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Coordinates: 54°39′46″N 2°41′05″W / 54.662807°N 2.684721°W / 54.662807; -2.684721
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'''Ninekirks''' is the local name for St Ninian's church, [[Brougham, Cumbria|Brougham]], Cumbria. Dedicated to [[Saint Ninian]], it was formerly the Anglican [[parish church]] for Brougham, a parish which is now combined with [[Clifton, Cumbria|Clifton]], a neighbouring village. It is preserved as a [[redundant church]] for its architectural interest, and presents a mainly seventeenth-century appearance.<ref name="CCT">{{cite web | url=https://www.visitchurches.org.uk/visit/church-listing/st-ninians-brougham.html | title=St Ninian's Church, Brougham, Cumbria | publisher=[[Churches Conservation Trust]] | accessdate=October 18, 2016}}</ref> It has been known as ''Ninekirks'' since at least 1583.<ref name= bouch1950>{{cite journal
'''Ninekirks''' is the local name for St Ninian's church, [[Brougham, Cumbria|Brougham]], Cumbria. Dedicated to [[Saint Ninian]], it was formerly the Anglican [[parish church]] for Brougham, a parish which is now combined with [[Clifton, Cumbria|Clifton]], a neighbouring village. It is preserved as a [[redundant church]] for its architectural interest, and presents a mainly seventeenth-century appearance.<ref name="CCT">{{cite web | url=https://www.visitchurches.org.uk/visit/church-listing/st-ninians-brougham.html | title=St Ninian's Church, Brougham, Cumbria | publisher=[[Churches Conservation Trust]] | accessdate=October 18, 2016}}</ref> It has been known as ''Ninekirks'' since at least 1583.<ref name="bouch1950">{{cite journal |author=Bouch C.M.L. |date=1950 |title=Ninekirks, Brougham |url= |journal=Transactions of the CWAAS |publisher=CWAAS |volume=50 |pages=80–90 |doi=10.5284/1062764 |issn=0309-7986}}</ref>
| author = Bouch C.M.L.
| date = 1950
| title = Ninekirks, Brougham
| journal = Transactions of the CWAAS
| publisher = CWAAS
| volume = 50
| pages = 80–90
| url =
| issn = 0309-7986
}}</ref>


==Importance==
==Importance==
Line 110: Line 100:
==History==
==History==
The Romans built a fort at Brougham called [[Brocavum]], situated near the confluence of the River Eamont and the [[River Eden, Cumbria|River Eden]].
The Romans built a fort at Brougham called [[Brocavum]], situated near the confluence of the River Eamont and the [[River Eden, Cumbria|River Eden]].
The Ninekirks site has been continuously occupied since at least Roman times.<ref name= simpson1958>{{cite journal
The Ninekirks site has been continuously occupied since at least Roman times.<ref name="simpson1958">{{cite journal |author=Simpson D. |date=1958 |title=Brovacum, Ninekirks and Brougham: a study in continuity |url= |journal=Transactions of the CWAAS |publisher=CWAAS |volume=58 |pages=68–87 |doi=10.5284/1062518 |issn=0309-7986}}</ref>
Roman occupation of the site is demonstrated by the Ninekirks Hoard of [[barbarous radiate]] coins.<ref name="casey1978">{{cite journal |author=Casey P.J. |date=1978 |title=The Ninekirks (Brougham) Hoard: a reconsideration |url= |journal=Transactions of the CWAAS |publisher=CWAAS |volume=78 |pages=23–28 |doi=10.5284/1061929 |issn=0309-7986}}</ref> As a Christian site, the area was associated with St.Ninian from a very early date<ref name="lees1879">{{cite journal |author=Lees T. |date=1879 |title=St Ninian's Church, Brougham |url= |journal=Transactions of the CWAAS |publisher=CWAAS |volume=4 |pages=670–695 |doi=10.5284/1064692 |issn=0309-7986}}</ref> but "not everyone is convinced entirely by the arguments of Canon Bouch and others for Ninian".<ref name="jones1973">{{cite journal |author=Jones G.P. |date=1973 |title=Doubts about the Brittonic derivation of some Westmorland place names |url= |journal=Transactions of the CWAAS |publisher=CWAAS |volume=23 |pages=358 |doi=10.5284/1062038 |issn=0309-7986}}</ref> There are caves nearby on the north bank of the Eamont at a site called [[Isis Parlis]] and possible evidence of occupation of these is used to support arguments in favour of early [[hermit]] use.
| author = Simpson D.
| date = 1958
| title = Brovacum, Ninekirks and Brougham: a study in continuity
| journal = Transactions of the CWAAS
| publisher = CWAAS
| volume = 58
| pages = 68–87
| url =
| issn = 0309-7986
}}</ref>
Roman occupation of the site is demonstrated by the Ninekirks Hoard of [[barbarous radiate]] coins.<ref name= casey1978>{{cite journal
| author = Casey P.J.
| date = 1978
| title = The Ninekirks (Brougham) Hoard: a reconsideration
| journal = Transactions of the CWAAS
| publisher = CWAAS
| volume = 78
| pages = 23–28
| url =
| issn = 0309-7986
}}</ref> As a Christian site, the area was associated with St.Ninian from a very early date<ref name= lees1879>{{cite journal
| author = Lees T.
| date = 1879
| title = St Ninian's Church, Brougham
| journal = Transactions of the CWAAS
| publisher = CWAAS
| volume = 4
| pages = 670–695
| url =
| issn = 0309-7986
}}</ref> but "not everyone is convinced entirely by the arguments of Canon Bouch and others for Ninian".<ref name= jones1973>{{cite journal
| author = Jones G.P.
| date = 1973
| title = Doubts about the Brittonic derivation of some Westmorland place names
| journal = Transactions of the CWAAS
| publisher = CWAAS
| volume = 23
| pages = 358
| url =
| issn = 0309-7986
}}</ref> There are caves nearby on the north bank of the Eamont at a site called [[Isis Parlis]] and possible evidence of occupation of these is used to support arguments in favour of early [[hermit]] use.


