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Coordinates: 46°43′N 7°5′E / 46.717°N 7.083°E / 46.717; 7.083
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Canton of Fribourg
| name = Canton of Fribourg
| other_name = Canton of Freiburg
| native_name = {{native name|fr|Canton de Fribourg}}<br/>{{native name|de|Kanton Freiburg}}
⚫
| settlement_type = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]]
| image_flag = Flag of Canton of Fribourg.svg
| settlement_type = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]]
| image_shield = Wappen Freiburg matt.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Canton of Fribourg.svg
| shield_size = 80x80px
| image_shield = Wappen Freiburg matt.svg
| shield_link =
| shield_size = 80x80px
| shield_link =
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|zoom=6|type=shape|stroke-width=2|frame-lat=46.7|frame-long=8.25|frame-width=275|frame-height=175}}
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|zoom=6|type=shape|stroke-width=2|frame-lat=46.7|frame-long=8.25|frame-width=275|frame-height=175}}
| map_alt = Map of Switzerland, location of Fribourg highlighted
| map_caption = Location in Switzerland
| map_alt = Map of Switzerland, location of Fribourg highlighted
⚫
| map_caption = Location in Switzerland
{{hidden |ta1 = left| border = 1px solid grey | header = Map of Fribourg | content = <br/>[[File:Karte Kanton Freiburg 2010.png|250px]] }}
{{hidden |ta1 = left| border = 1px solid grey | header = Map of Fribourg | content = <br/>[[File:Karte Kanton Freiburg 2010.png|250px]] }}
| coordinates = {{coord|46|43|N|7|5|E|region:CH-FR|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|46|43|N|7|5|E|region:CH-FR|display=inline,title}}
| seat_type = Capital
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = [[Fribourg|Fribourg/Freiburg]]
| seat = [[Fribourg|Fribourg/Freiburg]]
| parts_type = Subdivisions
| parts_type = Subdivisions
| parts_style = para
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg|168 municipalities]]
| p1 = [[Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg|168 municipalities]]
| p2 = [[Districts of Switzerland#Fribourg|7 districts]]
| p2 = [[Districts of Switzerland#Fribourg|7 districts]]
| leader_title = [[List of cantonal executives of Switzerland|Executive]]
| leader_title = [[List of cantonal executives of Switzerland|Executive]]
| leader_name = Conseil d'Etat/Staatsrat (7)
| leader_name = Conseil d'Etat/Staatsrat (7)
| leader_title1 = [[List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland|Legislative]]
| leader_title1 = [[List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland|Legislative]]
| leader_name1 = [[Grand Council of Fribourg]] (130)
| leader_name1 = [[Grand Council of Fribourg]] (130)
| area_footnotes = {{Swiss area data||QUELLE-KT}}
| area_footnotes = {{Swiss area data||QUELLE-KT}}
| area_total_km2 = {{Swiss area|FR|km=yes }}
| area_total_km2 = {{Swiss area|FR|km=yes }}
| population_footnotes = {{Swiss populations ref|CH-FR }}
| population_footnotes = {{Swiss populations ref|CH-FR }}
| population_total = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|CH-FR}}
| population_total = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|CH-FR}}
| population_as_of = {{Swiss populations data CH-FR|YM}}
| population_as_of = {{Swiss populations data CH-FR|YM}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| iso_code = CH-FR
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistik |first=Bundesamt für |date=2021-01-21 |title=Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 {{!}} Tabelle |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/15304856 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Bundesamt für Statistik |language=de}}</ref>
