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{{Short description|Underground communist party in Afghanistan}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} |
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{{Primary sources|date=January 2011}} |
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{{infobox Political Party |
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{{Infobox political party |
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| ⚫ | The '''Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan''' ({{ |
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| abbreviation = C(M)PA |
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| ⚫ | The '''Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan''' ({{langx|prs|حزب کمونیست (مائوئیست) افغانستان}}, ''Hizb-i Komunist (Ma'uist) Afğānistān''), previously known as the '''Communist Party of Afghanistan''', is an underground [[communist party]] in [[Afghanistan]] oriented around [[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism]] (MLM). The party was founded in 2004 through the merger of five MLM parties. It was a member of the [[Revolutionary Internationalist Movement]] (RIM). |
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During the U.S.-led occupation of Afghanistan from 2001 to 2021, the party's stated goal was to start a [[people's war]] in order to expel foreign forces from Afghanistan, with the ultimate goal of establishing a [[New Democracy|New Democratic]] society and socialism in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sholajawid.org/CPA%20Chairman%20on%20the%20Responsibilities%20of%20the%20Maoists.htm |title=CPA Chairman on the Responsibilities of the Maoists|accessdate=6 September 2006|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526101227/http://www.sholajawid.org/CPA%20Chairman%20on%20the%20Responsibilities%20of%20the%20Maoists.htm|website=www.sholajawid.org|archivedate=26 May 2006}}</ref> After the withdrawal of U.S.-led forces from Afghanistan and the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the [[Taliban]] in mid-2021, the party changed its primary goal to overthrowing the Taliban's government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Honor the Martyrs Day of Afghanistan's Maoist Movement |url=http://www.sholajawid.org/english/main_english/Honor%20the%20Martyrs%20Day_sh_28_D4.html |date=28 November 2021 |access-date=29 January 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303110850/http://www.sholajawid.org/english/main_english/Honor%20the%20Martyrs%20Day_sh_28_D4.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The first communist organization in Afghanistan, [[Progressive Youth Organization]] (PYO) was formed in 1965. There were daily demonstrations, and street fighting between students, workers, and social justice activists and police and armed forces of [[Mohammed Zahir Shah|King Zahir Shah]]. These struggles led to the formation of the PYO. A few circles of intellectuals and political activists came together to form the first communist organization to work for the goal of revolution in Afghanistan. [[Akram Yari]], a Maoist, was the leader of one these circles, who played a prominent role in the formation of PYO.<ref>{{cite |
The first communist organization in Afghanistan, [[Progressive Youth Organization]] (PYO) was formed in 1965. There were daily demonstrations, and street fighting between students, workers, and social justice activists and police and armed forces of [[Mohammed Zahir Shah|King Zahir Shah]]. These struggles led to the formation of the PYO. A few circles of intellectuals and political activists came together to form the first communist organization to work for the goal of revolution in Afghanistan. [[Akram Yari]], a Maoist, was the leader of one these circles, who played a prominent role in the formation of PYO.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.awtw.org/current_issues/afrgan.htm|title=Afghanistan Maoists Unite in a Single Party|accessdate=6 September 2006|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825084529/http://www.awtw.org/current_issues/afrgan.htm |archivedate=25 August 2006|journal=A World to Win}}</ref> |
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PYO remained an underground organization. The PYO leaders published a magazine called ''Sholaye Jawid''. ''Sholaye Jawid'' claimed to be a new-democratic journal, which was widely and openly circulated. After publishing 11 issues, Sholaye Jawid was seized by government and its publication banned. The government of the time used law enforcement and Islamic fundamentalists against ''Sholaye Jawid'' supporters. These government tactics led to physical confrontation between those who supported the Maoists and those who were against the Maoists, that resulted to the death of a prominent Maoist student leader [[Saydal Sokhandan]], who was assassinated by [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]] on the [[Kabul University]] campus. Gulbadin Hekmatyar later became the leader of the [[Islamic Party of Afghanistan]], who has been a key ally of the United States in the past.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} |
