Almonry: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Place where alms were distributed in churches}} |
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{{Update-EB|date=March 2017}} |
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[[File:Evesham Almonry heritage centre - geograph.org.uk - 1099849.jpg|thumb|Evesham Almonry]] |
[[File:Evesham Almonry heritage centre - geograph.org.uk - 1099849.jpg|thumb|Evesham Almonry]] |
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An '''almonry''' (Lat. |
An '''almonry''' (Lat. {{Lang|la|eleemosynarium}}, Fr. {{Lang|fr|aumônerie}}, Ger. {{Lang|de|Almosenhaus}}) is the place or chamber where [[alms]] were distributed to the poor in [[church (building)|church]]es or other ecclesiastical buildings.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Almonry|volume=1|page=717}}</ref><ref name="sturgis50">{{cite book|last1=Sturgis|first1=Russell|title=A Dictionary of Architecture and Building, Volume I|date=1901|publisher=Macmillan}}</ref> The person designated to oversee the distribution was called an [[almoner]]. |
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==Examples== |
==Examples in England== |
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At [[Worcester Cathedral]] the alms are said to have been distributed on stone tables, on each side, within the great porch. |
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In some case, the duty to take in the poor and the sick was met by setting up an ''hospitium'' (inn) or ''spital'' (hospital) outside the gate in which about a dozen elderly or sick persons were maintained at the expense of the almoner, who had land allotted to his use from the monastery's estates.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GXMYAAAAIAAJ&dq=Almonry&pg=PA99 Leach, Arthur F., "Almonry Schools", ''A Cyclopedia of Education'', (Paul Monroe, ed.), New York, The Macmillan Company, 1911]{{PD-notice}}</ref> At [[Reading Abbey]], the abbey's ''hospitium'', or dormitory for pilgrims, known as the Hospitium of St. John was founded in 1189. The abbey school, which was founded in 1125, moved into the hospitium in 1485 as the Royal Grammar School of King Henry VII. |
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| ⚫ | In large monastic establishments, as at [[Westminster Abbey]], it seems to have been a separate building of some importance, either joining the [[gatehouse]] or near it, that the establishment might be disturbed as little as possible.<ref name="EB1911"/> Close to the |
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| ⚫ | In large monastic establishments, as at [[Westminster Abbey]], it seems to have been a separate building of some importance, either joining the [[gatehouse]] or near it, so that the establishment might be disturbed as little as possible.<ref name="EB1911"/> Close to the sanctuary, and adjoining its western side, was the eleemosynary or almonry, where the alms of the abbey were daily doled out to the poor and needy. The almonry was a building, analogous to our more prosaic modern alms-houses, erected by King Henry VII and his mother, the Lady Margaret, to the glory of God, for twelve poor men and poor women.<ref name=Thornbury>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol3/pp483-491. Thornbury, Walter. "Westminster Abbey: The sanctuary and almonry." Old and New London: Volume 3. London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin, 1878. 483–491. British History Online. Web. 13 February 2018.]{{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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[[File:St Paul's old. From Francis Bond, Early Christian Architecture. Last book 1913..jpg|thumb|Old St Paul's with almonry left of main entrance and St. Gregory's far left]] |
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The change introduced by the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] the Henry, "...was followed by what has been termed the "age of beggars and thieves;" for when the poorer classes, who had grown up in dependence on the old abbeys and monasteries, came to be suddenly deprived of the means of subsistence by the stoppage of their alms, society had to suffer—not altogether undeservedly—for the change which the tyrannical king had brought about. It became necessary, there fore, to enact further laws for the punishment of sturdy and wilful beggars, and ultimately to bring in sundry "poor laws" to meet the case of the other large population which had been reduced to poverty by the stoppage of the alms on which they had lived."<ref name=Thornbury/> |
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| ⚫ | An almonry school was a medieval English monastic [[charity school]] supported by a portion of the funds allocated to the almoner. The practice began in the early 14th century when a form of scholarship was established that provided attendance at the cathedral school, housing, and food for boys at least 10 years old who could sing and read. An almonry education could prepare boys for a variety of careers, as well as university.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WDTWekuqF7oC&dq=Almonry&pg=PA155 Clark, James G., "Monasteries and Secular Education", ''Monasteries and Society in the British Isles in the Later Middle Ages'', (Janet E. Burton, Karen Stöber, eds.), Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2008], {{ISBN|9781843833864}}, p. 155</ref> |