⚫
| blank_name_sec1 = [[List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation|Highest point]]
| demographics1_title1 = Total
⚫
| blank_info_sec1 = {{convert|2389|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}: [[Vanil Noir]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Swiss franc|CHF]] 19.180 billion (2020)
⚫
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation|Lowest point]]
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
⚫
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{convert|429|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}: shore [[Lake Neuchâtel]]
| demographics1_info2 = CHF 59,263 (2020)
⚫
| blank_name_sec2 = [[History of Switzerland#Order of accession of the cantons|Joined]]
| blank_info_sec2 = 1481
| iso_code = CH-FR
⚫
| blank_name_sec1 = [[List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation|Highest point]]
⚫
| blank1_name_sec2 = Languages
⚫
| blank_info_sec1 = {{convert|2389|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}: [[Vanil Noir]]
⚫
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]]
⚫
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation|Lowest point]]
⚫
| website = {{URL|http://www.FR.ch}}
⚫
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{convert|429|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}: shore [[Lake Neuchâtel]]
⚫
| blank_name_sec2 = [[History of Switzerland#Order of accession of the cantons|Joined]]
| blank_info_sec2 = 1481
⚫
| blank1_name_sec2 = Languages
⚫
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]]
⚫
| website = {{URL|http://www.FR.ch}}
| image_blank_emblem = Fribourg.svg
| blank_emblem_type = [[Brandmark]]
| blank_emblem_size = 120px
}}
}}
The '''canton of Fribourg''', also '''canton of Freiburg''' ({{lang-fr|canton de Fribourg}} {{IPA-fr|kɑ̃tɔ̃ d(ə) fʁibuʁ|}}; {{lang-de|Kanton Freiburg}} {{IPA-de|ˈfraɪbʊrɡ||De-Freiburg.ogg}}; {{lang-frp|Canton de Fribôrg}} {{IPA-frp|cɛ̃ˈtɔ̃ də fʁiˈbwa||Frp-greverin-lè Tyinton dè Friboua.ogg}}) is located in western [[Switzerland]]. The [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] is [[bilingual]], with French spoken by two thirds of the citizens and German by about one third.<ref name=SJF14>{{cite web |url=http://www.fr.ch/sstat/files/pdf61/Ann-2014-internet8.pdf |format=PDF; 8,95&nbsp;[[Byte|MB]] |title=Annuaire statistique du canton de Fribourg – Statistisches Jahrbuch des Kantons Freiburg – 2014 |location=Fribourg, Switzerland |language=fr, de |publisher=Amt für Statistik des Staates Freiburg |access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of [[Fribourg]].
The '''canton of Fribourg''',{{efn|{{langx|fr|Canton de Fribourg}} {{IPA|fr|kɑ̃tɔ̃ d(ə) fʁibuʁ|}}; {{langx|frp|Quenton de Fribôrg}} {{IPA|frp|cɛ̃ˈtɔ̃ də fʁiˈbwa||Frp-greverin-lè Tyinton dè Friboua.ogg}}; {{langx|rm|Chantun Friburg}}; {{langx|it|Canton Friburgo}}.}} also '''canton of Freiburg''',{{efn|{{langx|de|Kanton Freiburg}} {{IPA|de-CH|ˈkantɔn ˈfraɪbʊrɡ||De-Freiburg.ogg}}; {{langx|gsw-CH|label=[[Swiss German]]|Kanton Frybùrg}}.}} is located in western [[Switzerland]]. The [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] is [[bilingual]], with French spoken by more than two thirds of the citizens and German by a little more than a quarter.<ref name=SJF14>{{cite web |url=http://www.fr.ch/sstat/files/pdf61/Ann-2014-internet8.pdf |format=PDF; 8,95&nbsp;[[Byte|MB]] |title=Annuaire statistique du canton de Fribourg – Statistisches Jahrbuch des Kantons Freiburg – 2014 |location=Fribourg, Switzerland |language=fr, de |publisher=Amt für Statistik des Staates Freiburg |access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of [[Fribourg]].


