Mallotus (plant): Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Genus of flowering plants in the spurge family}} |
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{{About|the plant|the fish genus| |
{{About|the plant|the fish genus|Mallotus (fish)}} |
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{{redirect|Trevia|the place in the United Kingdom|Trevia, Cornwall}} |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mallotus'' (plant)}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mallotus'' (plant)}} |
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{{taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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|display_parents = 3 |
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|regnum = [[Plant]]ae |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |
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|ordo = [[Malpighiales]] |
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|familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]] |
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|subfamilia = [[Acalyphoideae]] |
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|tribus = [[Acalypheae]] |
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|subtribus = [[Rottlerinae]] |
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|genus = '''''Mallotus''''' |
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*''Aconceveibum'' <small>[[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]</small> |
*''Aconceveibum'' <small>[[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]</small> |
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*''Adisa'' <small>Steud.</small> |
*''Adisa'' <small>Steud.</small> |
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*''Coccoceras'' <small>Miq.</small> |
*''Coccoceras'' <small>Miq.</small> |
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*''Coelodiscus'' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small> |
*''Coelodiscus'' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small> |
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*''Echinocroton'' <small>[[F. |
*''Echinocroton'' <small>[[F.Muell.]]</small> |
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*''Echinus'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small> |
*''Echinus'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small> |
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*''Lasipana'' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz|Raf.]]</small> |
*''Lasipana'' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz|Raf.]]</small> |
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*''Rottlera'' <small>[[Roxb.]]</small> |
*''Rottlera'' <small>[[Roxb.]]</small> |
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*''Stylanthus'' <small>[[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]] & [[Heinrich Zollinger|Zoll.]]</small> |
*''Stylanthus'' <small>[[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]] & [[Heinrich Zollinger|Zoll.]]</small> |
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*''Trewia'' <small>L.</small> {{efn | One [[anagram]] of this genus name yields ''[[Wetriaria]]'', another genus of Euphorbiaceae.<ref name="Burkhardt2018">{{Cite book |last=Burkhardt |first=Lotte |title=Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes – Édition augmentée |date=2018-06-06 |publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin |page=A7 |isbn=978-3-946292-26-5 |language=de |doi=10.3372/epolist2018 |s2cid=187926901 }}</ref>}} |
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*''Trewia'' <small>L.</small> |
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}} |
}} |
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[[Image:Mallo mollis 170808-5307819 cmp.JPG|thumb|120px|''[[Mallotus mollissimus]]'']] |
[[Image:Mallo mollis 170808-5307819 cmp.JPG|thumb|120px|''[[Mallotus mollissimus]]'']] |
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[[Image:Mallo panic 110212-12210 cmp.JPG|thumb|120px|''[[Mallotus paniculatus]]'']] |
[[Image:Mallo panic 110212-12210 cmp.JPG|thumb|120px|''[[Mallotus paniculatus]]'']] |
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'''''Mallotus''''' is a genus of the spurge family [[Euphorbiaceae]] first described as a genus in 1790.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/654294#page/247/mode/1up Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635]</ref> Two [[species]] (''[[Mallotus oppositifolius|M. oppositifolius]]'' and ''[[Mallotus subulatus|M. subulatus]]'') are found in [[tropical]] |
'''''Mallotus''''' is a genus of the spurge family [[Euphorbiaceae]] first described as a genus in 1790.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/654294#page/247/mode/1up Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635]</ref> Two [[species]] (''[[Mallotus oppositifolius|M. oppositifolius]]'' and ''[[Mallotus subulatus|M. subulatus]]'') are found in [[tropical]] Africa and [[Madagascar]], while all others are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific.<ref name=n/><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=119552 Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 <big>野桐属</big> ye tong shu ''Mallotus'' Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790. ]</ref><ref>Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref>Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of ''Mallotus'' section ''Mallotus'' (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249–274.</ref> The genus has about 150 species of [[dioecious]] trees or shrubs.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1071/BT12202|title=Wind and insect pollination (Ambophily) of ''Mallotus'' spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests|year=2013|last1=Yamasaki|first1=Eri|last2=Sakai|first2=Shoko|journal=Australian Journal of Botany|volume=61|page=60|hdl=2433/173327|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
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==Fossil record== |
==Fossil record== |
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''Mallotus'' macrofossils have been recovered from the late [[Zanclean]] stage of [[Pliocene]] sites in [[Pocapaglia]], [[Italy]].<ref>Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, |
''Mallotus'' macrofossils have been recovered from the late [[Zanclean]] stage of [[Pliocene]] sites in [[Pocapaglia]], [[Italy]].<ref>Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105–121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.</ref> |
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== |
==Uses== |
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''Mallotus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Endoclita malabaricus]]''. The [[Mallotus philippensis|Kamala tree]] (''Mallotus philippensis'') has |