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The almonry at [[Old St Paul's Cathedral]] was built along the south wall of the nave, not far from the parish church of [[St Gregory by St Paul's|St Gregory]]. The choir master was also the almoner, and the almonry housed boy choristers. It also served as a playhouse, in which the boys performed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ftNYbmSOetUC&dq=Almonry&pg=PA111 Berry, Herbert. "Where was the Playhouse in Which the Boy Choristers of St. Paul's Cathedral Performed Plays?", ''Medieval and Renaissance Drama in England'', Vol. 13, (John Pitcher, Robert Lindsey, Susan P. Cerasano, eds.), Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 2001], {{ISBN|9780838638897}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Almoner]] |
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At the [[Palace of Whitehall]] the office of the Royal Almonry was located in Middle Scotland Yard. The Hereditary Grand Almoner, a position instituted by Richard I, distributed alms on the occasion of a coronation. The duties of the High Almoner were more general and included visiting the sick, poor widows, and prisoners and reminding the king to bestow alms, especially on saints' days.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_M5MLAAAAYAAJ/page/n15 <!-- pg=4 quote=Almonry. --> Timbs, John. "Almonry, Royal", ''Curiosities of London'', D. Bogue, 1855, p. 4]{{PD-notice}}</ref> A remnant of this custom may be found in the [[Royal Maundy]] service. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{EB1911 article with no significant updates}} |
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[[Category:Church architecture]] |
[[Category:Church architecture]] |
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[[Category:Rooms]] |
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{{room-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 11:28, 25 November 2024
An almonry (Lat. eleemosynarium, Fr. aumônerie, Ger. Almosenhaus) is the place or chamber where alms were distributed to the poor in churches or other ecclesiastical buildings.[1][2] The person designated to oversee the distribution was called an almoner.
Examples in England
[edit]At Worcester Cathedral the alms are said to have been distributed on stone tables, on each side, within the great porch.
In some case, the duty to take in the poor and the sick was met by setting up an hospitium (inn) or spital (hospital) outside the gate in which about a dozen elderly or sick persons were maintained at the expense of the almoner, who had land allotted to his use from the monastery's estates.[3] At Reading Abbey, the abbey's hospitium, or dormitory for pilgrims, known as the Hospitium of St. John was founded in 1189. The abbey school, which was founded in 1125, moved into the hospitium in 1485 as the Royal Grammar School of King Henry VII.
In large monastic establishments, as at Westminster Abbey, it seems to have been a separate building of some importance, either joining the gatehouse or near it, so that the establishment might be disturbed as little as possible.[1] Close to the sanctuary, and adjoining its western side, was the eleemosynary or almonry, where the alms of the abbey were daily doled out to the poor and needy. The almonry was a building, analogous to our more prosaic modern alms-houses, erected by King Henry VII and his mother, the Lady Margaret, to the glory of God, for twelve poor men and poor women.[4]
The almonry at Evesham was a separate building that was home to the almoner of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Mary and St. Ecgwine.[5]
An almonry school was a medieval English monastic charity school supported by a portion of the funds allocated to the almoner. The practice began in the early 14th century when a form of scholarship was established that provided attendance at the cathedral school, housing, and food for boys at least 10 years old who could sing and read. An almonry education could prepare boys for a variety of careers, as well as university.[6]
The almonry at Old St Paul's Cathedral was built along the south wall of the nave, not far from the parish church of St Gregory. The choir master was also the almoner, and the almonry housed boy choristers. It also served as a playhouse, in which the boys performed.[7]
At the Palace of Whitehall the office of the Royal Almonry was located in Middle Scotland Yard. The Hereditary Grand Almoner, a position instituted by Richard I, distributed alms on the occasion of a coronation. The duties of the High Almoner were more general and included visiting the sick, poor widows, and prisoners and reminding the king to bestow alms, especially on saints' days.[8] A remnant of this custom may be found in the Royal Maundy service.
References
[edit]- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Almonry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 717.
- ^ Sturgis, Russell (1901). A Dictionary of Architecture and Building, Volume I. Macmillan.
- ^ Leach, Arthur F., "Almonry Schools", A Cyclopedia of Education, (Paul Monroe, ed.), New York, The Macmillan Company, 1911
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Thornbury, Walter. "Westminster Abbey: The sanctuary and almonry." Old and New London: Volume 3. London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin, 1878. 483–491. British History Online. Web. 13 February 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ The Almonry Evesham
- ^ Clark, James G., "Monasteries and Secular Education", Monasteries and Society in the British Isles in the Later Middle Ages, (Janet E. Burton, Karen Stöber, eds.), Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2008, ISBN 9781843833864, p. 155
- ^ Berry, Herbert. "Where was the Playhouse in Which the Boy Choristers of St. Paul's Cathedral Performed Plays?", Medieval and Renaissance Drama in England, Vol. 13, (John Pitcher, Robert Lindsey, Susan P. Cerasano, eds.), Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 2001, ISBN 9780838638897
- ^ Timbs, John. "Almonry, Royal", Curiosities of London, D. Bogue, 1855, p. 4 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