==History==
==History==
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==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Freiburger Voralpen - Dent de Brenleire (rechts vorne) Vanil Noir (hinten).jpg|thumb|left|Fribourg [[Swiss Prealps|Prealps]]: [[Dent de Brenleire]] (2358 m, to the right) and [[Vanil Noir]] (2389 m, in the background)]]
[[File:Freiburger Voralpen - Dent de Brenleire (rechts vorne) Vanil Noir (hinten).jpg|thumb|left|Fribourg [[Swiss Prealps|Prealps]]: [[Dent de Brenleire]] (2358 m, to the right) and [[Vanil Noir]] (2389 m, in the background)]]
The canton is bounded to the west by Lake Neuchâtel, to the west and the south by the canton of [[Vaud]], and to the east by the [[canton of Bern]]. The canton includes two [[enclave]]s within Vaud and one within the canton of Bern, as well as a large [[exclave]] on the lake. The area of the canton is {{convert|1669|km2|sqmi|1|sp=us}}, including the small enclaves.
The canton is bounded to the west by Lake Neuchâtel, to the west and the south by the canton of [[Vaud]], and to the east by the [[canton of Bern]]. The canton includes two [[enclave]]s within Vaud and one within the canton of Bern, as well as a large [[exclave]] on the lake; it also enclaves the Bernese municipality of [[Münchenwiler]]. The area of the canton is {{convert|1669|km2|sqmi|1|sp=us}}, including the small enclaves.