''Mallotus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Endoclita malabaricus]]''. The [[Mallotus philippensis|Kamala tree]] (''Mallotus philippensis'') has seed capsules which are the source of a yellow [[dye]] (Kamala dye) and were formerly a [[herbal remedy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banato / Mallotus philippensis / Kamala |url=http://www.stuartxchange.com/Banato.html |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Philippine Medicinal Herbs}}</ref> |
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== |
==Species== |
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Source:<ref name=n/> |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
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# ''[[Mallotus actinoneurus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus actinoneurus]]'' – S Thailand, W Malaysia |
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# ''[[Mallotus anomalus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus anomalus]]'' – [[Hainan]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus apelta]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus apelta]]'' – S China |
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# ''[[Mallotus atrovirens]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus atrovirens]]'' – SW India |
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# ''[[Mallotus attenuatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus attenuatus]]'' – Papua New Guinea |
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# ''[[Mallotus aureopunctatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus aureopunctatus]]'' – India |
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# ''[[Mallotus barbatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus barbatus]]'' – India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W Indonesia |
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# ''[[Mallotus beddomei]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus beddomei]]'' – SW India |
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# ''[[Mallotus blumeanus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus blumeanus]]'' – Java, Sumatra |
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# ''[[Mallotus brachythyrsus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus brachythyrsus]]'' – Sarawak, Kalimantan |
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# ''[[Mallotus brevipetiolatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus brevipetiolatus]]'' – S Thailand, W Malaysia |
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# ''[[Mallotus calocarpus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus calocarpus]]'' – S Thailand |
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# ''[[Mallotus cambodianus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus cambodianus]]'' – Cambodia |
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# ''[[Mallotus canii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus canii]]'' – Vietnam |
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# ''[[Mallotus caudatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus caudatus]]'' – Borneo |
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# ''[[Mallotus cauliflorus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus cauliflorus]]'' – [[Luzon]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus chromocarpus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus chromocarpus]]'' – Papua New Guinea |
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# ''[[Mallotus chuyenii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus chuyenii]]'' – Vietnam |
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# ''[[Mallotus claoxyloides]]''- E Australia, Papua New Guinea |
# ''[[Mallotus claoxyloides]]''- E Australia, Papua New Guinea |
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# ''[[Mallotus concinnus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus concinnus]]'' – [[Kelantan]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus confusus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus confusus]]'' – Philippines |
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# ''[[Mallotus connatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus connatus]]'' – Philippines, Borneo |
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# ''[[Mallotus coudercii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus coudercii]]'' – Indochina |
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# ''[[Mallotus cumingii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus cumingii]]'' (''Trevia ambigua'') – Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi |
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# ''[[Mallotus darbyshirei]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus darbyshirei]]'' – Papua New Guinea |
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# ''[[Mallotus decipiens]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus decipiens]]'' – Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia |
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# ''[[Mallotus didymochryseus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus didymochryseus]]'' – New Guinea |
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# ''[[Mallotus discolor]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus discolor]]'' – E Australia |
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# ''[[Mallotus dispar]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus dispar]]'' – Indochina, W Malaysia, W Indonesia |
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# ''[[Mallotus dispersus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus dispersus]]'' – N Australia |
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# ''[[Mallotus distans]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus distans]]'' – S India, Sri Lanka |
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# ''[[Mallotus dunnii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus dunnii]]'' – [[Fujian]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus eberhardtii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus eberhardtii]]'' – Vietnam |
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# ''[[Mallotus eriocarpus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus eriocarpus]]'' – Sri Lanka, W Malaysia |
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# ''[[Mallotus eximius]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus eximius]]'' – Borneo, W Malaysia |
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# ''[[Mallotus ficifolius]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus ficifolius]]'' – Queensland |