The centre of population moved near [[Brougham Hall]] sometime between 1230 and 1284.<ref name=bouch1950/> The Hall had a chapel from the 14th century, and the church fell into disuse.
The centre of population moved near [[Brougham Hall]] sometime between 1230 and 1284.<ref name=bouch1950/> The Hall had a chapel from the 14th century, and the church fell into disuse.
Line 192: Line 142:
| url =
| url =
| issn = 0309-7986
| issn = 0309-7986
}}</ref> 1950<ref name=bouch1950/> and 1955 (twice)<ref name= bouch1955hoard/><ref name= bouch1955chapel>{{cite journal
}}</ref> 1950<ref name=bouch1950/> and 1955 (twice)<ref name= bouch1955hoard/><ref name="bouch1955chapel">{{cite journal |author=Bouch C.M.L. |date=1955 |title=The dedication of Brougham Chapel |url= |journal=Transactions of the CWAAS |publisher=CWAAS |volume=55 |pages=329–330 |doi=10.5284/1062582 |issn=0309-7986}}</ref>) demonstrate his interest. It was made [[Redundant church|redundant]] in 1977<ref name= herald1976>{{cite news
| author = Bouch C.M.L.
| date = 1955
| title = The dedication of Brougham Chapel
| journal = Transactions of the CWAAS
| publisher = CWAAS
| volume = 55
| pages = 329–330
| url =
| issn = 0309-7986
}}</ref>) demonstrate his interest. It was made [[Redundant church|redundant]] in 1977<ref name= herald1976>{{cite news
| author =
| author =
| date = 14 August 1976
| date = 14 August 1976
Line 232: Line 172:
The church and its area have been the subject of at least four [[archaeology|archaeological]] investigations:
The church and its area have been the subject of at least four [[archaeology|archaeological]] investigations:
* Excavations took place inside the church during the repairs in the 1840s (Brougham, 1847) when some ancient tombs were investigated.
* Excavations took place inside the church during the repairs in the 1840s (Brougham, 1847) when some ancient tombs were investigated.
* Excavations at Isis Parlis in 1913<ref name= heelis1914>{{cite journal
* Excavations at Isis Parlis in 1913<ref name="heelis1914">{{cite journal |author=Heelis A.J. |date=1914 |title=The caves known as Isis Parlis |url= |journal=Transactions of the CWAAS |publisher=CWAAS |volume=14 |pages=337–342 |doi=10.5284/1063749 |issn=0309-7986}}</ref> aiming to find out how the caves had formed and how they had been used.
* The coin hoard was discovered in 1914<ref name="bouch1955hoard">{{cite journal |author=Bouch C.M.L. & Kent J.P.C. |date=1955 |title=A dark-age coin-hoard from Ninekirks, Brougham |url= |journal=Transactions of the CWAAS |publisher=CWAAS |volume=55 |pages=108–111 |doi=10.5284/1062605 |issn=0309-7986}}</ref>
| author = Heelis A.J.
| date = 1914
| title = The caves known as Isis Parlis
| journal = Transactions of the CWAAS
| publisher = CWAAS
| volume = 14
| pages = 337–342
| url =
| issn = 0309-7986
}}</ref> aiming to find out how the caves had formed and how they had been used.
* The coin hoard was discovered in 1914<ref name= bouch1955hoard>{{cite journal
| author = Bouch C.M.L. & Kent J.P.C.
| date = 1955
| title = A dark-age coin-hoard from Ninekirks, Brougham
| journal = Transactions of the CWAAS
| publisher = CWAAS
| volume = 55
| pages = 108–111
| url =
| issn = 0309-7986
}}</ref>
* [[Cropmark|Crop marks]] were observed in a 1968 aerial photograph<ref name= ken1978>{{cite journal
* [[Cropmark|Crop marks]] were observed in a 1968 aerial photograph<ref name= ken1978>{{cite journal
| author = St Joseph, J.K.S.
| author = St Joseph, J.K.S.
Line 263: Line 183:
| issue = 206
| issue = 206
| pages = 236–238
| pages = 236–238
| doi = 10.1017/S0003598X00105617
| s2cid = 166570620
| url = http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/052/Ant0520223.htm
| url = http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/052/Ant0520223.htm
| issn =
| issn =

