Wannsee: Difference between revisions
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{{hatnote|For the railway station, see [[Berlin-Wannsee railway station|Berlin Wannsee]]. For the lakes, see [[Großer Wannsee]] and [[Kleiner Wannsee]].}} |
{{hatnote|For the railway station, see [[Berlin-Wannsee railway station|Berlin Wannsee]]. For the lakes, see [[Großer Wannsee]] and [[Kleiner Wannsee]].}} |
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{{Infobox German |
{{Infobox German place |
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| name = Wannsee |
| name = Wannsee |
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| name_local = |
| name_local = |
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| image_photo = Strandbad |
| image_photo = Strandbad Wannsee Sommer 2021.jpeg |
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| image_caption = The beach of Wannsee (Strandbad Wannsee) |
| image_caption = The beach of Wannsee (Strandbad Wannsee) |
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| of_city_coa = Coat_of_arms_of_Berlin.svg |
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| type = Quarter |
| type = Quarter |
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|article_ = of |
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| City = Berlin |
| City = Berlin |
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| Town = |
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| image_coa = |
| image_coa = |
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|map_ = |
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| map_cap = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|52|25|00|N|13|09|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|52|25|00|N|13|09|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| state = Berlin |
| state = Berlin |
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| borough = Steglitz-Zehlendorf |
| borough = Steglitz-Zehlendorf |
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| divisions = [[Wannsee#Subdivision|5 zones]] |
| divisions = [[Wannsee#Subdivision|5 zones]] |
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|_office = |
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| Bürgermeistertitel = |
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| mayor = |
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| elevation = 103 |
| elevation = 103 |
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| area = 23.7 |
| area = 23.7 |
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|pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |
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| population = 9044 |
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|population = {{Population Germany|key=110607}} |
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| population_as_of = 2008-06-30 |
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|population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |
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| density = 382 |
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| |
| postal_code = 14109 |
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| postal_code = (nr. 0607) 14109 |
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| area_code = |
| area_code = |
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| licence = B |
| licence = B |
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| free_2 = |
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| free_2_txt = |
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| year = 1870 |
| year = 1870 |
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| plantext = Location of Wannsee in Steglitz-Zehlendorf and Berlin |
| plantext = Location of Wannsee in Steglitz-Zehlendorf and Berlin |
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| image_plan = Berlin Steglitz-Zehlendorf Wannsee. |
| image_plan = Berlin Steglitz-Zehlendorf Wannsee.svg |
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| website = |
| website = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Wannsee''' ({{IPA |
'''Wannsee''' ({{IPA|de|ˈvanˌzeː|-|De-Wannsee.ogg}}) is a locality in the southwestern [[Berlin]] [[Boroughs of Berlin|borough]] of [[Steglitz-Zehlendorf]], [[Germany]]. It is the westernmost locality of Berlin. In the quarter there are two lakes, the larger ''[[Großer Wannsee]]'' (Greater Wannsee, "See" means lake) and the ''[[Kleiner Wannsee]]'' (Little Wannsee), located on the River [[Havel]] and separated only by the Wannsee Bridge. The larger of the two lakes covers an area of {{Convert|2.7|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} and has a maximum depth of {{Convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}}. |
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The municipality is the location of the compound where the mass-extermination of Europe's Jewish population, known as the "[[Final Solution]]", was planned and approved in early [[1942]] by the Nazi Party's highest ranking officials, including [[Reinhard Heydrich]] and [[Adolf Eichmann]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pearson |first1=Jim |last2=Glass |first2=Adam |title=Wannsee Conference and The Final Solution |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/wannsee-conference-and-the-final-solution |website=Holocaust Encyclopedia |publisher=United States Holocaust Museum |access-date=1 November 2024}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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===Overview=== |
