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Coordinates: 35°48′08″N 51°23′36″E / 35.80222°N 51.39333°E / 35.80222; 51.39333
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{{Short description|Public university in Iran}}
[[Image:SBU.jpg|thumb|right|Shahid Beheshti University is situated in pleasant urban settings in northern [[Tehran]]. Seen here in the image is the College of [[Mathematics]].]]
{{Refimprove|date=September 2024}}
{{Distinguish|Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}}
{{Infobox university|
| name = Shahid Behesti University (National University of Iran)
| former_name = Melli University
| native_name = {{lang|fa|(دانشگاه ملی سابق) دانشگاه شهید بهشتی}}
| native_name_lang = fa


| image = Sbu-logo.svg
'''Shahid Beheshti University''' (formerly '''The National University of Iran'''), is a located in north of [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].
| caption = Seal of Shahid Beheshti University
| motto = {{lang|fa|زندگی یعنی امید و حرکت}}
| mottoeng = Life means hope and movement
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|1959}}
| endowment = [[United States dollar|US$]] 0.5 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]]<br>(2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13930918001247|title=Financial information}}</ref>
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]
| city = [[Tehran]]
| province = [[Tehran province]]
| country = [[Iran]]
| coor = {{coord|35|48|08|N|51|23|36|E|region:IR-07_type:edu_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| chancellor = Mahmoud-Reza Aghamiri
| faculty = 1,000 (Full-time) (2022)
| campus = Urban
| campus_size = {{Convert|176|acre}}
| enrollment = 20,121 (2022)
| undergrad = 10,621 (2022)
| postgrad = 9,500 (2022)
| language = [[Persian language|Persian]], [[English language|English]]
| colors = {{Color box|#fff}} {{Color box|#000}} White and Black
| Athletics =
| website = {{URL|http://en.sbu.ac.ir}}
}}


'''Shahid Beheshti University''' ('''SBU''') ({{langx|fa|دانشگاه شهید بهشتی |Dāneshgāh-e Shahid Beheshti}}), originally founded as the Melli University (National University of Iran) ({{langx|fa|دانشگاه ملی|Dāneshgāh-e Melli}}), is a [[Public university|public]] [[research university]] in Tehran, Iran. The university offers programs at Bachelor's, Master's and Ph.D. levels.
As of 2006, the university offers 57 Masters degrees and 29 PhD degrees. Its main campus is located in Evin, a serene suburb of northern [[Tehran]].
Shahid Beheshti University was primarily a private university until 1979, a year after the Islamic Revolution. Since then it has become a state funded university. The university was called ''The National University of Iran'' until 1983. It was subsequently renamed as Shahid Beheshti University.


==History==
Shahid Beheshti University is currently headed by Prof. Latifi, former head of Laser Research Institute .
Shahid Behesti University was founded in 1959 by [[Ali Sheikholislam]]. The university was planned to be devoted to graduate studies. At its opening, it consisted of two schools: Architecture and Urban Planning, and Banking and Economics, with 174 students. Soon the School of Literature and Foreign Languages began in downtown Tehran. The first [[graduate education|graduate]] academic degree program was the Master's course in the School of Architecture, launched in 1961. In 1962, a new main campus was built in Evin, a suburb in the north of Tehran. By 1978 other faculties became active i.e.the faculties of Literature and Human Sciences, Basic Sciences, Law, Earth Sciences, Statistics and Informatics and Education and Psychology. In an academic reform in 1986, the medical schools were separated from the main universities and became [[Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences]] working under the purview of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The first PhD course was offered in the School of Economics in 1991.


Shahid Beheshti University has been [[Sanctions against Iran|sanctioned]] by governments in the EU, US, Australia, Canada, and Switzerland for their links to [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iran's nuclear program]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20190222093534908 | title=US adds two Iranian universities to sanctions list | date= 22 February 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816224211/https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20190222093534908 | archive-date=2020-08-16 }}</ref> This restricts business and financial transactions with the university, in some cases including its students.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iranwatch.org/iranian-entities/shahid-beheshti-university | title=Iran Watch - Shahid Beheshti University | date= 12 May 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602010250/https://www.iranwatch.org/iranian-entities/shahid-beheshti-university | archive-date=2023-06-02 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/international-relations/factsheet-general-guide-universities | title=DFAT Factsheet: General Guide for Universities}}</ref>
==Colleges==


==Campuses==
At Present SBU has 12 [[faculty (university)|faculties]]:


