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{{Short description|None}}
{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{See also|Public holidays in Russia}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{Mcn|date=September 2009}}
{{Culture of the Soviet Union}}
{{Culture of the Soviet Union}}


In the [[Soviet Union]], [[public holiday]]s were set at a state level by the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]].<ref name="calend">{{Cite web|url=http://www.calend.ru/holidays/0/0/143/|title=День медицинского работника (День медика)|website=Calend.ru|access-date=2018-06-29}}</ref> More than 30 holidays were recognized in the Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nash |first=Edmund |date=1955 |title=Hours of Work, Holidays, and Vacations in the Soviet Union |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41833410 |journal=Monthly Labor Review |volume=78 |issue=10 |pages=1144–1146 |issn=0098-1818}}</ref>
There were eight major '''Public holidays in the [[Soviet Union]]'''. There were over 30 holidays total.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}


==Major holidays==
== Official holidays ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|- style=background:#efefef;
|- style=background:#efefef;
! Date !! English Name !! Russian Name !! Remarks
! Date !! English name !! Russian name !! Notes
|-
|-
| January 1 || [[New Year's Day]] || Новый год || Arguably the largest celebration of the year. Most of the traditions that were originally associated with [[Christmas in Russia]] ([[Father Frost]], a decorated fir-tree) were moved to New Year's Eve after the Revolution and are [[Novy God|associated]] with New Year's Eve to this day.
| 1 January || [[New Year's Day]] || {{Langx|ru|Новый год|links=no}} || Most of the traditions that were originally associated with [[Christmas in Russia]], such as [[Father Frost]] and decorated fir-trees, [[Novy God|have been moved to New Year's Day]] since the [[October Revolution]], arguably making New Year's Day the largest celebration in the Soviet Union and modern [[Russia]].
|-
|-
| February 23 || [[Defender of the Fatherland Day|Soviet Army and Navy Day]] || {{Langx|ru|День Советской Армии и Военно-морского флота|links=no}} ("Day of the Soviet Army and Navy")|| First celebrated in 1919, Soviet Army and Navy Day, originally known as Red Army Day ({{langx|ru|link=no|День Красной Армии}}), marked 17 February 1918, the date during the [[Russian Civil War]] when the first mass draft into the [[Red Army]] occurred in [[Saint Petersburg|Petrograd]] and [[Moscow]]. In January 1919, a decision was made to combine it with the celebration of the following day, on which the decree on the establishment of the [[Red Army]] was published. In 1919, 17 February fell on a Monday, so a decision was also made to move the combined holiday to the following Sunday, 23 February. That choice of day has been retained ever since. In 1923, the holiday was officially named Day of the Red Army and [[Red Navy|the Navy]]. In 1949, it was renamed to Soviet Army and Navy Day ({{Langx|ru|День Советской армии и Военно-морского флота|translit=Dyen' Sovyetskoy armii i Voyenno-morskogo flota|links=no}}).<ref name=UPDFD23213>{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2013/02/23/113366/ Таємниця 23 лютого. Українцям є що святкувати "'Mystery of February 23. Ukrainians have something to celebrate"], ''[[Ukrayinska Pravda]]'' (23 February 2013)</ref> Under its current name, [[Defender of the Fatherland Day]] ({{Langx|ru|День защитника отечества|links=no}}), the holiday was decreed a Russian state holiday in 2002 and is observed in several [[post-Soviet states]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=gcoPodT6pzkC&dq=Defender+of+the+Fatherland+Day&pg=PA245 Russian Nationalism and the National Reassertion of Russia] by [[Marlène Laruelle]], Taylor & Francis, 2009, {{ISBN|0415484464}} (page 245)</ref>
|- valign=top
| February 23 || [[Red Army Day]] || День Советской Армии и Военно-морского флота ("Day of the Soviet Army and Navy")|| Formation of the [[Red Army]] in February 1918. It wasn't an official holiday, unlike the others. {{Citation needed|date=August 2017}} It is currently called День защитника отечества ("Day of the Defender of the Fatherland") in Russia.
|-
|-
| March 8 || [[International Women's Day]] || Международный женский день, (Восьмое марта Vosmoe marta) || An official holiday marking [[women's liberation movement]], popularly celebrated as a cross between American Mother's Day and Valentine's Day.
| 8 March || [[International Women's Day]] || {{Langx|ru|Международный женский день, (Восьмое марта Vosmoe marta)|links=no}} || International Women’s Day was a holiday marking the [[women's liberation movement]], popularly celebrated as a cross between [[Mother's Day]] and [[Valentine's Day]]. It also marks the anniversary of the start of the [[February Revolution]].
|-
|-
| April 12 || [[Cosmonautics Day]] || День космонавтики ("Day of Cosmonautics")||The day [[Yuri Gagarin]] became the first human in space in 1961.
| April 12 || [[Cosmonautics Day]] || {{Langx|ru|День космонавтики|links=no}} ("Day of Cosmonautics")|| Cosmonautics Day marked the anniversary of the day [[Yuri Gagarin]] became the first human in space in 1961.
|-
|-
| May 1 || [[International Workers' Day|International Labor Day (May Day)]] || Первое Мая - День международной солидарности трудящихся ("International Day of Worker's Solidarity") || Celebrated on May 1 and May 2. Now called Праздник весны и труда ("Celebration of Spring and Labor").
| 1 May || [[International Workers' Day|International Labor Day (May Day)]] || {{Langx|ru|День международной солидарности трудящихся (Первое Мая)|links=no}} ("International Day of Worker's Solidarity (May Day)") || In modern Russia, International Labor Day is called the Celebration of Spring and Labor ({{Langx|ru|Праздник весны и труда|links=no}}).
|-
|-
| May 9 || [[Victory Day (Eastern Europe)|Victory Day]] || День Победы || End of [[Great Patriotic War]], marked by [[Capitulation (surrender)|capitulation]] of [[Nazi Germany]], 1945
| 9 May || [[Victory Day (Eastern Europe)|Victory Day]] || {{Langx|ru|День Победы|links=no}} || Victory Day marked the anniversary of the 1945 [[capitulation of Nazi Germany]], which ended the [[Great Patriotic War]].
|-
|-
| Third Sunday of June || [[Medical Worker Day]] || {{Langx|ru|День медицинского работника|links=no}} || A professional holiday honoring medical staff, Medical Worker Day was a recognized holiday in the Soviet Union from 1988, when the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]] modified its 1980 decree "About commemorative dates and observances".<ref name="calend" />
⚫
| October 7 || USSR Constitution Day || День Конституции СССР ||[[1977 Constitution of the USSR]] accepted - from 1936 to 1977 celebrated on December 5, after the [[1936 Soviet Constitution]]
|-
|-
⚫
| 7 October || Constitution Day || {{Langx|ru|День Конституции|links=no}} || [[Constitution Day]] of the Soviet Union marked the anniversary of the date that the [[1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union]] went into effect. Between 1936 and 1977, it was celebrated on December 5, after the [[1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union]].
| November 7 || [[October Revolution Day]] || Годовщина Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции or Седьмое ноября || Celebrating [[October Revolution]] of 1917. It has now been replaced with День примирения и согласия ("Day of Reconciliation and Agreement"), celebrated on a Nov. 7 (at least officially) before amendments in Labour Codex (adopted in December 2004, new holiday, which celebrates at November 4 is the People Unity Day ("День народного единства)" in Russia.
|-
| 7 November || [[October Revolution Day]] || {{Langx|ru|Годовщина Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции or Седьмое ноября|links=no}} || From 1927 to 1990, October Revolution Day commemorated the anniversary of the 1917 [[October Revolution]].<ref name="rians">{{Cite news |title=День Октябрьской революции 1917 года |url=https://ria.ru/spravka/20171107/1507990701.html |access-date=26 October 2018 |work=РИА Новости |date=7 November 2017 |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111115316/https://ria.ru/spravka/20171107/1507990701.html |archive-date=2017-11-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], it was replaced in Russia with the Day of Reconciliation and Agreement ({{Langx|ru|День примирения и согласия|links=no}}) before amendments to the Labor Codex were adopted in December 2004, creating a new holiday, People Unity Day ({{Langx|ru|День народного единства|links=no}}), which was moved to 4 November.
|}
|}


