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{{Short description|American twin-engined utility aircraft}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2021}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{{Infobox aircraft
|name= PA-44 Seminole
|name= PA-44 Seminole
|image= File:Piper-pa-44.jpg
|image= File:Piper-pa-44.jpg
|caption=
|caption=
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
|type=[[trainer (aircraft)|Training]] and [[General aviation|personal aircraft]]
|type=[[trainer (aircraft)|Training]] and [[General aviation|personal aircraft]]
|manufacturer=[[Piper Aircraft]]
|manufacturer=[[Piper Aircraft]]
|designer=
|designer=
|first flight= 1976
|first_flight= 1976
|introduction=
|introduced=
|produced=1979–present
|produced=1979–present
|number built=926 (until 2019)<ref>Roger Peperell: ''Piper Aircraft – Freedom of Flight, Supplement'', Air-Britain, Tonbridge 2020, ISBN 978-0-85130-524-0, p. 106.</ref>
|number_built=926 (until 2019)<ref>Roger Peperell: ''Piper Aircraft – Freedom of Flight, Supplement'', Air-Britain, Tonbridge 2020, {{ISBN|978-0-85130-524-0}}, p. 106.</ref>
⚫
|developed_from= [[Piper Cherokee]]
|unit cost=[[United States dollar|US$]]663,500 (2013 base price)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.newpiper.com/aircraft/spec_sheet/Seminole.pdf |title = 2013 Seminole |publisher= [[Piper Aircraft]] |access-date = 18 July 2013 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060319132231/http://www.newpiper.com/aircraft/spec_sheet/Seminole.pdf |archive-date = 19 March 2006 }}</ref>
⚫
|developed from= [[Piper Cherokee]]
}}
}}
|}
[[File:Piper PA44-180 aircraft.jpg|thumb|Piper PA-44-180 Seminole]]
[[File:Piper PA44-180 aircraft.jpg|thumb|Piper PA-44-180 Seminole]]
[[File:EC-GHA Piper PA-44 Seminole.JPG|thumb|right|PA-44 landing]]
[[File:EC-GHA Piper PA-44 Seminole.JPG|thumb|right|PA-44 landing]]
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The PA-44 is a development of the [[Piper Cherokee]] single-engined aircraft and is primarily used for multi-engined flight training.<ref name="NewPiper" /><ref name="Foster">Montgomery, MR & Gerald Foster: ''A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition'', page 92. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. {{ISBN|0-395-62888-1}}</ref>
The PA-44 is a development of the [[Piper Cherokee]] single-engined aircraft and is primarily used for multi-engined flight training.<ref name="NewPiper" /><ref name="Foster">Montgomery, MR & Gerald Foster: ''A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition'', page 92. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. {{ISBN|0-395-62888-1}}</ref>


The Seminole was built in 1979–1982, in 1989–1990, and has been in production since 1995.
The Seminole has been built in three production runs; from 1979 to 1982, 1989 to 1990, and continuously since 1995.


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
The first production Seminoles are equipped with two 180&nbsp;hp (135&nbsp;kW) [[Lycoming O-360|Lycoming O-360-E1A6D]] engines. The right-hand engine is a Lycoming LO-360-E1A6D variant, which turns in the opposite direction to the left-hand engine. This feature eliminates the [[critical engine]] and makes the aircraft more controllable in the event that an engine needs to be shut down or fails.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.newpiper.com/aircraft/seminole/specifications.asp |title = Seminole Price and Standard Equipment |publisher= New Piper Aircraft |access-date = 2007-10-02 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023061708/http://www.newpiper.com/aircraft/seminole/specifications.asp |archive-date = 2007-10-23 }}</ref><ref name="A19SO">{{cite web|url = http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/f07de52f6061c8cc8625720a0054ef4f/$FILE/A19SO.pdf|title = TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. A19SO Revision 10|access-date = 2008-09-09|publisher = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|date = August 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110608084840/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/f07de52f6061c8cc8625720a0054ef4f/$FILE/A19SO.pdf|archive-date = 2011-06-08|url-status = dead}}</ref>
The first production Seminoles are equipped with two 180&nbsp;hp (135&nbsp;kW) [[Lycoming O-360|Lycoming O-360-E1A6D]] engines. The right-hand engine is a Lycoming LO-360-E1A6D variant, which turns in the opposite direction to the left-hand engine. This feature eliminates the [[critical engine]] and makes the aircraft more controllable in the event that an engine needs to be shut down or fails.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.newpiper.com/aircraft/seminole/specifications.asp |title = Seminole Price and Standard Equipment |publisher= New Piper Aircraft |access-date = 2007-10-02 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023061708/http://www.newpiper.com/aircraft/seminole/specifications.asp |archive-date = 2007-10-23 }}</ref><ref name="A19SO">{{cite web|url = http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/f07de52f6061c8cc8625720a0054ef4f/$FILE/A19SO.pdf|title = TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. A19SO Revision 10|access-date = 2008-09-09|publisher = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|date = August 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110608084840/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/f07de52f6061c8cc8625720a0054ef4f/$FILE/A19SO.pdf|archive-date = 2011-06-08|url-status = dead}}</ref>