===Overview=== |
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At the western rim of the Wannsee locality the [[Glienicke Bridge]] connects it with the city of [[Potsdam]]. The late [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] [[Glienicke Palace]] as well as the [[Pfaueninsel]] are nearby. Since 1990 these palaces and parks |
At the western rim of the Wannsee locality the [[Glienicke Bridge]] connects it with the city of [[Potsdam]]. The late [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] [[Glienicke Palace]] as well as the [[Pfaueninsel]] are nearby. Since 1990 these palaces and parks have formed part of the [[Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin]] UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]. |
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The locality is centred on the ancient village of |
The locality is centred on the ancient village of [[Stolpe (Berlin)|Stolpe]], known to exist in 1299. The locality also includes the districts of Kohlhasenbrück (named after the 1811 novella ''[[Michael Kohlhaas]]'' by [[Heinrich von Kleist]]) and [[Steinstücken]], which in [[Cold War]] days became famous as a tiny [[exclave]] of [[West Berlin]] within the [[East Germany|GDR]]. |
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===Großer and Kleiner Wannsee=== |
===Großer and Kleiner Wannsee=== |
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{{main|Großer Wannsee|Kleiner Wannsee}} |
{{main|Großer Wannsee|Kleiner Wannsee}} |
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Wannsee lake is |
Wannsee lake is a bathing and recreation spot for western Berlin. The [[Strandbad Wannsee]], an open-air lido with one of the longest inland beaches in Europe and a [[naturism|nudist]] area, was built in 1929–1930 after a concept by architect [[Richard Ermisch]]. Situated on the eastern shore of the lake it is officially part of the [[Nikolassee]] locality. |
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===Subdivision=== |
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Wannsee is divided into 5 zones (''Ortslagen''): |
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* Am Sandwerder |
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* Heckeshorn |
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* Kohlhasenbrück |
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* [[Steinstücken]] |
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* [[Stolpe (Berlin)|Stolpe]] |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Jagdschloss Glienicke von Babelsberg aus Juli 2014 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Jagdschloss Glienicke]] at the [[Havel|Havel river]]]] |
[[File:Jagdschloss Glienicke von Babelsberg aus Juli 2014 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Jagdschloss Glienicke]] at the [[Havel|Havel river]]]] |
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The history of Wannsee as |
The history of Wannsee as an attractive suburb of Berlin began when "Great Elector" [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg|Frederick William of Brandenburg]] ordered the construction of a hunting lodge, the [[Jagdschloss Glienicke]]. The castle remained the hunting lodge of the [[House of Hohenzollern|Hohenzollern family]] for generations, and was rebuilt and expanded several times. Today, the castle houses an institute for social education. |
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In 1793, the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] king [[Frederick William II of Prussia|Frederick William II]], a descendant of Frederick William, acquired the island Pfaueninsel (German: "[[Peafowl|Peacock]] Island") in the [[Havel|Havel river]] and had the Pfaueninsel castle built for himself and his mistress [[Wilhelmine, Gräfin von Lichtenau|Wilhelmine Enke]] in 1794–1797. |
In 1793, the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] king [[Frederick William II of Prussia|Frederick William II]], a descendant of Frederick William, acquired the island Pfaueninsel (German: "[[Peafowl|Peacock]] Island") in the [[Havel|Havel river]] and had the Pfaueninsel castle built for himself and his mistress [[Wilhelmine, Gräfin von Lichtenau|Wilhelmine Enke]] in 1794–1797. Jagdschloss Glienicke and [[Pfaueninsel|Pfaueninsel castle]] are both part of the UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]] [[Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin]]. |
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On 21 November 1811, German writer [[Heinrich von Kleist]] shot himself on the shore of the ''Kleiner Wannsee'' and, at her bidding, his lover, Henriette Vogel. A memorial marks the site. |
On 21 November 1811, German writer [[Heinrich von Kleist]] shot himself on the shore of the ''Kleiner Wannsee'' and, at her bidding, his lover, Henriette Vogel. A memorial marks the site. |
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[[Glienicke Palace]] ([[German language|German]]: ''Schloss Glienicke'') was designed in [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical style]] by [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] for Prince [[Carl of Prussia]] in 1826. It used to be the summer palace of the prince. Together with the Russian style ensemble ''Nikolskoe'' around the church [[Ss. Peter and Paul, Wannsee|Ss. Peter and Paul]] (German: St. Peter und Paul) on the top of a hill on the banks of the [[Havel|Havel river]], it also belongs to the UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]] [[Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin]]. |