PYO remained an underground organization. The PYO leaders published a magazine called ''Sholaye Jawid''. ''Sholaye Jawid'' claimed to be a new-democratic journal, which was widely and openly circulated. After publishing 11 issues, Sholaye Jawid was seized by government and its publication banned. The government of the time used law enforcement and Islamic fundamentalists against ''Sholaye Jawid'' supporters. These government tactics led to physical confrontation between those who supported the Maoists and those who were against the Maoists, that resulted to the death of a prominent Maoist student leader [[Saydal Sokhandan]], who was assassinated by [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]] on the [[Kabul University]] campus. Gulbadin Hekmatyar later became the leader of the [[Islamic Party of Afghanistan]], who has been a key ally of the United States in the past.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} |
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When the [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan]] (PDPA) came to power in [[Saur Revolution|a military coup]] in 1978, the PDPA regime declared their number one enemy to be the PYO-led Maoist movement.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} All people belonging to the Maoist movement were arrested and killed indiscriminately. Thousands of Maoists and their allies were killed. The leaderless remnants of the Maoist movement formed several organizations to fight the PDPA regime and resist the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]]. During this period, some communist groups became more closely aligned with Islamic [[mujahideen]] groups of a type they had previously opposed. |
When the [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan]] (PDPA) came to power in [[Saur Revolution|a military coup]] in 1978, the PDPA regime declared their number one enemy to be the PYO-led Maoist movement.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} All people belonging to the Maoist movement were arrested and killed indiscriminately. Thousands of Maoists and their allies were killed. The leaderless remnants of the Maoist movement formed several organizations to fight the PDPA regime and resist the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]]. During this period, some communist groups became more closely aligned with Islamic [[mujahideen]] groups of a type they had previously opposed.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} |
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The hardline Maoist organisations detached themselves from those who cooperated with the mujahideen, and in the late 1980s these groups formed the [[Revolutionary Communist Cell of Afghanistan]] (RCCA). The RCCA along with others formed the [[Revolutionary Communist Organization of Afghanistan]] (RCOA), which in 1991 proclaimed the establishment of the Communist Party of Afghanistan (CPA). The CPA renewed publication of ''Sholaye Jawid'', stating their intent to follow in the footsteps of the PYO and its founder [[Akram Yari]]. |
The hardline Maoist organisations detached themselves from those who cooperated with the mujahideen, and in the late 1980s these groups formed the [[Revolutionary Communist Cell of Afghanistan]] (RCCA). The RCCA along with others formed the [[Revolutionary Communist Organization of Afghanistan]] (RCOA), which in 1991 proclaimed the establishment of the Communist Party of Afghanistan (CPA). The CPA renewed publication of ''Sholaye Jawid'', stating their intent to follow in the footsteps of the PYO and its founder [[Akram Yari]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Political parties in Afghanistan}} |
{{Political parties in Afghanistan}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist (Maoist) Party Of Afghanistan}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist (Maoist) Party Of Afghanistan}} |
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[[Category:Communist militant groups]] |
[[Category:Communist militant groups]] |
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[[Category:Communist parties in Afghanistan]] |
[[Category:Communist parties in Afghanistan]] |
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[[Category:Political parties established in 2004]] |
[[Category:Political parties established in 2004]] |
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[[Category:Rebel groups in Afghanistan]] |
[[Category:Rebel groups in Afghanistan]] |
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[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Afghanistan]] |
[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Afghanistan]] |
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[[Category:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement]] |
[[Category:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:47, 25 November 2024
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Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan حزب کمونیست (مائوئیست) افغانستان | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | C(M)PA |
| Founded | 2004 |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-left |
| International affiliation | Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (defunct) |
| Party flag | |
_Party_of_Afghanistan.svg) | |
| Website | |
| www | |
The Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan (Dari: حزب کمونیست (مائوئیست) افغانستان, Hizb-i Komunist (Ma'uist) Afğānistān), previously known as the Communist Party of Afghanistan, is an underground communist party in Afghanistan oriented around Marxism–Leninism–Maoism (MLM). The party was founded in 2004 through the merger of five MLM parties. It was a member of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM).