* Main campus: Located in [[Evin]] District, it extends into [[Velenjak]] District in northwestern [[Tehran]], on approximately one million square meters.
# Architecture and Urban Planning
* Abbaspour College of Engineering and Technology (ex-[[Power and Water University of Technology]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pwut.ac.ir/EN/About/Pages/MessageMGR.aspx |title=President of University |access-date=2013-09-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922190207/http://www.pwut.ac.ir/EN/About/Pages/MessageMGR.aspx |archive-date=2013-09-22 }}</ref> is in Tehranpars, Tehran
# Business
# Earth Sciences
# Economics and political Sciences
# Education and Psychology
# Electrical and Computer Engineering
# Islamic Teachings Department
# Law
# Literature and Human Sciences
# Mathematical Sciences
# Physical Education and Sport Sciences
# Sciences
# Laser


==History==
==Faculties==
[[File:SBU Riazi.jpg|thumb|Department of Mathematical Sciences]]
[[File:Sbu-physics.jpg|thumb|Faculty of Physics]]
[[File:School of Biological Sciences.jpg|thumb|School of Biological Sciences]]
* Faculty of Electrical Engineering: Department of Telecommunication, Department of Electronics, Department of Systems and Control, Department of Power
* Faculty of Computer Engineering and Science: Department of Software Engineering & Information, Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Department of Computer Architecture and Networks
* Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy
* Faculty of Architecture & Urban Engineering: Department of Architecture: Department of Landscape Architecture, Department of Construction, Department of Design, Department of Reconstruction, Department of Urban Planning
* Faculty of Business & Management: Department of Public Management, Department of Business Management, Department of Commercial Management, Department of Financial Management, Department of Industrial Management, Department of Entrepreneurial Management, Institute for Research
* Faculty of Biological Sciences: Department of Biology, Department of Genetics, Department of Marine Biology, Department of Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Department of Zoology
* Faculty of Economics & Political Sciences: Department of Economics, Department of Political Sciences
* Faculty of Energy Sciences & Modern Technologies: Department of Aeronautics, Department of Biotechnology, Department of Energy, Department of Nanotechnology, Department of Cellulose and Paper sciences
* Faculty of Earth Sciences: Department of Geology, Department of Geography, Department of Geophysics
* Faculty of Law: Department of Criminology & Criminal Law, Department of Intellectual Property, Department of International Trade Law, Department of Economic Law, Department of Environmental Law, Department of Human Rights, Department of International Law, Department of Private Law, Department of Public Law
* Faculty of Literature & Human Sciences: Department of Linguistics and Literature, Department of Philosophy, Department of History, Department of Archaeology, Department of Sociology, Institute of Iranology
* Faculty of Mathematical Sciences: Department of Mathematics, Department of Statistics, Department of Computer Sciences
* Faculty of Nuclear Engineering: Department of Applied Radiation, Department of Fuel-Recycling, Department of Radiology (Medical Radiation)
* Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences
* Faculty of Psychology and Education: Department of Psychology, Department of Behavioral Studies & Advising, Department of Educational Sciences
* Faculty of Sciences: Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics
* Faculty of Civil & Water & Environmental Engineering: Department of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Department of transportation planning

==Research centers==
* Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences (ICBS)
* Automated Software Engineering Research Group
* Center for Environmental Research
* Center for Cyberspace Research
** Secure Communication and Cryptography
**Content transfer technology
* Center for Family Research
* Center for Medicinal Plant and Drug Research Institute
** Phytochemistry
* Laser and Plasma Research Institute
** Fiber optics
** Gas Discharge Laboratory headed by Dr. Hamid Ghomi
** LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy)
** Magneto-optics
** Non-destructive Testing
** Polymers and Organic Materials Photonics headed by Dr. Mohajerani
* Center for Pharmaceutical Research
*Iranian Research Center for the Silk Road (IRCSR)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Establishment of the Iranian Research Center on the Silk Road at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran {{!}} Silk Roads Programme|url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/establishment-iranian-research-center-silk-road-shahid-beheshti-university-tehran|access-date=2021-01-13|website=en.unesco.org}}</ref>
*[https://pltc.sbu.ac.ir/en International Persian Language teaching Center]
*Institute for Science and Technology Studies

==Notable people==
===Alumni===
{{See also|Category:Shahid Beheshti University alumni}}