==Religious holidays==
== Unofficial holidays ==
Some holidays, particularly [[religious holiday]]s, were celebrated but not officially recognized in the Soviet Union.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Date !! English Name !! Local Name !! Remarks
! Date !! English name !! Local name !! Notes
|-
|-
| January 7 || [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] Christmas || ||
| 7 January || [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] Christmas || ||
|-
|-
|January 25||[[Tatiana Day]]||{{lang|ru|Татьянин день}} ||
| 25 January ||[[Tatiana Day]]||{{lang|ru|Татьянин день}} ||
|-
|-
| December 25 || Catholic Christmas || ||
| 25 December || Catholic Christmas || ||
|-
|-
| March 21 || [[Nowruz]] || Новруз || Limited in [[Soviet Central Asia]] and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Transcaucasia]]
| 21 March || [[Nowruz]] || Новруз || Primarily celebrated in [[Soviet Central Asia]] and [[Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic|Soviet Transcaucasia]]
|-
|-
|date varies || [[Eid al-Fitr]] || Eid-i-Ramazon || Commemorates end of [[Ramadan]]
| Date varies || [[Eid al-Fitr]] || Eid-i-Ramazon || Commemorates end of [[Ramadan]]
|-
|-
|date varies || [[Eid al-Adha]] || Eid-i-Kurbon || Occurs 70 days after the end of Ramadan
|Date varies || [[Eid al-Adha]] || Eid-i-Kurbon || Occurs 70 days after the end of Ramadan
|}
|}