The canton lies on the elevated [[Swiss Plateau]]. In the west the lands are flat, but towards the south east of the canton, the lands rise to a hilly region. This region is commonly called ''pre-[[Swiss Alps|Alps]]'' but is part of the [[Bernese Alps]]. The highest elevation in the canton is the [[Vanil Noir]] with {{convert|2389|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.
The canton lies on the elevated [[Swiss Plateau]]. In the west the lands are flat, but towards the south east of the canton, the lands rise to a hilly region. This region is commonly called ''pre-[[Swiss Alps|Alps]]'' but is part of the [[Bernese Alps]]. The highest elevation in the canton is the [[Vanil Noir]] with {{convert|2389|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.


The river [[Saane/Sarine]] flows from the south to the north of the canton. Together with its tributaries it drains most of the lands in the canton, then joins the river [[Aare]]. The river [[Broye]] drains the west of the canton and flows northeast into [[Lake Morat]] (Murtensee). The southwest part of the canton is drained by the river [[Veveyse]], which flows south into [[Lake Geneva]] ({{lang-fr|Le Léman}}).
The river [[Saane/Sarine]] flows from the south to the north of the canton. Together with its tributaries it drains most of the lands in the canton, then joins the river [[Aare]]. The river [[Broye]] drains the west of the canton and flows northeast into [[Lake Morat]] (Murtensee). The southwest part of the canton is drained by the river [[Veveyse]], which flows south into [[Lake Geneva]] ({{langx|fr|Le Léman}}).


==Political subdivisions==
==Political subdivisions==


===Districts===
===Districts===
[[Image:Districts of Canton Freiburg.png|thumb|Districts of canton Fribourg]]
[[File:Districts of Canton Freiburg.png|thumb|Districts of canton Fribourg]]
The Canton is divided into seven districts:
The Canton is divided into seven districts:
*[[Broye (district)|Broye]] capital [[Estavayer-le-Lac]]
*[[Broye (district)|Broye]] capital [[Estavayer-le-Lac]]
*[[Glâne (district)|Glâne]] capital [[Romont, Fribourg|Romont]]
*[[Glâne (district)|Glâne]] capital [[Romont, Fribourg|Romont]]
*[[Gruyère (district)|Gruyère]] (German ''Greyerz'') capital [[Bulle]]
*[[Gruyère (district)|Gruyère]] ({{langx|de|Greyerz|links=no}}) capital [[Bulle]]
*[[Sarine (district)|Sarine]] (German ''Saane'') capital [[Fribourg]]
*[[Sarine (district)|Sarine]] ({{langx|de|Saane|links=no}}) capital [[Fribourg]]
*[[Lake District, Fribourg|Lake]] (French ''Lac'', German ''See'') capital [[Morat (Fribourg)|Morat]]
*[[Lake District, Fribourg|Lake]] ({{langx|fr|Lac|links=no}}, {{langx|de|See|links=no}}) capital [[Morat (Fribourg)|Morat]]
*[[Sense (district)|Sense]] (French ''Singine'') capital [[Tafers]]
*[[Sense (district)|Sense]] ({{langx|fr|Singine|links=no}}) capital [[Tafers]]
*[[Veveyse (district)|Veveyse]] (German ''Vivisbach'') capital [[Châtel-Saint-Denis]]
*[[Veveyse (district)|Veveyse]] ({{langx|de|Vivisbach|links=no}}) capital [[Châtel-Saint-Denis]]