[[Glienicke Palace]] ([[German language|German]]: ''Schloss Glienicke'') was designed in [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical style]] by [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] for Prince [[Carl of Prussia]] in 1826. It used to be the summer palace of the prince. Together with the Russian style ensemble ''Nikolskoe'' around the church [[Ss. Peter and Paul, Wannsee|Ss. Peter and Paul]] (German: St. Peter und Paul) on the top of a hill on the banks of the [[Havel|Havel river]], it also belongs to the UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]] [[Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin]]. |
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''Nikolskoe,'' consisting of the church, a cottage, a school and a cemetery, was established from 1813 to 1837 at the suggestion by |
''Nikolskoe,'' consisting of the church, a cottage, a school and a cemetery, was established from 1813 to 1837 at the suggestion by a [[Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)|Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna]], the daughter of [[Frederick William III of Prussia|King Frederick William III of Prussia]]. Her brother Prince Carl, constructor of Glienicke Palace, was buried in the church after his death. Today the church is especially popular for weddings and the cottage is housing a restaurant. |
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The [[Verein Seglerhaus am Wannsee]], the second oldest [[yacht club]] in Germany, was established in October 1867 on a small wooden shack by River [[Havel]]. In 1877 it moved to its present location at the edge of the lake. |
The [[Verein Seglerhaus am Wannsee]], the second oldest [[yacht club]] in Germany, was established in October 1867 on a small wooden shack by River [[Havel]]. In 1877 it moved to its present location at the edge of the lake. |
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In 1909, [[Max Liebermann]], head of the [[Berlin Secession]], had a villa built at the western shore of the Wannsee. His widow was forced to sell it to the ''[[Reichspost|Deutsche Reichspost]]'' in 1940. Today, the property is a museum in honor of the painter. Especially worth seeing is the garden, which was a popular Liebermann motif. |
In 1909, [[Max Liebermann]], head of the [[Berlin Secession]], had a villa built at the western shore of the Wannsee. His widow was forced to sell it to the ''[[Reichspost|Deutsche Reichspost]]'' in 1940. Today, the property is a museum in honor of the painter. Especially worth seeing is the garden, which was a popular Liebermann motif. |
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[[File:Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz 02-2014.jpg|thumb|Wannsee Villa at 56–58 Am Grossen Wannsee, where the [[Wannsee Conference]] was held]] |
[[File:Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz 02-2014.jpg|thumb|Wannsee Villa at 56–58 Am Grossen Wannsee, where the [[Wannsee Conference]] was held]] |
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⚫ | In 1928, a large [[shooting range]] was established in the [[Berlin-Düppel|Düppel]] woods near the Berlin city limits. It was the site |
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⚫ | In 1928, a large [[shooting range]] was established in the [[Berlin-Düppel|Düppel]] woods near the Berlin city limits. It was the site of the [[Shooting at the 1936 Summer Olympics|shooting events]] of the [[1936 Summer Olympics]]. A golf course hosted the running section of the [[Modern pentathlon at the 1936 Summer Olympics|modern pentathlon]] at the same games. After [[World War II]], it was used by the [[US Army]] as the "Rose Range" firing compound. In 1994, the shooting range was returned to Germany by the Allies, and is today used by the [[Deutsche Versuchs- und Prüfanstalt für Jagd- und Sportwaffen|DEVA institute]]. |
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⚫ | On 20 January 1942, senior Nazi officials met at the [[Wannsee Villa]] (built 1914–1915) to ensure the cooperation of the major government organizations in the [[Final Solution]] |
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⚫ | On 20 January 1942, senior Nazi officials met at the [[Wannsee Villa]] (built 1914–1915) to ensure the cooperation of the major government organizations in "the organizational, logistical and material steps for a [[Final Solution|final solution]] of the Jewish question in Europe" - the extermination of the Jews of Europe.<ref>{{cite news |author=Bennhold, Katrin |title=80 Years Ago the Nazis Planned the 'Final Solution.' It Took 90 Minutes. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 20, 2022 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/20/world/europe/lake-wannsee-conference-final-solution-holocaust.html |access-date=January 21, 2022}}</ref> The event, presided over by [[Reinhard Heydrich]] and conducted by [[Adolf Eichmann]], has since become known as the [[Wannsee Conference]]. Today, the building serves as a memorial and education centre. |