During the U.S.-led occupation of Afghanistan from 2001 to 2021, the party's stated goal was to start a people's war in order to expel foreign forces from Afghanistan, with the ultimate goal of establishing a New Democratic society and socialism in the country.[1] After the withdrawal of U.S.-led forces from Afghanistan and the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban in mid-2021, the party changed its primary goal to overthrowing the Taliban's government.[2]
History
[edit]The first communist organization in Afghanistan, Progressive Youth Organization (PYO) was formed in 1965. There were daily demonstrations, and street fighting between students, workers, and social justice activists and police and armed forces of King Zahir Shah. These struggles led to the formation of the PYO. A few circles of intellectuals and political activists came together to form the first communist organization to work for the goal of revolution in Afghanistan. Akram Yari, a Maoist, was the leader of one these circles, who played a prominent role in the formation of PYO.[3]
PYO remained an underground organization. The PYO leaders published a magazine called Sholaye Jawid. Sholaye Jawid claimed to be a new-democratic journal, which was widely and openly circulated. After publishing 11 issues, Sholaye Jawid was seized by government and its publication banned. The government of the time used law enforcement and Islamic fundamentalists against Sholaye Jawid supporters. These government tactics led to physical confrontation between those who supported the Maoists and those who were against the Maoists, that resulted to the death of a prominent Maoist student leader Saydal Sokhandan, who was assassinated by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar on the Kabul University campus. Gulbadin Hekmatyar later became the leader of the Islamic Party of Afghanistan, who has been a key ally of the United States in the past.[citation needed]
When the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) came to power in a military coup in 1978, the PDPA regime declared their number one enemy to be the PYO-led Maoist movement.[citation needed] All people belonging to the Maoist movement were arrested and killed indiscriminately. Thousands of Maoists and their allies were killed. The leaderless remnants of the Maoist movement formed several organizations to fight the PDPA regime and resist the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. During this period, some communist groups became more closely aligned with Islamic mujahideen groups of a type they had previously opposed.[citation needed]
The hardline Maoist organisations detached themselves from those who cooperated with the mujahideen, and in the late 1980s these groups formed the Revolutionary Communist Cell of Afghanistan (RCCA). The RCCA along with others formed the Revolutionary Communist Organization of Afghanistan (RCOA), which in 1991 proclaimed the establishment of the Communist Party of Afghanistan (CPA). The CPA renewed publication of Sholaye Jawid, stating their intent to follow in the footsteps of the PYO and its founder Akram Yari.
Following the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, the CPA called on the Maoist organizations to unite in a single, united Maoist party. For that purpose the CPA with four other Maoist organizations formed the Unity Committee of Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Movement of Afghanistan. The Unity Committee after three years of ideological and political struggle went for the Unity Congress of the Communist (MLM) Movement. The Unity Congress was concluded on 1 May 2004 and the Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan was formed.
References
[edit]- ^ "CPA Chairman on the Responsibilities of the Maoists". www.sholajawid.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2006.
- ^ "Honor the Martyrs Day of Afghanistan's Maoist Movement". 28 November 2021. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
- ^ "Afghanistan Maoists Unite in a Single Party". A World to Win. Archived from the original on 25 August 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2006.
External links
[edit]| International | |
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| National | |
- 2004 establishments in Afghanistan
- Communist militant groups
- Communist parties in Afghanistan
- Banned communist parties
- Maoist parties
- Clandestine groups
- Political parties established in 2004
- Rebel groups in Afghanistan
- Paramilitary organisations based in Afghanistan
- Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
- Maoist organisations in Afghanistan