtbag left'', it mounts a defense of politics that utilize "vulgarity as a tool for fighting the powerful", citing ''[[Libelle (literary genre)|libelles]]'' used to slander [[Marie Antoinette]], ''[[Cohen v. California]]'', and [[N.W.A]]'s protest song "[[Fuck tha Police]]", among others.<ref name="Affairs"/> While Frost notes that vulgarity in itself is not "inherently subversive", she argues that the left must reclaim vulgarity "from the [[Donald Trump|Trumps]] of the world", lest it be "handicapped by [its] own civility."<ref name="Affairs"/>
The term was coined by Amber A'Lee Frost and is associated with her essay "The Necessity of Political Vulgarity", published in ''[[Current Affairs (magazine)|Current Affairs]]'' in 2016.<ref name="NewYorker"/><ref name="Dissent"/> While the essay does not directly use the term ''dirtbag left'', it mounts a defense of politics that uses "vulgarity as a tool for fighting the powerful", citing ''[[Libelle (literary genre)|libelles]]'' used to slander [[Marie Antoinette]], ''[[Cohen v. California]]'', and [[N.W.A]]'s protest song "[[Fuck tha Police]]", among others.<ref name="Affairs"/> Frost writes that vulgarity in itself is not "inherently subversive", but argues that the left must reclaim vulgarity "from the [[Donald Trump|Trumps]] of the world", lest it be "handicapped by [its] own civility."<ref name="Affairs"/>


The dirtbag left is most closely associated with the American politics podcast ''[[Chapo Trap House]]'', of which Frost was a co-host. ''Chapo'' emerged in 2016 in the context of the [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries]] and subsequent [[2016 United States presidential election|presidential election]].<ref name="NewYorker"/> The podcast combines political analysis and [[pundit]]ry from a socialist perspective with elements of comedy and irony, in the style of a [[shock jock]].<ref name="Vox2"/><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2021-07-23 |title=The Post-Dirtbag Left |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/08/02/the-post-dirtbag-left |access-date=2022-05-17 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Chapo'' gained attention for its criticism of both the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] parties, particularly what the podcast claimed was the Democratic Party's complicity with a conservative agenda.<ref name="Dissent"/>
The dirtbag left is most closely associated with the American politics podcast ''[[Chapo Trap House]]'', which Frost co-hosted. ''Chapo'' emerged in 2016 in the context of the [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries]] and subsequent [[2016 United States presidential election|presidential election]].<ref name="NewYorker"/> It combines political analysis and [[pundit]]ry from a socialist perspective with elements of comedy and irony, in the style of a [[shock jock]].<ref name="Vox2"/><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2021-07-23 |title=The Post-Dirtbag Left |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/08/02/the-post-dirtbag-left |access-date=2022-05-17 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Chapo'' gained attention for its criticism of both the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] parties, particularly what the podcast claimed was the Democratic Party's complicity with a conservative agenda.<ref name="Dissent"/>


Beyond ''Chapo'', media outlets that have been alternately linked to or described as dirtbag left include the podcasts ''[[Street Fight Radio]]'',<ref name="TNR"/> ''[[TrueAnon]]'',<ref name="SFMOMA"/> ''[[Red Scare (podcast)|Red Scare]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Hannah |title=Why Millennial Leftists Have Made a BBC Filmmaker a Cult Hero |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2021/08/adam-curtis-millennial-leftist-progressive-fans/619479/ |access-date=5 July 2022 |work=The Atlantic |publisher=[[The Atlantic]] |date=11 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="RedScare"/><ref name="Spectator"/> ''[[Cum Town]]'',<ref name="Vox"/> the publications ''[[The Baffler]]'' and ''[[Current Affairs (magazine)|Current Affairs]]'',<ref name="TNR"/> and [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]] streamer [[Hasan Piker]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kotaku.com/socialist-twitch-streamer-says-hes-changing-minds-1834899434 | title=Socialist Twitch Streamer Says He's Changing Minds | date=May 20, 2019 }}</ref> These outlets are noted as presenting comedy as "applied to an ideological reading of the news of the day, with a particular focus on political feeling or style."<ref name="RedScare"/>
Beyond ''Chapo'', media outlets that have been linked to, described as, or identify with the dirtbag left include the podcasts ''[[Street Fight Radio]]'',<ref name="TNR"/> ''[[TrueAnon]]'',<ref name="SFMOMA"/> ''[[Red Scare (podcast)|Red Scare]]'',<ref name="RedScare"/><ref name="Spectator"/> and ''[[Cum Town]]'';<ref name="Vox"/> the publications ''[[The Baffler]]'' and ''[[Current Affairs (magazine)|Current Affairs]]'';<ref name="TNR"/> and internet streamers like [[Hasan Piker]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kotaku.com/socialist-twitch-streamer-says-hes-changing-minds-1834899434 | title=Socialist Twitch Streamer Says He's Changing Minds | date=May 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Mirrless, 2020">{{Cite book |last=Mirrlees |first=Tanner |title=Beyond Digital Capitalism: New Ways of Living |publisher=[[New York University Press]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-58367-883-1 |editor-last1=Panitch |editor-first1=Leo |editor-link=Leo Panitch |series=[[Socialist Register]] 2021 |location=New York |pages=112–136 |chapter=Socialists on Social Media Platforms: Communicating within and Against Digital Capitalism |jstor=j.ctv27ftv9f.9 |oclc=1255908917 |editor-last2=Albo |editor-first2=Greg}}</ref> These outlets are noted as presenting comedy as "applied to an ideological reading of the news of the day, with a particular focus on political feeling or style."<ref name="RedScare"/>


