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*Ronde*, bookplate on the *Encyclopédie*, by calligrapher Charles Paillasson

Ronde ('round' in French) is a kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look.^[1] It appeared in France at the end of the 16th century, growing out from a late local variant of Gothic cursive influenced by North Italian Renaissance types in Rotunda, a bookish round Gothic style, as well as Civilité, also a late French variant of Gothic cursive. It was popularized by writing masters such as Louis Barbedor in the 17th century.

While this style of writing fell out of popularity after the invention of a mass-produced pointed pen from steel in the early 19th century, in the 1870s Friedrich Soennecken reintroduced it again (this time with a steel broad-nibbed pen) in the modified form of his Rundschrift. It was still in wide use until the 20th century because it was used in French school manuals to teach the bases of cursive writing, and was also commonly used by the scribes of the French Ministry of Finance until right after World War II,^[2] which gave this style the name of écriture ronde financière ('round financial writing', not to be confused with the financière writing style).^[3]

The classic French rondes were also very present in the work of 18th century type founder and calligrapher Nicholas Gando, which has been revived for the digital medium by way of the French 111 font.^[4]

Notes and references

^ Webster's Dictionary. 1913.
^ Smith, Marc H. (2008). "Du manuscrit à la typographie numérique : présent et avenir des écritures anciennes". Gazette du Livre Médiéval. 52 (52–53). French National Centre for Scientific Research: 51–78. doi:10.3406/galim.2008.1777.
^ Nesbitt, Alexander (1957). The history and technique of lettering. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 9780486204277. OCLC 654540.
^ Published by the Bitstream type foundry in 1970.

[1] Webster's Dictionary. 1913.

[2] Smith, Marc H. (2008). "Du manuscrit à la typographie numérique : présent et avenir des écritures anciennes". Gazette du Livre Médiéval. 52 (52–53). French National Centre for Scientific Research: 51–78. doi:10.3406/galim.2008.1777.

[3] Nesbitt, Alexander (1957). The history and technique of lettering. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 9780486204277. OCLC 654540.

[4] Published by the Bitstream type foundry in 1970.