===Municipalities===
===Municipalities===
There are [[Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg|165 municipalities]] in the canton of Fribourg {{As of|2012|alt=as of January 2012}}. The number is decreasing as the canton subsidizes mergers between municipalities.
There are [[municipalities of the canton of Fribourg|126 municipalities]] in the canton of Fribourg {{As of|2023|alt=as of January 2023}}. The number is decreasing as the canton subsidizes mergers between municipalities.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
In contrast to the mainly Protestant cantons of [[Vaud]] to its west and [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] to its east, the canton of Fribourg is a predominantly [[Roman Catholic]] enclave ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}, 70%) with a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] minority (15%).<ref>{{cite web | last = Federal Department of Statistics | title = Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion | year = 2004 | url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | format = Interactive Map | access-date = 15 January 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160924182116/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | archive-date = 24 September 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> This explains the canton's existence, even though it straddles the French-German linguistic border, for in the past, denominational considerations were more important than linguistic when drawing Switzerland's cantons.
In contrast to the mainly Protestant cantons of [[Vaud]] to its west and [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] to its east, the canton of Fribourg is a predominantly [[Catholic]] enclave ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}, 70%) with a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] minority (15%).<ref>{{cite web | last = Federal Department of Statistics | title = Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion | year = 2004 | url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | format = Interactive Map | access-date = 15 January 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160924182116/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | archive-date = 24 September 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> This explains why the canton straddles the French-German linguistic border, for in the past, denominational considerations were more important than linguistic when drawing Switzerland's cantonal borders.{{fact|date=September 2024}}


The main centres of population are the capital Fribourg (34,300 inhabitants) and [[Bulle]] (18,200 inhabitants).
The main centres of population are the capital Fribourg (34,300 inhabitants) and [[Bulle]] (18,200 inhabitants).{{fact|date=September 2024}}


Two thirds of the population speak French, the remainder speak [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]] dialects of German. The French-speaking areas are in the west of the canton, the Alemannic-speaking areas in the east. The number of bilingual towns, and consequently the large number of people who can speak both French and German fluently, has attracted businesses such as telesales companies. The population of the canton (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-FR}}) is {{Swiss populations|CH-FR|CH-FR}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-FR}} {{as of|2007}}, the population included 43,838 foreign-born residents, or about 16.65% of the total population.<ref>{{cite web | last = Federal Department of Statistics | title = Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Kantonen | year = 2008 | url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html | format = Microsoft Excel | access-date = 5 November 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081215033605/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html | archive-date = 15 December 2008 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
Two thirds of the population speak French; the remainder speak [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]] dialects of German. The French-speaking areas are in the west of the canton, the Alemannic-speaking areas in the east. The number of bilingual towns, and consequently the large number of people who can speak both French and German fluently, has attracted businesses such as telesales companies. The population of the canton (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-FR}}) is {{Swiss populations|CH-FR|CH-FR}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-FR}} {{as of|2007}}, the population included 43,838 foreign-born residents, or about 16.65% of the total population.<ref>{{cite web | last = Federal Department of Statistics | title = Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Kantonen | year = 2008 | url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html | format = Microsoft Excel | access-date = 5 November 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081215033605/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html | archive-date = 15 December 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref>


=== Historical population ===
=== Historical population ===
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|-
|-
!1870
!1870
| rowspan="1" |114 994
| rowspan="1" align="center"|114 994
| align="center" align="center"|113 219
| align="center" align="center"|113 219
| rowspan="1" |1 775
| rowspan="1" align="center"|1 775
| align="center"align="center"|4.1%
| align="center"align="center"|4.1%
|-
|-
Line 141: Line 151:
==Transport==
==Transport==
[[File:Tpf-bahnhof.jpg|thumb|[[Transports publics Fribourgeois]] [[bus station]] in Fribourg]]
[[File:Tpf-bahnhof.jpg|thumb|[[Transports publics Fribourgeois]] [[bus station]] in Fribourg]]
The canton of Fribourg is well connected to other areas of [[Switzerland]] with motorways [[A1 (Switzerland)|A1]], A12 and fast rail links. The main railway between [[Geneva]] and [[Lausanne]] in the south west to [[Bern]] and [[Zürich]] connects Fribourg with other centres of the country.
The canton of Fribourg is well connected to other areas of [[Switzerland]] with motorways [[A1 (Switzerland)|A1]], A12 and fast rail links. The main railway between [[Geneva]] and [[Lausanne]] in the south west to [[Bern]] and [[Zürich]] connects Fribourg with other centres of the country. Connections within the canton are mostly provided by the [[Transports publics Fribourgeois|Transports Publics Fribourgeois]], with numerous bus routes and trains connecting the main towns.