== Tenets and rhetorical style ==
== Tenets and rhetorical style ==


The dirtbag left has been described as an anti-[[fascist]], anti-[[Conservatism|conservative]], anti-[[Centrism|centrist]], and anti-[[Liberalism|liberal]] ideology.<ref name="Macleans"/> It has been linked to a variety of political stances, including anti-[[political correctness]];<ref name="Macleans"/> anti-[[Social inequality|inequality]];<ref name="NYT"/> a disregard for [[civility]];<ref name="Macleans"/> opposition to the wealthy and support for [[Redistribution of income and wealth|redistributive economic policies]];<ref name="Times"/><ref name="NYT"/> and support for both the [[Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign|2016]] and [[Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaigns]] of [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref name="NYT"/>
The dirtbag left has been described as an [[anti-fascist]], anti-[[Conservatism|conservative]], anti-[[Nationalism|nationalist]], anti-[[Centrism|centrist]], and anti-[[Liberalism|liberal]] ideology.<ref name="Macleans"/> It has been linked to a variety of political stances, including anti–[[political correctness]];<ref name="Macleans"/> anti-[[Social inequality|inequality]];<ref name="NYT"/> a disregard for [[civility]];<ref name="Macleans"/> opposition to the wealthy and support for [[Redistribution of income and wealth|redistributive economic policies]];<ref name="Times"/><ref name="NYT"/> and support for both the [[Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign|2016]] and [[Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaigns]] of [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref name="NYT"/> The [[Iraq War]] and [[2008 financial crisis]] have been cited as particular radicalizing events for the dirtbag left.<ref name="Guardian"/>


⚫
Rhetorically, the dirtbag left is noted as a vulgar, "bawdy offensive balance to cautious mainstream liberal politics",<ref name="NYT"/> with "a dismissive attitude towards the niceties of liberal political correctness"<ref name="Times"/> that frequently direct insults and attacks through [[social media]] at specific public figures with political or economic power.<ref name="Dissent"/> ''[[The Times]]'' of London cited the rise of this rhetorical style as evidence of "the limitations of [[woke]]ness as a political force" and an example of the changing nature of politics on the internet.<ref name="Times"/>
The [[Iraq War]] and [[2008 financial crisis]] have been cited as particular radicalizing events for the dirtbag left.<ref name="Guardian"/>


⚫
Despite the connotations of the term ''dirtbag left'', its use is not typically considered derogatory, with ''[[The New York Times]]'' calling the term "a [[defense mechanism]] that doubles as a nickname."<ref name="NYT"/> Self-identification with the term is indicative of the dirtbag left's tendency toward [[irony]] and [[self-deprecation]], with Frost noting that the term "speaks to a lot of people who have been dismissed or chided by liberals for embracing vulgarity, eschewing sanctimony or piety, and refusing to be civil to the right wing", adding that the term "says something positive about what we do believe, and what we’re willing to ruthlessly fight for, regardless of established etiquette."<ref name="Macleans"/> ''Chapo'' co-host Will Menaker joked that "if you sleep on a mattress on the floor and fuck in a sleeping bag, then you just might be the dirtbag left",<ref name="NewYorker" /> before explaining that he sees the dirtbag left as a "scurrilous and funny approach to left-wing politics" that contrasts "utterly humorless and bloodless" liberalism.<ref name="Paste"/>
⚫
Rhetorically, the dirtbag left is noted as a vulgar, "bawdy offensive balance to cautious mainstream liberal politics",<ref name="NYT"/> with "a dismissive attitude towards the niceties of liberal political correctness"<ref name="Times"/> that frequently direct insults and attacks through [[social media]] at specific public figures with political or economic power.<ref name="Dissent"/> ''[[The Times]]'' (London) cited the rise of this rhetorical style as evidence of "the limitations of [[woke]]ness as a political force", and an example of the changing nature of politics on the internet.<ref name="Times"/>