The first prototype Seminole made its maiden flight in May 1976 and the type was publicly announced on February 21, 1978.<ref name="jawa82p447"/> The Seminole was first certified on March 10, 1978 and introduced as a 1979 model year in late 1978. Gross weight is 3800&nbsp;lbs (1723&nbsp;kg).<ref name="A19SO" />
The first prototype Seminole made its maiden flight in May 1976 and the type was publicly announced on February 21, 1978.<ref name="jawa82p447"/> The Seminole was first certified on March 10, 1978, and introduced as a 1979 model year in late 1978. Gross weight is 3800&nbsp;lbs (1723&nbsp;kg).<ref name="A19SO" />


Later production Seminoles were built with [[Lycoming O-360|Lycoming O-360-A1H6]] engines.<ref name="A19SO" />
Later production Seminoles were built with [[Lycoming O-360|Lycoming O-360-A1H6]] engines.<ref name="A19SO" />
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===Military===
===Military===
;{{JOR}}
;{{JOR}}
*[[Royal Jordanian Air Force]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}
* [[Royal Jordanian Air Force]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}
;{{PER}}
* [[Peruvian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2021">{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=75345|title = World Air Forces 2021|publisher= FlightGlobal |date= 4 December 2020 |access-date= 5 January 2021}}</ref>


==Specifications (PA-44-180 Seminole)==
==Specifications (PA-44-180 Seminole)==
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General characteristics
General characteristics
-->
-->
|genhide=
|genhide=


|crew=1
|crew=1
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|length ft=27
|length ft=27
|length in=7+1/4
|length in=7+1/4
|length sigfig=3
|span m=
|span m=
|span ft=38
|span ft=38
|span in=7+1/4
|span in=7+1/4
|span sigfig=4
|height m=
|height m=
|height ft=8
|height ft=8
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|climb rate ftmin=1340
|climb rate ftmin=1340
|more performance=
|more performance=
*'''Single Engine Service Ceiling:''' {{convert|4100|ft|m|abbr=on}}
* '''Single Engine Service Ceiling:''' {{convert|4100|ft|m|abbr=on}}
*'''Take-off to 50 ft (15 m):''' {{convert|1400|ft|m|abbr=on}}
* '''Take-off to 50 ft (15 m):''' {{convert|1400|ft|m|abbr=on}}
*'''Landing from 50 ft (15 m):''' {{convert|1190|ft|m|abbr=on}}
* '''Landing from 50 ft (15 m):''' {{convert|1190|ft|m|abbr=on}}


|avionics=
|avionics=
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
⚫
* {{cite book |editor-last=Jackson |editor-first=Paul |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2003–2004 |year=2003 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=0-7106-2537-5}}

*{{cite book |editor-last=Jackson |editor-first=Paul |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2003–2004 |year=2003 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=0-7106-2537-5}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Lambert |editor-first=Mark |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1990–1991 |year=1990 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Defence Data |isbn=0-7106-0908-6}}
*{{cite book |editor-last=Lambert |editor-first=Mark |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1990–1991 |year=1990 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Defence Data |isbn=0-7106-0908-6}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Lambert |editor-first=Mark |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1992–1993 |year=1992 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Data Division |isbn=0-7106-0987-6}}
⚫
* {{cite magazine |last=Moll |first=Nigel |title=Borne-Again Trainer |magazine=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |date=January 1990 |volume=117 |number=1 |pages=56–62 |issn=0015-4806 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsVZgnUgo90C&pg=PA56 }}
⚫
*{{cite book |editor-last=Lambert |editor-first=Mark |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1992–1993 |year=1992 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Data Division |isbn=0-7106-0987-6}}
⚫
* {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |editor-link=John W. R. Taylor |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982–83 |year=1982 |publisher=Jane's Yearbooks |location=London |isbn=0-7106-0748-2 }}
⚫
*{{cite magazine |last=Moll |first=Nigel |title=Borne-Again Trainer |magazine=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |date=January 1990 |volume=117 |number=1 |pages=56–62 |issn=0015-4806 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsVZgnUgo90C&pg=PA56 }}
⚫
*{{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |editor-link=John W. R. Taylor |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982–83 |year=1982 |publisher=Jane's Yearbooks |location=London |isbn=0-7106-0748-2 }}


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1978]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1978]]
[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]

Latest revision as of 13:47, 25 November 2024

PA-44 Seminole
General information
TypeTraining and personal aircraft
ManufacturerPiper Aircraft
Number built926 (until 2019)[1]
History
Manufactured1979–present
First flight1976
Developed fromPiper Cherokee
Piper PA-44-180 Seminole
PA-44 landing
Piper PA-44-180 Seminole

The Piper PA-44 Seminole is an American twin-engined light aircraft manufactured by Piper Aircraft.[2]

The PA-44 is a development of the Piper Cherokee single-engined aircraft and is primarily used for multi-engined flight training.[2][3]

The Seminole has been built in three production runs; from 1979 to 1982, 1989 to 1990, and continuously since 1995.