==Politics==
==Politics==
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style ="text-align: center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style ="text-align: center"
|-
|-
! colspan="16"| Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971-2019<ref>{{cite report |title=Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%) |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |date=2015 |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html |access-date=5 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html |archive-date=2 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! colspan="16"| Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971–2019<ref>{{cite report |title=Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%) |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |date=2015 |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html |access-date=5 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html |archive-date=2 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Party !! class="unsortable" | Ideology !! 1971 !! 1975 !! 1979 !! 1983 !! 1987 !! 1991 !! 1995 !! 1999 !! 2003 !! 2007 !! 2011 !! 2015 !! 2019
! colspan="2" | Party !! class="unsortable" | Ideology !! 1971 !! 1975 !! 1979 !! 1983 !! 1987 !! 1991 !! 1995 !! 1999 !! 2003 !! 2007 !! 2011 !! 2015 !! 2019
|-
|-
! [[FDP.The Liberals]]{{ref|a|a}}
! [[FDP.The Liberals]]{{ref|a|a}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|FDP.The Liberals}}"| || [[Classical liberalism]] || 24.7 || 22.1 || 23.0 || 20.0 || 16.7 || 16.1 || 15.9 || 14.8 || 12.8 || 13.8 || 12.8 || 14.2 || 14.4
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|FDP.The Liberals}}"| || [[Classical liberalism]] || 24.7 || 22.1 || 23.0 || 20.0 || 16.7 || 16.1 || 15.9 || 14.8 || 12.8 || 13.8 || 12.8 || 14.2 || 14.4
|-
|-
! [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD]]
! [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian democracy]] || 41.5 || 46.9 || 39.9 || 38.0 || 37.7 || 36.8 || 36.0 || 33.7 || 25.4 || 24.8 || 20.3 || 22.7 || 14.4
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian democracy]] || 41.5 || 46.9 || 39.9 || 38.0 || 37.7 || 36.8 || 36.0 || 33.7 || 25.4 || 24.8 || 20.3 || 22.7 || 14.4
|-
|-
! [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP/PS]]
! [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP/PS]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Social democracy]] || 19.9 || 25.7 || 30.7 || 24.0 || 22.2 || 18.6 || 17.3 || 20.3 || 21.5 || 22.7 || 26.7 || 24.2 || 17.4
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Social democracy]] || 19.9 || 25.7 || 30.7 || 24.0 || 22.2 || 18.6 || 17.3 || 20.3 || 21.5 || 22.7 || 26.7 || 24.2 || 17.4
|-
|-
! [[Swiss People's Party|SVP/UDC]]
! [[Swiss People's Party|SVP/UDC]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Swiss People's Party}}"| || [[Swiss nationalism]] || 8.7 || 4.3 || 6.4 || 8.8 || 8.9 || 9.7 || 8.3 || 11.4 || 21.4 || 22.0 || 21.4 || 25.9 || 19.2
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Swiss People's Party}}"| || [[Swiss nationalism]] || 8.7 || 4.3 || 6.4 || 8.8 || 8.9 || 9.7 || 8.3 || 11.4 || 21.4 || 22.0 || 21.4 || 25.9 || 19.2
|-
|-
! [[Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland|EVP/PEV]]
! [[Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland|EVP/PEV]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian democracy]] || *{{ref|b|b}} || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 0.7 || 0.8 || 0.7 || 0.7 || 0.7
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian democracy]] || *{{ref|b|b}} || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 0.7 || 0.8 || 0.7 || 0.7 || 0.7
|-
|-
! [[Christian Social Party (Switzerland)|CSP/PCS]]
! [[Christian Social Party (Switzerland)|CSP/PCS]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Social Party (Switzerland)}}"| || [[Christian socialism]] || 5.3 || * || * || 7.5 || 6.9 || 7.7 || 8.7 || 10.9 || 10.4 || 7.1 || 5.5 || 1.8 || 3.3
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Social Party (Switzerland)}}"| || [[Christian socialism]] || 5.3 || * || * || 7.5 || 6.9 || 7.7 || 8.7 || 10.9 || 10.4 || 7.1 || 5.5 || 1.8 || 3.3
|-
|-
! [[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|GLP/PVL]]
! [[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|GLP/PVL]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Green Liberal Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Green liberalism]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 3.5 || 3.2 || 3.8
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Green Liberal Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Green liberalism]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 3.5 || 3.2 || 3.8
|-
|-
! [[Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland|BDP/PBD]]
! [[Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland|BDP/PBD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Conservatism]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 1.9 || 1.3 || 0.7
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Conservatism]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 1.9 || 1.3 || 0.7
|-
|-
! [[Swiss Party of Labour|PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL]]
! [[Swiss Party of Labour|PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Swiss Party of Labour}}"| || [[Socialism]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || 0.9 || * || * || * || * || * || *
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Swiss Party of Labour}}"| || [[Socialism]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || 0.9 || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
|-
! [[Green Party of Switzerland|GPS/PES]]
! [[Green Party of Switzerland|GPS/PES]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Green politics]] || * || * || * || * || 4.2 || {{ref|c|c}} || 2.3 || * || 4.0 || 6.3 || 5.0 || 5.3 || 12.5
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Green politics]] || * || * || * || * || 4.2 || {{ref|c|c}} || 2.3 || * || 4.0 || 6.3 || 5.0 || 5.3 || 12.5
|-
|-
! FGA
! FGA
Line 185: Line 195:
|-
|-
! [[Swiss Democrats|SD/DS]]
! [[Swiss Democrats|SD/DS]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Swiss Democrats}}"| || [[National conservatism]] || * || * || * || * || * || 1.4 || 0.9 || 0.3 || * || * || * || * || *
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Swiss Democrats}}"| || [[National conservatism]] || * || * || * || * || * || 1.4 || 0.9 || 0.3 || * || * || * || * || *
|-
|-
! [[Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland|EDU/UDF]]
! [[Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland|EDU/UDF]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian right]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 0.7 || 0.9 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 0.7
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian right]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 0.7 || 0.9 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 0.7
|-
|-
! Other
! Other
Line 203: Line 213:
* [[List of castles and fortresses in Switzerland]]
* [[List of castles and fortresses in Switzerland]]
* [[Franco-Provençal language]]
* [[Franco-Provençal language]]
* [[Fribourg State Archives (Switzerland)|Fribourg State Archives]]