====Politics====
* [[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]] (BA, MA), [[Prime Minister of Iran]] (1981-1989)
* [[Masoumeh Ebtekar]] (BSc), [[Vice Presidency for Women and Family Affairs|Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs]] (2017-), [[Vice President of Iran]]–Head of [[Department of Environment]] (1997-2005, 2013–2017), Member of the [[Islamic City Council of Tehran]] (2007-2013)
* Farhad Dejpasand (BA, MA), [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)|Minister of Finance]] (2018-)
* [[Mohsen Sazegara]] (MA), former government official, political activist
* [[Abdolali Bazargan]] (MA), liberal politician, writer and intellectual

====Academics====
* [[Mohammad Mehdi Tehranchi]] (BSc, MSc), president of the [[Islamic Azad University]] (2018-), chancellor of the Shahid Behesti University (2012-2017), professor in the Faculty of Physics at Shahid Behesti University (1998-)
* Mahmudreza Aghamiri (BSc), president of the [[Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch|Islamic Azad University–Central Tehran Branch]] (2018-), professor in the Faculty of Nuclear Engineering at Shahid Behesti University
* [[Mohsen Fakhrizadeh]] (BSc) professor of physics, brigadier general in the [[Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps]], head of Iranian nuclear weapons program.

====Art====
* [[Leila Araghian]] (BA), architect

===Faculty===
{{See also|Category:Academic staff of Shahid Beheshti University}}

====Engineering====
* [[Fereydoon Abbasi]] (Nuclear Engineering), Member of the 11th [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Parliament of Iran]], head of the [[Atomic Energy Organization of Iran]] (2011–2013)
* [[Assassination of Majid Shahriari|Majid Shahriari]] (Nuclear Engineering), nuclear scientist, Iran's envoy in [[International Centre for Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science Applications in the Middle East|SESAME]]

====Humanities====
* [[Parviz Davoodi]] (Economy), [[First Vice President of Iran]] (2005–2009), head of the [[Iran's National Elites Foundation]] (2006–2007)
* [[Iraj Etesam]] (Architecture) is an Iranian contemporary [[architect]], educator, and author, taught from 1960 to 1964.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=ایرج اعتصامی |trans-title=Iraj Etesam |url=http://ammi.ir/اعضای-انجمن/ایرج-اعتصام/ |accessdate=10 April 2021 |website=Ammi.ir |publisher=Iran's Architecture Pridewortgies Foundation}}</ref>
* [[Nasrollah Hekmat]] (Philosophy), philosopher
* [[Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad]] (Law), member of the [[Academy of Sciences of Iran]]
* [[Ahmad Khatami (professor)|Ahmad Khatami]] (Persian Language and Literature)
* [[Saeed Laylaz]] (Economy), economist and journalist

==World rankings==
{{Infobox university rankings
| name = Shahid Behesti University
| CWTS_W = 549 | CWTS_W_year = 2022 | CWTS_W_ref = <ref>{{citation|title=CWTS Leiden Ranking 2020|url=https://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2020/list|publisher=Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref>
| THE_W = 601–800 | THE_W_year = 2021 | THE_W_ref = <ref>{{citation|title=World University Rankings 2021|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2021/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats|publisher=THE Education Ltd|access-date=2 September 2020}}</ref>
| USNWR_W = 999 | USNWR_W_year = 2021 | USNWR_W_ref = <ref>{{citation|title=Best Global Universities in Iran|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/iran|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref>
}}

[[Times Higher Education]]<ref name="Shahid Beheshti University">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/shahid-beheshti-university|title=Shahid Beheshti University|date=2019-09-09|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref>

'''2018-2020''': 801-1000

'''2017:''' 800

'''2016:''' 601-800

Asia University Rankings<ref name="Shahid Beheshti University"/>

'''2019:''' 201–250


[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings/Shahid-Beheshti-University.html|title=Shahid Beheshti University {{!}} Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2019 {{!}} Shanghai Ranking - 2019|website=www.shanghairanking.com|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref>
It was founded in [[January]], [[1960]] by [[Dr. Ali Sheikholislam]] as the first private and land-grant university in [[Iran]]. The school then only had 174 students in two schools of ''Architecture and Urban Planning'' and ''Banking and Economics''.
The School of Medical Sciences was part of the University until 1986 when the Ministry of Health, Medicine and Medical Education was established and took over the responsibility of running all medical schools in [[Iran]]. Hence the medical school separated into [[Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences]].