⚫
Despite the connotations of the term "dirtbag left", its use is not typically considered derogatory, with ''[[The New York Times]]'' describing the term as "a [[defense mechanism]] that doubles as a nickname."<ref name="NYT"/> Self-identification with the term is indicative of the dirtbag left's tendency towards [[irony]] and [[self-deprecation]], with Frost noting that the term "speaks to a lot of people who have been dismissed or chided by liberals for embracing vulgarity, eschewing sanctimony or piety, and refusing to be civil to the right wing," adding that the term "says something positive about what we do believe, and what we’re willing to ruthlessly fight for, regardless of established etiquette."<ref name="Macleans"/> ''Chapo'' co-host Will Menaker joked that "if you sleep on a mattress on the floor and fuck in a sleeping bag, then you just might be the dirtbag left",<ref name="NewYorker" /> before explaining that he sees the dirtbag left as a "scurrilous and funny approach to left-wing politics" that contrasts "utterly humorless and bloodless" liberalism.<ref name="Paste"/>


== Criticism ==
== Criticism ==


Writer [[Amanda Marcotte]] argued that the ideology is linked to "that male privilege of intimidating people into assuming you're cool" and comparing it to the television series ''[[Jackass (franchise)|Jackass]]''.<ref name="NYT"/> Writer [[Jeet Heer]] argued that the dirtbag left is a form of "doomed to fail" dominance politics, arguing that "derision is useful for one half of politics—defeating the opposing party—but has nothing to say to the crucial other half of forming alliances that can govern effectively for the people."<ref name="TNR"/>
Writer [[Amanda Marcotte]] argued that the ideology is linked to "that male privilege of intimidating people into assuming you're cool" and comparing it to the television series ''[[Jackass (franchise)|Jackass]]''.<ref name="NYT"/> Writer [[Jeet Heer]] argued that the dirtbag left is a form of "doomed to fail" dominance politics, arguing that "derision is useful for one half of politics—defeating the opposing party—but has nothing to say to the crucial other half of forming alliances that can govern effectively for the people."<ref name="TNR"/>

While [[right-wing]] [[misogyny]] often gets more attention, academics note that [[toxic masculinity]] within the dirtbag left has led to harassment of women and even resulted in a statement by the [[Democratic Socialists of America]] about [[sexism]] in its organization.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Menon |first1=Pratiksha |title=The Dirtbag Left: Bernie Bros and the Persistence of Left-Wing Misogyny |date=2021 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83734-1_19 |work=The Palgrave Handbook of Gendered Violence and Technology |pages=375–393 |editor-last=Powell |editor-first=Anastasia |access-date=2023-04-21 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-83734-1_19 |isbn=978-3-030-83734-1 |last2=DeCook |first2=Julia R. |s2cid=245637556 |editor2-last=Flynn |editor2-first=Asher |editor3-last=Sugiura |editor3-first=Lisa}}</ref>{{page range too broad|date=March 2024}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 41: Line 41:
<ref name="RedScare">{{cite web |last1=Malone |first1=Noreen |title=''Red Scare'' Leans Into Nothing |url=https://www.thecut.com/2018/10/profile-red-scare-podcast.html |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=5 May 2020 |date=25 October 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="RedScare">{{cite web |last1=Malone |first1=Noreen |title=''Red Scare'' Leans Into Nothing |url=https://www.thecut.com/2018/10/profile-red-scare-podcast.html |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=5 May 2020 |date=25 October 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="SFMOMA">{{cite web |last1=Beckwith |first1=Caleb |title=Epstein Brain is for the People |url=https://openspace.sfmoma.org/2020/03/epstein-brain-is-for-the-people/ |website=[[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]] |access-date=30 April 2020 |date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="SFMOMA">{{cite web |last1=Beckwith |first1=Caleb |title=Epstein Brain is for the People |url=https://openspace.sfmoma.org/2020/03/epstein-brain-is-for-the-people/ |website=[[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]] |access-date=30 April 2020 |date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Spectator">{{cite web |last1=Power |first1=Nina |authorlink1=Nina Power |title=Oracles, perverts and the Dirtbag Left |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/oracles-perverts-and-the-dirtbag-left |website=[[The Spectator]]|location=London |access-date=15 May 2020 |date=7 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Spectator">{{cite web |last1=Power |first1=Nina |title=Oracles, perverts and the Dirtbag Left |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/oracles-perverts-and-the-dirtbag-left |website=[[The Spectator]]|location=London |access-date=15 May 2020 |date=7 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Times">{{cite web |last1=Marriott |first1=James |title=Goodbye woke liberals, hello dirtbag left |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/woke-liberalism-is-dead-stand-by-for-the-dirtbag-left-v5v29pw57 |work=[[The Times]]|location=London|access-date=15 May 2020 |date=21 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Times">{{cite web |last1=Marriott |first1=James |title=Goodbye woke liberals, hello dirtbag left |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/woke-liberalism-is-dead-stand-by-for-the-dirtbag-left-v5v29pw57 |work=[[The Times]]|location=London|access-date=15 May 2020 |date=21 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Vox">{{cite web |last1=North |first1=Anna |last2=Stein |first2=Jeff |title=Listen to what socialist women are saying about misogyny on the left |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/10/24/16503462/dsa-women-cumtown-chapo |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |access-date=5 May 2020 |date=24 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Vox">{{cite web |last1=North |first1=Anna |last2=Stein |first2=Jeff |title=Listen to what socialist women are saying about misogyny on the left |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/10/24/16503462/dsa-women-cumtown-chapo |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |access-date=5 May 2020 |date=24 October 2017}}</ref>
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[[Category:2016 neologisms]]
[[Category:2016 neologisms]]
[[Category:2010s neologisms]]
[[Category:American political neologisms]]
[[Category:American political neologisms]]
[[Category:Left-wing populism in the United States]]
[[Category:Left-wing populism in the United States]]