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-{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{Lang|fr|Ronde|nocat=y}} script (calligraphy)}}
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{Lang|fr|Ronde|nocat=y}} script}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
 [[File:EcritureRonde-Encyclopedie.jpg|thumb|{{Lang|fr|Ronde}}, bookplate on the {{Lang|fr|Encyclopédie}}, by calligrapher {{Lang|fr|[[Charles Paillasson]]|italic=no}}]]
 [[File:Ronde-Proportions.jpg|thumb|Proportions of {{lang|fr|ronde}} script]]
-'''{{Lang|fr|Ronde}}''' ('round' in [[French language|French]]) is a kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look.<ref>{{cite book |year=1913 |title=Webster's Dictionary |language=English }}</ref> It appeared in France at the end of the 16th century, and was popularized by writing masters such as {{lang|fr|[[Louis Barbedor]]|italic=no}} in the 17th century. In its original form, it borrowed some of its letterforms from the [[Rotunda (script)|round Gothic style]].
+'''{{Lang|fr|Ronde}}''' ('round' in [[French language|French]]) is a kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look.<ref>{{cite book |year=1913 |title=Webster's Dictionary |language=English }}</ref> It appeared in France at the end of the 16th century, growing out from a late local variant of Gothic cursive influenced by North Italian Renaissance types in [[Rotunda (script)|Rotunda]], a bookish round Gothic style, as well as {{lang|fr|[[Civilité]]|italic=no}}, also a late French variant of Gothic cursive. It was popularized by writing masters such as {{lang|fr|[[Louis Barbedor]]|italic=no}} in the 17th century.
-While this style of writing fell out of popularity after the invention of a mass-produced pointed [[Dip pen|pen from steel]] in early 19th century, in 1870s [[Friedrich Soennecken]] reintroduced it again (this time with a steel broad-nibbed pen) in the modified form of his ''Rundschrift''. It was still in wide use until the 20th century because it was used in French school manuals to teach the bases of cursive writing, and was also commonly used by the scribes of the [[French Ministry of Finance]] until right after World War II,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Marc H. |year=2008 |title=Du manuscrit à la typographie numérique&thinsp;: présent et avenir des écritures anciennes |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00646804/ |journal=Gazette du Livre Médiéval |publisher=[[French National Centre for Scientific Research]] |issue=52–53 |pages=51–78 |doi=10.3406/galim.2008.1777 }}</ref> which gave this style the name of {{lang|fr|écriture ronde finnancière}} ('round financial writing', not to be confused with the {{lang|fr|financière}} writing style).<ref>{{Cite book |title=The history and technique of lettering |last=Nesbitt |first=Alexander |date=1957 |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=9780486204277 |location=New York |oclc=654540 }}</ref>
+While this style of writing fell out of popularity after the invention of a mass-produced pointed [[dip pen|pen from steel]] in the early 19th century, in the 1870s [[Friedrich Soennecken]] reintroduced it again (this time with a steel broad-nibbed pen) in the modified form of his {{lang|de|Rundschrift}}. It was still in wide use until the 20th century because it was used in French school manuals to teach the bases of cursive writing, and was also commonly used by the scribes of the [[French Ministry of Finance]] until right after World War II,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Marc H. |year=2008 |title=Du manuscrit à la typographie numérique&thinsp;: présent et avenir des écritures anciennes |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00646804/ |journal=Gazette du Livre Médiéval |volume=52 |publisher=[[French National Centre for Scientific Research]] |issue=52–53 |pages=51–78 |doi=10.3406/galim.2008.1777 }}</ref> which gave this style the name of {{lang|fr|écriture ronde financière}} ('round financial writing', not to be confused with the {{lang|fr|financière}} writing style).<ref>{{Cite book |title=The history and technique of lettering |last=Nesbitt |first=Alexander |date=1957 |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=9780486204277 |location=New York |oclc=654540 }}</ref>
-The classic French {{lang|fr|rondes}} where also very present in the work of 18th century type founder and calligrapher {{lang|fr|[[Nicholas Gando]]|italic=no}}, which has been revived for the digital medium by way of the French 111 font.<ref>Published by the [[Bitstream]] type foundry in 1970.</ref>
+The classic French {{lang|fr|rondes}} were also very present in the work of 18th century type founder and calligrapher {{lang|fr|[[Nicholas Gando]]|italic=no}}, which has been revived for the digital medium by way of the French 111 font.<ref>Published by the [[Bitstream_Inc|Bitstream]] type foundry in 1970.</ref>
+==See also==
+{{portal|Writing}}
+{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
+*[[Asemic writing]]
+*[[Bastarda]]
+*[[Blackletter]]
+*[[Book hand]]
+*[[Calligraphy]]
+*[[Chancery hand]]
+*[[Court hand]] (also known as common law hand, Anglicana, cursiva antiquior, or charter hand)
+*[[Cursive]]
+*[[Hand (writing style)]]
+*[[Handwriting]]
+*[[History of writing]]
+*[[Italic script]]
+*[[Law hand]]
+*[[Palaeography]]
+*[[Penmanship]]
+*[[Rotunda (script)]]
+*[[Round hand]]
+*[[Secretary hand]]
+{{div col end}}
 == Notes and references ==
 {{Reflist}}
-{{Typography-stub}}
 {{European calligraphy}}
-[[Category:Writing]]
+[[Category:Handwriting script]]
 [[Category:Latin-script calligraphy]]
-[[Category:Palaeography]]
 [[Category:Western calligraphy]]

v t e Types of handwritten European scripts
Ancient and medieval	Roman Rustic Uncial Visigothic Merovingian Carolingian Insular script Beneventan Blackletter Rotunda Bastarda Georgian Greek Early Cyrillic Ustav Poluustav Serbian Cyrillic Bosančica Glagolitic Angular Court hand Lombardic
Modern	Cursive Chancery Johannine Humanist Italic Round Secretary Library Technical lettering Copperplate Spencerian Ronde Kurrent Russian cursive Skoropis (Ukrainian skoropys) Shorthand
Teaching scripts	Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting D'Nealian Getty-Dubay Italic Grundschrift Palmer Sütterlin Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift Zaner-Bloser