Design and development

[edit]

The first production Seminoles are equipped with two 180 hp (135 kW) Lycoming O-360-E1A6D engines. The right-hand engine is a Lycoming LO-360-E1A6D variant, which turns in the opposite direction to the left-hand engine. This feature eliminates the critical engine and makes the aircraft more controllable in the event that an engine needs to be shut down or fails.[4][5]

The first prototype Seminole made its maiden flight in May 1976 and the type was publicly announced on February 21, 1978.[6] The Seminole was first certified on March 10, 1978, and introduced as a 1979 model year in late 1978. Gross weight is 3800 lbs (1723 kg).[5]

Later production Seminoles were built with Lycoming O-360-A1H6 engines.[5]

The PA-44-180T Turbo Seminole version was certified on November 29, 1979. It features two turbocharged 180 hp (135 kW) Lycoming TO-360-E1A6D engines, which offer a significant improvement in performance at high density altitude. The Turbo Seminole had its takeoff gross weight raised to 3925 lb (1780 kg), while the landing weight remained at 3800 lbs (1723 kg).[5]

The PA-44 features a high T-tail similar to the T-tailed Arrow IV. The Seminole is visually similar to the Beechcraft Duchess.[3]

Production of both versions of the Seminole was stopped in 1982, after 361 Seminoles and 87 Turbo Seminoles had been built. Production of the normally aspirated PA-44-180 restarted in 1988.[7] Changes were limited to modifications to the aircraft's electrical systems and instrumentation.[8] Production was stopped again in 1990 after 29 more aircraft had been delivered owing to Piper's financial problems.[9] Production restarted again in 1995.[10]

Variants

[edit]
PA-44-180 Seminole
Normally aspirated version powered by two Lycoming O-360-E1A6D or two O-360-A1H6 engines.[5]
PA-44-180T Turbo Seminole
Turbocharged version powered by two Lycoming TO-360-E1A6D engines.[5]
PA-44 Seminole DX
A proposed diesel-powered variant powered by two Continental Motors CD-170 engines.[11]

Operators

[edit]

Civil

[edit]

The PA-44 is popular with air charter companies and flight schools, and is operated by private individuals and companies.

Military

[edit]
 Jordan
 Peru

Specifications (PA-44-180 Seminole)

[edit]

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982–83[6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 3 passengers
  • Length: 27 ft 7+1⁄4 in (8.41 m)
  • Wingspan: 38 ft 7+1⁄4 in (11.77 m)
  • Height: 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
  • Wing area: 183.8 sq ft (17.08 m2)
  • Airfoil: NACA 652-415[10]
  • Empty weight: 2,354 lb (1,068 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 3,800 lb (1,724 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 110 US gal (92 imp gal; 420 L), of which 2 US gal (1.7 imp gal; 7.6 L) are unusable
  • Powerplant: 2 × Lycoming O-360-E1A6 air-cooled flat four (counter rotating), 180 hp (130 kW) each
  • Propellers: 2-bladed Hartzell fully-feathering metal constant-speed propellers, 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) diameter

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 193 mph (311 km/h, 168 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 187 mph (301 km/h, 162 kn) (75% power)
  • Stall speed: 68 mph (109 km/h, 59 kn) (flaps down) CAS
  • Range: 1,053 mi (1,695 km, 915 nmi) (55% power)
  • Service ceiling: 17,100 ft (5,200 m)
  • Rate of climb: 1,340 ft/min (6.8 m/s)
  • Single Engine Service Ceiling: 4,100 ft (1,200 m)
  • Take-off to 50 ft (15 m): 1,400 ft (430 m)
  • Landing from 50 ft (15 m): 1,190 ft (360 m)

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Roger Peperell: Piper Aircraft – Freedom of Flight, Supplement, Air-Britain, Tonbridge 2020, ISBN 978-0-85130-524-0, p. 106.
  2. ^ a b "Welcome to the Seminole". New Piper Aircraft. Archived from the original on July 23, 2007. Retrieved October 2, 2007.
  3. ^ a b Montgomery, MR & Gerald Foster: A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition, page 92. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. ISBN 0-395-62888-1
  4. ^ "Seminole Price and Standard Equipment". New Piper Aircraft. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved October 2, 2007.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. A19SO Revision 10" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 8, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2008.
  6. ^ a b Taylor 1982, p. 447
  7. ^ Lambert 1990, p. 483
  8. ^ Moll 1990, p. 60
  9. ^ Lambert 1992, p. 429
  10. ^ a b Jackson 2003, p. 696
  11. ^ "General Aviation News". Air Britain Aviation World. Air-Britain. 2018. p. 114. ISSN 1742-996X.
  12. ^ "World Air Forces 2021". FlightGlobal. December 4, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
[edit]
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