'''2019:''' 901-1000
==Notable faculty and alumni==


*Based on the ranking system (Kakarry Simonds, QS), Shahid Behesti University was in the fifth grade for 2017 and 2018 after the Sharif universities, science and industry, Amirkabir and Tehran, respectively at the 701 + And 1000-800.<ref>{{cite web|title=top universities|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings}}</ref>
*[[Parviz Dawoodi]], Iran's first Vice President, is a professor here
* Category B++
*[[Masoumeh Ebtekar]], The first female vice president in Iranian history.
* Article 64.80
*[[Nasrollah Jahangard]]
* Citation 63.34
* Total documents 30.59
* JIT 54.25
* JCIT 45.11
* Collaboration 45.32
* Total 303.42<ref>{{cite web|title=University Ranking by Academic Performance|url=http://www.urapcenter.org/2011/university.php?q=Shahid+Beheshti+University|work=None|access-date=14 September 2012}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences]]
* [[Tehran University]]
* [[Allameh Tabataba'i University]]
* [[Tarbiat Modares University]]


== References ==
*[[Higher Education in Iran]]
<references />
*[[Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences]]


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Shahid Beheshti University}}
* [http://www.sbu.ac.ir Official website]
* [http://en.sbu.ac.ir/ Official Website]
{{Tehran Colleges}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:Universities in Iran]]
[[Category:Shahid Beheshti University| ]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1960]]
{{MEast-university-stub}}
[[Category:1960 establishments in Iran]]
{{iran-stub}}

Latest revision as of 03:33, 25 November 2024

Shahid Behesti University (National University of Iran)
(دانشگاه ملی سابق) دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
Seal of Shahid Beheshti University
Former name
Melli University
Mottoزندگی یعنی امید و حرکت
Motto in English
Life means hope and movement
TypePublic research university
Established1959; 65 years ago (1959)
EndowmentUS$ 0.5 billion
(2022)[1]
ChancellorMahmoud-Reza Aghamiri
Academic staff
1,000 (Full-time) (2022)
Students20,121 (2022)
Undergraduates10,621 (2022)
Postgraduates9,500 (2022)
Location, ,
35°48′08″N 51°23′36″E / 35.80222°N 51.39333°E / 35.80222; 51.39333
CampusUrban, 176 acres (71 ha)
LanguagePersian, English
Colors    White and Black
Websiteen.sbu.ac.ir

Shahid Beheshti University (SBU) (Persian: دانشگاه شهید بهشتی, romanizedDāneshgāh-e Shahid Beheshti), originally founded as the Melli University (National University of Iran) (Persian: دانشگاه ملی, romanizedDāneshgāh-e Melli), is a public research university in Tehran, Iran. The university offers programs at Bachelor's, Master's and Ph.D. levels.

History

[edit]

Shahid Behesti University was founded in 1959 by Ali Sheikholislam. The university was planned to be devoted to graduate studies. At its opening, it consisted of two schools: Architecture and Urban Planning, and Banking and Economics, with 174 students. Soon the School of Literature and Foreign Languages began in downtown Tehran. The first graduate academic degree program was the Master's course in the School of Architecture, launched in 1961. In 1962, a new main campus was built in Evin, a suburb in the north of Tehran. By 1978 other faculties became active i.e.the faculties of Literature and Human Sciences, Basic Sciences, Law, Earth Sciences, Statistics and Informatics and Education and Psychology. In an academic reform in 1986, the medical schools were separated from the main universities and became Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences working under the purview of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The first PhD course was offered in the School of Economics in 1991.

Shahid Beheshti University has been sanctioned by governments in the EU, US, Australia, Canada, and Switzerland for their links to Iran's nuclear program.[2] This restricts business and financial transactions with the university, in some cases including its students.[3][4]

Campuses

[edit]