== Notes and references ==
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Fribourg (canton) | volume= 11 |last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= W. A. B. Coolidge| pages = 212&ndash;213 |short= 1}}
* [http://www.fr.ch Official site] {{in lang|fr|de}}
* [http://www.fr.ch Official site] {{in lang|fr|de}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121116160839/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/fr/key.html Official statistics]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121116160839/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/fr/key.html Official statistics]


{{Cantons of Switzerland}}
{{Cantons of Switzerland}}
{{Switzerland topics}}
{{Portal bar|Switzerland}}
{{Portal bar|Switzerland}}


Latest revision as of 02:35, 25 November 2024

Canton of Fribourg
Canton de Fribourg (French)
Kanton Freiburg (German)
Canton of Freiburg
Canton
Flag of Canton of Fribourg
Flag
Coat of arms of Canton of Fribourg
Coat of arms
Official logo of Canton of Fribourg
Brandmark
Map
Location in Switzerland
Map of Fribourg

Coordinates: 46°43′N 7°5′E / 46.717°N 7.083°E / 46.717; 7.083
CapitalFribourg/Freiburg
Subdivisions168 municipalities, 7 districts
Government
 • ExecutiveConseil d'Etat/Staatsrat (7)
 • LegislativeGrand Council of Fribourg (130)
Area
[1]
 • Total
1,671.42 km2 (645.34 sq mi)
Population
 (December 2020)[2]
 • Total
325,496
 • Density190/km2 (500/sq mi)
GDP
[3]
 • TotalCHF 19.180 billion (2020)
 • Per capitaCHF 59,263 (2020)
ISO 3166 codeCH-FR
Highest point2,389 m (7,838 ft): Vanil Noir
Lowest point429 m (1,407 ft): shore Lake Neuchâtel
Joined1481
LanguagesFrench, German
Websitewww.fr.ch

The canton of Fribourg,[a] also canton of Freiburg,[b] is located in western Switzerland. The canton is bilingual, with French spoken by more than two thirds of the citizens and German by a little more than a quarter.[4] Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg.

History

[edit]

On the shores of Lake Neuchâtel and Lake Morat significant traces of prehistoric settlements have been unearthed.

The canton of Fribourg joined the Swiss Confederation in 1481. The area is made up of lands acquired by the capital Fribourg. The present extent was reached in 1803 when Murten (Morat) was acquired. The canton of Fribourg joined the separatist league of Catholic cantons in 1846 (Sonderbund). The following year, its troops surrendered to the federal army.

Geography

[edit]
Fribourg Prealps: Dent de Brenleire (2358 m, to the right) and Vanil Noir (2389 m, in the background)

The canton is bounded to the west by Lake Neuchâtel, to the west and the south by the canton of Vaud, and to the east by the canton of Bern. The canton includes two enclaves within Vaud and one within the canton of Bern, as well as a large exclave on the lake; it also enclaves the Bernese municipality of Münchenwiler. The area of the canton is 1,669 square kilometers (644.4 sq mi), including the small enclaves.

The canton lies on the elevated Swiss Plateau. In the west the lands are flat, but towards the south east of the canton, the lands rise to a hilly region. This region is commonly called pre-Alps but is part of the Bernese Alps. The highest elevation in the canton is the Vanil Noir with 2,389 m (7,838 ft).

The river Saane/Sarine flows from the south to the north of the canton. Together with its tributaries it drains most of the lands in the canton, then joins the river Aare. The river Broye drains the west of the canton and flows northeast into Lake Morat (Murtensee). The southwest part of the canton is drained by the river Veveyse, which flows south into Lake Geneva (French: Le Léman).

Political subdivisions

[edit]

Districts

[edit]
Districts of canton Fribourg

The Canton is divided into seven districts:

Municipalities

[edit]

There are 126 municipalities in the canton of Fribourg as of January 2023. The number is decreasing as the canton subsidizes mergers between municipalities.

Demographics

[edit]

In contrast to the mainly Protestant cantons of Vaud to its west and Bern to its east, the canton of Fribourg is a predominantly Catholic enclave (as of 2000, 70%) with a Protestant minority (15%).[5] This explains why the canton straddles the French-German linguistic border, for in the past, denominational considerations were more important than linguistic when drawing Switzerland's cantonal borders.[citation needed]

The main centres of population are the capital Fribourg (34,300 inhabitants) and Bulle (18,200 inhabitants).[citation needed]

Two thirds of the population speak French; the remainder speak Alemannic dialects of German. The French-speaking areas are in the west of the canton, the Alemannic-speaking areas in the east. The number of bilingual towns, and consequently the large number of people who can speak both French and German fluently, has attracted businesses such as telesales companies. The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 325,496.[2] As of 2007, the population included 43,838 foreign-born residents, or about 16.65% of the total population.[6]

Historical population

[edit]

The historical population is given in the following table:

Historic Population Data[7]
Year Total Population Swiss Non-Swiss Population share
of total country
1850 99 891 98 556 1 335 4.2%
1870 114 994 113 219 1 775 4.1%
1900 127,951 123,579 4,372 3.9%
1950 158,695 154,527 4,168 3.4%
1970 180,309 163,503 16,806 2.9%
2000 241,706 206,182 35,524 3.3%
2020 325,496 3.8%

Economics

[edit]

Agriculture is important in the canton of Fribourg. The main agricultural activities are cattle breeding and dairy farming. The region is a major cheese producer, especially the district of Gruyère, home of the cheese of the same name. The chocolate industry is also well established in Broc, home to an international chocolate research centre.[8] Other agricultural produces include tobacco, fruit and cereals. Agriculture is predominant in the north of the canton where the most fertile lands lie.