Latest revision as of 14:01, 25 November 2024

St Ninian's church
St Ninian's church
St Ninian's church is located in Cumbria
St Ninian's church
St Ninian's church
Location in Cumbria
54°39′46″N 2°41′05″W / 54.662807°N 2.684721°W / 54.662807; -2.684721
OS grid referenceNY 5593029962
LocationSt Ninian's church Cumbria
CountryEngland
DenominationAnglican
Websitehttps://www.visitchurches.org.uk/visit/church-listing/st-ninians-brougham.html
History
DedicationSt Ninian
Architecture
Functional statusclosed
Closed1934

Ninekirks is the local name for St Ninian's church, Brougham, Cumbria. Dedicated to Saint Ninian, it was formerly the Anglican parish church for Brougham, a parish which is now combined with Clifton, a neighbouring village. It is preserved as a redundant church for its architectural interest, and presents a mainly seventeenth-century appearance.[1] It has been known as Ninekirks since at least 1583.[2]

Importance

[edit]

The building is Grade I listed.[3] It is one of very few churches to be built during the Commonwealth of England and has been altered very little. (Three other churches of this age are: Church of the Holy Trinity, Berwick-on-Tweed; St Matthias Old Church, London Borough of Tower Hamlets; and Staunton Harold, Leicestershire.)

History

[edit]

The Romans built a fort at Brougham called Brocavum, situated near the confluence of the River Eamont and the River Eden. The Ninekirks site has been continuously occupied since at least Roman times.[4] Roman occupation of the site is demonstrated by the Ninekirks Hoard of barbarous radiate coins.[5] As a Christian site, the area was associated with St.Ninian from a very early date[6] but "not everyone is convinced entirely by the arguments of Canon Bouch and others for Ninian".[7] There are caves nearby on the north bank of the Eamont at a site called Isis Parlis and possible evidence of occupation of these is used to support arguments in favour of early hermit use.

The centre of population moved near Brougham Hall sometime between 1230 and 1284.[2] The Hall had a chapel from the 14th century, and the church fell into disuse. In 1659 the church was reconstructed by Lady Anne Clifford, the then owner of Brougham Castle,[8] the work being completed the following year.[9]

Ninekirks tended to be used when the chapel at Brougham Hall was unavailable. For example, from 1764 until the 1840s Ninekirks was used for weddings because Brougham Chapel was in need of repair work. Ninekirks was itself repaired in the 1840s. The porch was added in 1841[10] and tombs within the church were excavated in 1846 when the church was being repaired. According to Brougham (1847) these included those of Udard (or Odard) de Broham (died c.1185) and Gilbert de Broham (died c.1230). Despite the repair work, the church was poorly maintained when George Shaw visited in 1847.[11]

The church had a brief golden age in the early 1950s when the Rector was Canon Bouch. His publications in the Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society (in 1947,[12] 1950[2] and 1955 (twice)[13][14]) demonstrate his interest. It was made redundant in 1977[15] and is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.