Latest revision as of 20:13, 24 November 2024

The dirtbag left is a style of left-wing politics that eschews civility to convey a left-wing populist and anti-capitalist message using vulgarity. It is most closely associated with American left-wing online media that emerged in the mid-2010s, such as the podcasts Chapo Trap House and Red Scare.

Origins

[edit]

Vulgarity is the language of the people, and so it should be among the grammars of the left, just as it has been historically, to wield righteously against the corrupt and the powerful.

—Amber A'Lee Frost, "The Necessity of Political Vulgarity"[1]

The term was coined by Amber A'Lee Frost and is associated with her essay "The Necessity of Political Vulgarity", published in Current Affairs in 2016.[2][3] While the essay does not directly use the term dirtbag left, it mounts a defense of politics that uses "vulgarity as a tool for fighting the powerful", citing libelles used to slander Marie Antoinette, Cohen v. California, and N.W.A's protest song "Fuck tha Police", among others.[1] Frost writes that vulgarity in itself is not "inherently subversive", but argues that the left must reclaim vulgarity "from the Trumps of the world", lest it be "handicapped by [its] own civility."[1]

The dirtbag left is most closely associated with the American politics podcast Chapo Trap House, which Frost co-hosted. Chapo emerged in 2016 in the context of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries and subsequent presidential election.[2] It combines political analysis and punditry from a socialist perspective with elements of comedy and irony, in the style of a shock jock.[4][5] Chapo gained attention for its criticism of both the Republican and Democratic parties, particularly what the podcast claimed was the Democratic Party's complicity with a conservative agenda.[3]

Beyond Chapo, media outlets that have been linked to, described as, or identify with the dirtbag left include the podcasts Street Fight Radio,[6] TrueAnon,[7] Red Scare,[8][9] and Cum Town;[10] the publications The Baffler and Current Affairs;[6] and internet streamers like Hasan Piker.[11][12] These outlets are noted as presenting comedy as "applied to an ideological reading of the news of the day, with a particular focus on political feeling or style."[8]

Tenets and rhetorical style

[edit]

The dirtbag left has been described as an anti-fascist, anti-conservative, anti-nationalist, anti-centrist, and anti-liberal ideology.[13] It has been linked to a variety of political stances, including anti–political correctness;[13] anti-inequality;[14] a disregard for civility;[13] opposition to the wealthy and support for redistributive economic policies;[15][14] and support for both the 2016 and 2020 presidential campaigns of Bernie Sanders.[14] The Iraq War and 2008 financial crisis have been cited as particular radicalizing events for the dirtbag left.[16]

Rhetorically, the dirtbag left is noted as a vulgar, "bawdy offensive balance to cautious mainstream liberal politics",[14] with "a dismissive attitude towards the niceties of liberal political correctness"[15] that frequently direct insults and attacks through social media at specific public figures with political or economic power.[3] The Times of London cited the rise of this rhetorical style as evidence of "the limitations of wokeness as a political force" and an example of the changing nature of politics on the internet.[15]