There is light industry concentrated around the capital Fribourg. Other centres of light industry are Bulle, Villars-sur-Glâne, Düdingen (Guin), Murten (Morat) and Estavayer-le-Lac. These five centers have also a large number of established small and medium-sized businesses, many of which are in the service sector. Forests are important in the La Gruyère (Greyerz) district.

Power plants in the district of Sarine export electricity. The mountain areas attract tourists all year round. The lake regions are frequented by tourists in summer and autumn.

Transport

[edit]
Transports publics Fribourgeois bus station in Fribourg

The canton of Fribourg is well connected to other areas of Switzerland with motorways A1, A12 and fast rail links. The main railway between Geneva and Lausanne in the south west to Bern and Zürich connects Fribourg with other centres of the country. Connections within the canton are mostly provided by the Transports Publics Fribourgeois, with numerous bus routes and trains connecting the main towns.

Politics

[edit]

Federal election results

[edit]
Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971–2019[9]
Party Ideology 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019
FDP.The Liberalsa Classical liberalism 24.7 22.1 23.0 20.0 16.7 16.1 15.9 14.8 12.8 13.8 12.8 14.2 14.4
CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD Christian democracy 41.5 46.9 39.9 38.0 37.7 36.8 36.0 33.7 25.4 24.8 20.3 22.7 14.4
SP/PS Social democracy 19.9 25.7 30.7 24.0 22.2 18.6 17.3 20.3 21.5 22.7 26.7 24.2 17.4
SVP/UDC Swiss nationalism 8.7 4.3 6.4 8.8 8.9 9.7 8.3 11.4 21.4 22.0 21.4 25.9 19.2
EVP/PEV Christian democracy *b * * * * * * * 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
CSP/PCS Christian socialism 5.3 * * 7.5 6.9 7.7 8.7 10.9 10.4 7.1 5.5 1.8 3.3
GLP/PVL Green liberalism * * * * * * * * * * 3.5 3.2 3.8
BDP/PBD Conservatism * * * * * * * * * * 1.9 1.3 0.7
PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL Socialism * * * * * * 0.9 * * * * * *
GPS/PES Green politics * * * * 4.2 c 2.3 * 4.0 6.3 5.0 5.3 12.5
FGA Feminist * * * * 1.7 c * * * * * * *
SD/DS National conservatism * * * * * 1.4 0.9 0.3 * * * * *
EDU/UDF Christian right * * * * * * * * 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7
Other * 1.0 * 1.7 1.9 9.6 9.7 8.6 3.1 1.6 1.5 * 12.9
Voter participation % 53.5 47.7 48.6 52.9 46.3 45.0 39.5 41.2 45.4 48.0 47.2 47.2 43.0
^a FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009
^b "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.
^c Included under "Other" in this election.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ French: Canton de Fribourg [kɑ̃tɔ̃ d(ə) fʁibuʁ]; Arpitan: Quenton de Fribôrg [cɛ̃ˈtɔ̃ də fʁiˈbwa] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Friburg; Italian: Canton Friburgo.
  2. ^ German: Kanton Freiburg [ˈkantɔn ˈfraɪbʊrɡ] ⓘ; Swiss German: Kanton Frybùrg.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen accessed 27 October 2017
  2. ^ a b "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  3. ^ Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 January 2021). "Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle". Bundesamt für Statistik (in German). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  4. ^ "Annuaire statistique du canton de Fribourg – Statistisches Jahrbuch des Kantons Freiburg – 2014" (PDF; 8,95 MB) (in French and German). Fribourg, Switzerland: Amt für Statistik des Staates Freiburg. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
  5. ^ Federal Department of Statistics (2004). "Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion". Archived from the original (Interactive Map) on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
  6. ^ Federal Department of Statistics (2008). "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Kantonen". Archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on 15 December 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
  7. ^ "Freiburg (Kanton)". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German). Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  8. ^ "Nestle to launch personalized luxury chocolates". reuters.com. Reuters. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  9. ^ Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%) (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
[edit]
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