Faculties

[edit]
Department of Mathematical Sciences
Faculty of Physics
School of Biological Sciences
  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering: Department of Telecommunication, Department of Electronics, Department of Systems and Control, Department of Power
  • Faculty of Computer Engineering and Science: Department of Software Engineering & Information, Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Department of Computer Architecture and Networks
  • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy
  • Faculty of Architecture & Urban Engineering: Department of Architecture: Department of Landscape Architecture, Department of Construction, Department of Design, Department of Reconstruction, Department of Urban Planning
  • Faculty of Business & Management: Department of Public Management, Department of Business Management, Department of Commercial Management, Department of Financial Management, Department of Industrial Management, Department of Entrepreneurial Management, Institute for Research
  • Faculty of Biological Sciences: Department of Biology, Department of Genetics, Department of Marine Biology, Department of Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Department of Zoology
  • Faculty of Economics & Political Sciences: Department of Economics, Department of Political Sciences
  • Faculty of Energy Sciences & Modern Technologies: Department of Aeronautics, Department of Biotechnology, Department of Energy, Department of Nanotechnology, Department of Cellulose and Paper sciences
  • Faculty of Earth Sciences: Department of Geology, Department of Geography, Department of Geophysics
  • Faculty of Law: Department of Criminology & Criminal Law, Department of Intellectual Property, Department of International Trade Law, Department of Economic Law, Department of Environmental Law, Department of Human Rights, Department of International Law, Department of Private Law, Department of Public Law
  • Faculty of Literature & Human Sciences: Department of Linguistics and Literature, Department of Philosophy, Department of History, Department of Archaeology, Department of Sociology, Institute of Iranology
  • Faculty of Mathematical Sciences: Department of Mathematics, Department of Statistics, Department of Computer Sciences
  • Faculty of Nuclear Engineering: Department of Applied Radiation, Department of Fuel-Recycling, Department of Radiology (Medical Radiation)
  • Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences
  • Faculty of Psychology and Education: Department of Psychology, Department of Behavioral Studies & Advising, Department of Educational Sciences
  • Faculty of Sciences: Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics
  • Faculty of Civil & Water & Environmental Engineering: Department of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Department of transportation planning

Research centers

[edit]
  • Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences (ICBS)
  • Automated Software Engineering Research Group
  • Center for Environmental Research
  • Center for Cyberspace Research
    • Secure Communication and Cryptography
    • Content transfer technology
  • Center for Family Research
  • Center for Medicinal Plant and Drug Research Institute
    • Phytochemistry
  • Laser and Plasma Research Institute
    • Fiber optics
    • Gas Discharge Laboratory headed by Dr. Hamid Ghomi
    • LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy)
    • Magneto-optics
    • Non-destructive Testing
    • Polymers and Organic Materials Photonics headed by Dr. Mohajerani
  • Center for Pharmaceutical Research
  • Iranian Research Center for the Silk Road (IRCSR)[6]
  • International Persian Language teaching Center
  • Institute for Science and Technology Studies

Notable people

[edit]

Alumni

[edit]

Politics

[edit]

Academics

[edit]

Art

[edit]

Faculty

[edit]

Engineering

[edit]

Humanities

[edit]

World rankings

[edit]
University rankings
Shahid Behesti University
Global – Overall
CWTS World[8]549 (2022)
THE World[9]601–800 (2021)
USNWR Global[10]999 (2021)

Times Higher Education[11]

2018-2020: 801-1000

2017: 800

2016: 601-800

Asia University Rankings[11]

2019: 201–250

Academic Ranking of World Universities[12]

2019: 901-1000

  • Based on the ranking system (Kakarry Simonds, QS), Shahid Behesti University was in the fifth grade for 2017 and 2018 after the Sharif universities, science and industry, Amirkabir and Tehran, respectively at the 701 + And 1000-800.[13]
  • Category B++
  • Article 64.80
  • Citation 63.34
  • Total documents 30.59
  • JIT 54.25
  • JCIT 45.11
  • Collaboration 45.32
  • Total 303.42[14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Financial information".
  2. ^ "US adds two Iranian universities to sanctions list". 22 February 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-08-16.
  3. ^ "Iran Watch - Shahid Beheshti University". 12 May 2009. Archived from the original on 2023-06-02.
  4. ^ "DFAT Factsheet: General Guide for Universities".
  5. ^ "President of University". Archived from the original on 2013-09-22. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
  6. ^ "Establishment of the Iranian Research Center on the Silk Road at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran | Silk Roads Programme". en.unesco.org. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  7. ^ "ایرج اعتصامی" [Iraj Etesam]. Ammi.ir. Iran's Architecture Pridewortgies Foundation. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  8. ^ CWTS Leiden Ranking 2020, Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, retrieved 24 September 2020
  9. ^ World University Rankings 2021, THE Education Ltd, retrieved 2 September 2020
  10. ^ Best Global Universities in Iran, U.S. News & World Report, retrieved 24 September 2020
  11. ^ a b "Shahid Beheshti University". Times Higher Education (THE). 2019-09-09. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  12. ^ "Shahid Beheshti University | Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2019 | Shanghai Ranking - 2019". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  13. ^ "top universities".
  14. ^ "University Ranking by Academic Performance". None. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
[edit]