==See also==
== See also ==
*[[Public holidays in Russia]]
*[[Public holidays in Russia]]


== References ==
{{Public holidays in the Soviet Union}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Soviet Union topics}}
{{Soviet Union topics}}


Latest revision as of 20:45, 24 November 2024

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In the Soviet Union, public holidays were set at a state level by the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.[1] More than 30 holidays were recognized in the Soviet Union.[2]

Official holidays

[edit]
Date English name Russian name Notes
1 January New Year's Day Russian: Новый год Most of the traditions that were originally associated with Christmas in Russia, such as Father Frost and decorated fir-trees, have been moved to New Year's Day since the October Revolution, arguably making New Year's Day the largest celebration in the Soviet Union and modern Russia.
February 23 Soviet Army and Navy Day Russian: День Советской Армии и Военно-морского флота ("Day of the Soviet Army and Navy") First celebrated in 1919, Soviet Army and Navy Day, originally known as Red Army Day (Russian: День Красной Армии), marked 17 February 1918, the date during the Russian Civil War when the first mass draft into the Red Army occurred in Petrograd and Moscow. In January 1919, a decision was made to combine it with the celebration of the following day, on which the decree on the establishment of the Red Army was published. In 1919, 17 February fell on a Monday, so a decision was also made to move the combined holiday to the following Sunday, 23 February. That choice of day has been retained ever since. In 1923, the holiday was officially named Day of the Red Army and the Navy. In 1949, it was renamed to Soviet Army and Navy Day (Russian: День Советской армии и Военно-морского флота, romanized: Dyen' Sovyetskoy armii i Voyenno-morskogo flota).[3] Under its current name, Defender of the Fatherland Day (Russian: День защитника отечества), the holiday was decreed a Russian state holiday in 2002 and is observed in several post-Soviet states.[4]
8 March International Women's Day Russian: Международный женский день, (Восьмое марта Vosmoe marta) International Women’s Day was a holiday marking the women's liberation movement, popularly celebrated as a cross between Mother's Day and Valentine's Day. It also marks the anniversary of the start of the February Revolution.
April 12 Cosmonautics Day Russian: День космонавтики ("Day of Cosmonautics") Cosmonautics Day marked the anniversary of the day Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space in 1961.
1 May International Labor Day (May Day) Russian: День международной солидарности трудящихся (Первое Мая) ("International Day of Worker's Solidarity (May Day)") In modern Russia, International Labor Day is called the Celebration of Spring and Labor (Russian: Праздник весны и труда).
9 May Victory Day Russian: День Победы Victory Day marked the anniversary of the 1945 capitulation of Nazi Germany, which ended the Great Patriotic War.
Third Sunday of June Medical Worker Day Russian: День медицинского работника A professional holiday honoring medical staff, Medical Worker Day was a recognized holiday in the Soviet Union from 1988, when the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet modified its 1980 decree "About commemorative dates and observances".[1]
7 October Constitution Day Russian: День Конституции Constitution Day of the Soviet Union marked the anniversary of the date that the 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union went into effect. Between 1936 and 1977, it was celebrated on December 5, after the 1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union.
7 November October Revolution Day Russian: Годовщина Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции or Седьмое ноября From 1927 to 1990, October Revolution Day commemorated the anniversary of the 1917 October Revolution.[5] Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it was replaced in Russia with the Day of Reconciliation and Agreement (Russian: День примирения и согласия) before amendments to the Labor Codex were adopted in December 2004, creating a new holiday, People Unity Day (Russian: День народного единства), which was moved to 4 November.

Unofficial holidays

[edit]

Some holidays, particularly religious holidays, were celebrated but not officially recognized in the Soviet Union.

Date English name Local name Notes
7 January Orthodox Christmas
25 January Tatiana Day Татьянин день
25 December Catholic Christmas
21 March Nowruz Новруз Primarily celebrated in Soviet Central Asia and Soviet Transcaucasia
Date varies Eid al-Fitr Eid-i-Ramazon Commemorates end of Ramadan
Date varies Eid al-Adha Eid-i-Kurbon Occurs 70 days after the end of Ramadan

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "День медицинского работника (День медика)". Calend.ru. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  2. ^ Nash, Edmund (1955). "Hours of Work, Holidays, and Vacations in the Soviet Union". Monthly Labor Review. 78 (10): 1144–1146. ISSN 0098-1818.
  3. ^ (in Ukrainian) Таємниця 23 лютого. Українцям є що святкувати "'Mystery of February 23. Ukrainians have something to celebrate", Ukrayinska Pravda (23 February 2013)
  4. ^ Russian Nationalism and the National Reassertion of Russia by Marlène Laruelle, Taylor & Francis, 2009, ISBN 0415484464 (page 245)
  5. ^ "День Октябрьской революции 1917 года". РИА Новости (in Russian). 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
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