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In 1944, after the failure of the assassination attempt on Hitler in which he had been involved, senior SS and Gestapo official [[Arthur Nebe]] went into hiding on an island in the Wannsee but was later arrested after a rejected mistress betrayed him. |
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==Transport== |
==Transport== |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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The ''[[Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin]]'', a [[Nihonjin gakko|Japanese international school]], is in Wannsee.<ref>[http://www.jap-schule-berlin.de/ Home page]. ''[[Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin]]''. Retrieved on 2 January 2014</ref> |
The ''[[Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin]]'', a [[Nihonjin gakko|Japanese international school]], is in Wannsee.<ref>[http://www.jap-schule-berlin.de/ Home page]. ''[[Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin]]''. Retrieved on 2 January 2014</ref> |
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The [[American Academy in Berlin]] is located on Lake Wannsee. |
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== People == |
== People == |
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[[File:Liebermann-Villa B-Wannsee 02-2014.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Liebermann-Villa B-Wannsee 02-2014.jpg|thumb|right|The Liebermann Villa]] |
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[[File:Siemens6.jpg|thumb|right|The ''Siemens-Villa'', today: Immanuel-hospility]] |
[[File:Siemens6.jpg|thumb|right|The ''Siemens-Villa'', today: Immanuel-hospility]] |
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* [[Philipp Franck]], painter |
* [[Philipp Franck]], painter |
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* [[Isted Lion#Berlin|Isted Lion of Berlin]] |
* [[Isted Lion#Berlin|Isted Lion of Berlin]] |
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* [[Wannsee Conference]] |
* [[Wannsee Conference]] |
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* [[American Academy in Berlin]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Olympic venues modern pentathlon}} |
{{Olympic venues modern pentathlon}} |
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{{Olympic venues shooting}} |
{{Olympic venues shooting}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Localities of Berlin]] |
[[Category:Localities of Berlin]] |
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[[Category:Steglitz-Zehlendorf|*]] |
[[Category:Steglitz-Zehlendorf|*]] |
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[[Category:Venues of the 1936 Summer Olympics]] |
[[Category:Venues of the 1936 Summer Olympics]] |
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[[Category:Olympic modern pentathlon venues]] |
[[Category:Olympic modern pentathlon venues]] |
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[[Category:Olympic shooting venues]] |
[[Category:Olympic shooting venues]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Wannsee Conference attendees|*]] |
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[[Category:The Holocaust]] |
Latest revision as of 06:18, 25 November 2024
Wannsee | |
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Coordinates: 52°25′00″N 13°09′00″E / 52.41667°N 13.15000°E | |
Country | Germany |
State | Berlin |
City | Berlin |
Borough | Steglitz-Zehlendorf |
Founded | 1870 |
Subdivisions | 5 zones |
Area | |
• Total | 23.7 km2 (9.2 sq mi) |
Elevation | 103 m (338 ft) |
Population (2023-12-31)[1] | |
• Total | 10,237 |
• Density | 430/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 14109 |
Vehicle registration | B |
Wannsee (German pronunciation: [ˈvanˌzeː] ⓘ) is a locality in the southwestern Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany. It is the westernmost locality of Berlin. In the quarter there are two lakes, the larger Großer Wannsee (Greater Wannsee, "See" means lake) and the Kleiner Wannsee (Little Wannsee), located on the River Havel and separated only by the Wannsee Bridge. The larger of the two lakes covers an area of 2.7 km2 (1.0 sq mi) and has a maximum depth of 9 m (30 ft).
The municipality is the location of the compound where the mass-extermination of Europe's Jewish population, known as the "Final Solution", was planned and approved in early 1942 by the Nazi Party's highest ranking officials, including Reinhard Heydrich and Adolf Eichmann.[2]
Geography
[edit]Overview
[edit]At the western rim of the Wannsee locality the Glienicke Bridge connects it with the city of Potsdam. The late neoclassical Glienicke Palace as well as the Pfaueninsel are nearby. Since 1990 these palaces and parks have formed part of the Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The locality is centred on the ancient village of Stolpe, known to exist in 1299. The locality also includes the districts of Kohlhasenbrück (named after the 1811 novella Michael Kohlhaas by Heinrich von Kleist) and Steinstücken, which in Cold War days became famous as a tiny exclave of West Berlin within the GDR.
Großer and Kleiner Wannsee
[edit]Wannsee lake is a bathing and recreation spot for western Berlin. The Strandbad Wannsee, an open-air lido with one of the longest inland beaches in Europe and a nudist area, was built in 1929–1930 after a concept by architect Richard Ermisch. Situated on the eastern shore of the lake it is officially part of the Nikolassee locality.