Hatchments

[edit]

The church contains three hatchments:[16]

  • Elizabeth Richmond (died 1729) and Peter Brougham (died 1732)
  • Eleanora Syme (died 1839) who married Henry Brougham (died 1810), father of the 1st Baron
  • Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux (died 1868) and Mary Anne Eden (died 1865)

Archaeology

[edit]

The church and its area have been the subject of at least four archaeological investigations:

  • Excavations took place inside the church during the repairs in the 1840s (Brougham, 1847) when some ancient tombs were investigated.
  • Excavations at Isis Parlis in 1913[17] aiming to find out how the caves had formed and how they had been used.
  • The coin hoard was discovered in 1914[13]
  • Crop marks were observed in a 1968 aerial photograph[18] consistent with a small monastic site.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to St Ninian's Brougham.
  1. ^ "St Ninian's Church, Brougham, Cumbria". Churches Conservation Trust. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Bouch C.M.L. (1950). "Ninekirks, Brougham". Transactions of the CWAAS. 50. CWAAS: 80–90. doi:10.5284/1062764. ISSN 0309-7986.
  3. ^ "Church of St Ninian". HeritageGateway. English Heritage. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  4. ^ Simpson D. (1958). "Brovacum, Ninekirks and Brougham: a study in continuity". Transactions of the CWAAS. 58. CWAAS: 68–87. doi:10.5284/1062518. ISSN 0309-7986.
  5. ^ Casey P.J. (1978). "The Ninekirks (Brougham) Hoard: a reconsideration". Transactions of the CWAAS. 78. CWAAS: 23–28. doi:10.5284/1061929. ISSN 0309-7986.
  6. ^ Lees T. (1879). "St Ninian's Church, Brougham". Transactions of the CWAAS. 4. CWAAS: 670–695. doi:10.5284/1064692. ISSN 0309-7986.
  7. ^ Jones G.P. (1973). "Doubts about the Brittonic derivation of some Westmorland place names". Transactions of the CWAAS. 23. CWAAS: 358. doi:10.5284/1062038. ISSN 0309-7986.
  8. ^ Clifford, Lady Anne (2003). Clifford D.J.H. (ed.). The diaries of Lady Anne Clifford. Strout: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7509-3178-6.
  9. ^ "Old Midsummer Day service at "hidden church" of Ninekirks". Cumberland & Westmorland Herald. 9 July 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  10. ^ RCHM (1936). An inventory of the historical monuments in Westmorland. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office.
  11. ^ Shaw G. (1848). "A visit to Brougham Hall". Gentleman's Magazine. p. 369 onwards.
  12. ^ Bouch C.M.L. (1947). "St Ninian's Church, Brougham". Transactions of the CWAAS. 14. CWAAS: 243. ISSN 0309-7986.
  13. ^ a b Bouch C.M.L. & Kent J.P.C. (1955). "A dark-age coin-hoard from Ninekirks, Brougham". Transactions of the CWAAS. 55. CWAAS: 108–111. doi:10.5284/1062605. ISSN 0309-7986.
  14. ^ Bouch C.M.L. (1955). "The dedication of Brougham Chapel". Transactions of the CWAAS. 55. CWAAS: 329–330. doi:10.5284/1062582. ISSN 0309-7986.
  15. ^ "Ninekirks at Brougham may become redundant". Cumberland and Westmorland Herald. 14 August 1976. p. 1.
  16. ^ Boumphrey R.S. (1980). "Cumberland and Westmorland". In Summers P.G. (ed.). Hatchments in Britain 3: The Northern Counties, Cumberland, Westmorland and Durham, Northumberland, Lancashire and Yorkshire. London: Phillimore & Co. ISBN 978-0-85033-329-9.
  17. ^ Heelis A.J. (1914). "The caves known as Isis Parlis". Transactions of the CWAAS. 14. CWAAS: 337–342. doi:10.5284/1063749. ISSN 0309-7986.
  18. ^ St Joseph, J.K.S. (November 1978). "Aerial reconnaissance: recent results". Antiquity. 52 (206): 236–238. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00105617. S2CID 166570620.
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