Despite the connotations of the term dirtbag left, its use is not typically considered derogatory, with The New York Times calling the term "a defense mechanism that doubles as a nickname."[14] Self-identification with the term is indicative of the dirtbag left's tendency toward irony and self-deprecation, with Frost noting that the term "speaks to a lot of people who have been dismissed or chided by liberals for embracing vulgarity, eschewing sanctimony or piety, and refusing to be civil to the right wing", adding that the term "says something positive about what we do believe, and what we’re willing to ruthlessly fight for, regardless of established etiquette."[13] Chapo co-host Will Menaker joked that "if you sleep on a mattress on the floor and fuck in a sleeping bag, then you just might be the dirtbag left",[2] before explaining that he sees the dirtbag left as a "scurrilous and funny approach to left-wing politics" that contrasts "utterly humorless and bloodless" liberalism.[17]

Criticism

[edit]

Writer Amanda Marcotte argued that the ideology is linked to "that male privilege of intimidating people into assuming you're cool" and comparing it to the television series Jackass.[14] Writer Jeet Heer argued that the dirtbag left is a form of "doomed to fail" dominance politics, arguing that "derision is useful for one half of politics—defeating the opposing party—but has nothing to say to the crucial other half of forming alliances that can govern effectively for the people."[6]

While right-wing misogyny often gets more attention, academics note that toxic masculinity within the dirtbag left has led to harassment of women and even resulted in a statement by the Democratic Socialists of America about sexism in its organization.[18][page range too broad]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Frost, Amber A'Lee (August 25, 2016). "The Necessity of Political Vulgarity". Current Affairs. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Tolentino, Jia (November 18, 2016). "What Will Become of the Dirtbag Left?". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c Jones, Sarah (Fall 2018). "The Dirtbag Manifesto". Dissent. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  4. ^ Beauchamp, Zac (March 9, 2020). "The raging controversy over "Bernie Bros" and the so-called dirtbag left, explained". Vox. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  5. ^ "The Post-Dirtbag Left". The New Yorker. July 23, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
  6. ^ a b c Heer, Jeet (July 19, 2017). "The Dirtbag Left and the Problem of Dominance Politics". The New Republic. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  7. ^ Beckwith, Caleb (March 3, 2020). "Epstein Brain is for the People". San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  8. ^ a b Malone, Noreen (October 25, 2018). "Red Scare Leans Into Nothing". New York. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  9. ^ Power, Nina (March 7, 2020). "Oracles, perverts and the Dirtbag Left". The Spectator. London. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  10. ^ North, Anna; Stein, Jeff (October 24, 2017). "Listen to what socialist women are saying about misogyny on the left". Vox. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  11. ^ "Socialist Twitch Streamer Says He's Changing Minds". May 20, 2019.
  12. ^ Mirrlees, Tanner (2020). "Socialists on Social Media Platforms: Communicating within and Against Digital Capitalism". In Panitch, Leo; Albo, Greg (eds.). Beyond Digital Capitalism: New Ways of Living. Socialist Register 2021. New York: New York University Press. pp. 112–136. ISBN 978-1-58367-883-1. JSTOR j.ctv27ftv9f.9. OCLC 1255908917.
  13. ^ a b c d Semley, John (July 5, 2017). "The rise of the internet's 'dirtbag left'". Maclean's. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Bowles, Nellie (March 1, 2020). "The Pied Pipers of the Dirtbag Left Want to Lead Everyone to Bernie Sanders". The New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  15. ^ a b c Marriott, James (April 21, 2020). "Goodbye woke liberals, hello dirtbag left". The Times. London. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  16. ^ Koshy, Yohann (June 3, 2019). "'The Voice of the Dirtbag Left': socialist US comics Chapo Trap House". The Guardian. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  17. ^ Rhode, Jason (July 29, 2016). "Chapo Trap House are the Vulgar, Brilliant Demigods of the New Progressive Left". Paste. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  18. ^ Menon, Pratiksha; DeCook, Julia R. (2021), Powell, Anastasia; Flynn, Asher; Sugiura, Lisa (eds.), "The Dirtbag Left: Bernie Bros and the Persistence of Left-Wing Misogyny", The Palgrave Handbook of Gendered Violence and Technology, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 375–393, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83734-1_19, ISBN 978-3-030-83734-1, S2CID 245637556, retrieved April 21, 2023
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