History
[edit]The history of Wannsee as an attractive suburb of Berlin began when "Great Elector" Frederick William of Brandenburg ordered the construction of a hunting lodge, the Jagdschloss Glienicke. The castle remained the hunting lodge of the Hohenzollern family for generations, and was rebuilt and expanded several times. Today, the castle houses an institute for social education.
In 1793, the Prussian king Frederick William II, a descendant of Frederick William, acquired the island Pfaueninsel (German: "Peacock Island") in the Havel river and had the Pfaueninsel castle built for himself and his mistress Wilhelmine Enke in 1794–1797. Jagdschloss Glienicke and Pfaueninsel castle are both part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin.
On 21 November 1811, German writer Heinrich von Kleist shot himself on the shore of the Kleiner Wannsee and, at her bidding, his lover, Henriette Vogel. A memorial marks the site.
Glienicke Palace (German: Schloss Glienicke) was designed in neoclassical style by Karl Friedrich Schinkel for Prince Carl of Prussia in 1826. It used to be the summer palace of the prince. Together with the Russian style ensemble Nikolskoe around the church Ss. Peter and Paul (German: St. Peter und Paul) on the top of a hill on the banks of the Havel river, it also belongs to the UNESCO World Heritage Site Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin.
Nikolskoe, consisting of the church, a cottage, a school and a cemetery, was established from 1813 to 1837 at the suggestion by a Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, the daughter of King Frederick William III of Prussia. Her brother Prince Carl, constructor of Glienicke Palace, was buried in the church after his death. Today the church is especially popular for weddings and the cottage is housing a restaurant.
The Verein Seglerhaus am Wannsee, the second oldest yacht club in Germany, was established in October 1867 on a small wooden shack by River Havel. In 1877 it moved to its present location at the edge of the lake.
In 1909, Max Liebermann, head of the Berlin Secession, had a villa built at the western shore of the Wannsee. His widow was forced to sell it to the Deutsche Reichspost in 1940. Today, the property is a museum in honor of the painter. Especially worth seeing is the garden, which was a popular Liebermann motif.
In 1928, a large shooting range was established in the Düppel woods near the Berlin city limits. It was the site of the shooting events of the 1936 Summer Olympics. A golf course hosted the running section of the modern pentathlon at the same games. After World War II, it was used by the US Army as the "Rose Range" firing compound. In 1994, the shooting range was returned to Germany by the Allies, and is today used by the DEVA institute.
On 20 January 1942, senior Nazi officials met at the Wannsee Villa (built 1914–1915) to ensure the cooperation of the major government organizations in "the organizational, logistical and material steps for a final solution of the Jewish question in Europe" - the extermination of the Jews of Europe.[3] The event, presided over by Reinhard Heydrich and conducted by Adolf Eichmann, has since become known as the Wannsee Conference. Today, the building serves as a memorial and education centre.
Transport
[edit]Wannsee is served by the Berlin S-Bahn lines S1, as terminus, and S7, at the Berlin-Wannsee railway station. It is also a stop of some long-distance trains as well as of RegionalExpress and RegionalBahn trains of Deutsche Bahn and Transdev Germany. Wannsee is also linked to Kladow by Berlin ferry line F10.
Education
[edit]The Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin, a Japanese international school, is in Wannsee.[4]
The American Academy in Berlin is located on Lake Wannsee.
People
[edit]- Philipp Franck, painter
- Götz George, actor, childhood in Wannsee
- Otto Erich Hartleben, writer
- Max Liebermann, painter
- Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, resistance fighter, Tristanstraße 8–10
- Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, resistance fighter
- Arthur Scherbius, inventor, lived from 1924–1929 in Wannsee
- Arnold von Siemens (1853-1918), entrepreneur
- Hermann von Siemens (1885-1986), entrepreneur
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2023". Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg. February 2024.
- ^ Pearson, Jim; Glass, Adam. "Wannsee Conference and The Final Solution". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Museum. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ Bennhold, Katrin (January 20, 2022). "80 Years Ago the Nazis Planned the 'Final Solution.' It Took 90 Minutes". The New York Times. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
- ^ Home page. Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin. Retrieved on 2 January 2014
External links
[edit]- 1936 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 2. pp. 817–36.
- Special Exhibit – The Residential Villa Areas in Wannsee, 1870 – 1945
- Nixdorf, B.; et al. (2004), "Großer Wannsee", Dokumentation von Zustand und Entwicklung der wichtigsten Seen Deutschlands (in German), Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, p. 16