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# ''[[Mallotus floribundus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus floribundus]]'' – SE Asia, Papuasia |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus furetianus]]'' – Hainan, China |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus fuscescens]]'' – Sri Lanka |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus garrettii]]'' – N Laos, N Thailand |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus glabriusculus]]'' – Indochina |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus glomerulatus]]'' – NE Thailand |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus grossedentatus]]'' – [[Hainan]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus hanheoensis]]'' – Vietnam |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus havilandii]]'' – Sarawak |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus hispidospinosus]]'' – Thailand, Myanmar |
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# ''[[Mallotus |
# ''[[Mallotus hymenophyllus]]'' – S Thailand |
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# ''[[Mallotus insularum]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus illudens]]'' – S China |
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# ''[[Mallotus insularum]]'' – [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]], [[Lesser Sunda Islands]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus intercedens]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus intercedens]]'' – India |
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# ''[[Mallotus japonicus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus japonicus]]'' – Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands |
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# ''[[Mallotus khasianus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus khasianus]]'' – [[Assam]], Indochina, S China |
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# ''[[Mallotus kongkandae]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus kongkandae]]'' – [[Yunnan]], N Thailand |
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# ''[[Mallotus korthalsii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus korthalsii]]'' – Philippines, Malaysia, W Indonesia |
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# ''[[Mallotus kweichowensis]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus kweichowensis]]'' – [[Guizhou]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus lackeyi]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus lackeyi]]'' – Borneo, Philippines |
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# ''[[Mallotus lanceolatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus lanceolatus]]'' – S China, Indochina |
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# ''[[Mallotus lancifolius]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus lancifolius]]'' – [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands|Andaman & Nicobar Is]], Malaysia, W Indonesia |
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# ''[[Mallotus lappaceus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus lappaceus]]'' – Myanmar |
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# ''[[Mallotus lauterbachianus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus lauterbachianus]]'' – New Guinea |
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# ''[[Mallotus leptostachyus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus leptostachyus]]'' – S Myanmar, S Thailand |
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# ''[[Mallotus leucocalyx]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus leucocalyx]]'' – SE Asia |
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# ''[[Mallotus leucocarpus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus leucocarpus]]'' – [[Assam]], Myanmar |
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# ''[[Mallotus leucodermis]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus leucodermis]]'' – S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra |
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# ''[[Mallotus lianus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus lianus]]'' – [[Guangdong]], [[Fujian]], [[Zhejiang]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus longinervis]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus longinervis]]'' – Sarawak |
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# ''[[Mallotus longipes]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus longipes]]'' – Myanmar |
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# ''[[Mallotus macrostachyus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus macrostachyus]]'' – S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra |
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# ''[[Mallotus macularis]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus macularis]]'' – New Guinea |
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# ''[[Mallotus megadontus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus megadontus]]'' – Queensland |
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# ''[[Mallotus metcalfianus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus metcalfianus]]'' – N Thailand, Vietnam, [[Guangxi]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus microcarpus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus microcarpus]]'' – S China |
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# ''[[Mallotus millietii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus millietii]]'' – [[Guizhou]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus minimifructus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus minimifructus]]'' – Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines |
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# ''[[Mallotus miquelianus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus miquelianus]]'' – Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra |
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# ''[[Mallotus mirus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus mirus]]'' – Thailand |
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# ''[[Mallotus mollissimus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus mollissimus]]'' – Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland |
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# ''[[Mallotus monanthos]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus monanthos]]'' – [[Pahang]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus montanus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus montanus]]'' – S Thailand, W Malaysia |
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# ''[[Mallotus muticus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus muticus]]'' – Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra |
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# ''[[Mallotus myanmaricus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus myanmaricus]]'' – Myanmar |
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# ''[[Mallotus nanus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus nanus]]'' – Laos, Cambodia |
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# ''[[Mallotus neocavaleriei]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus neocavaleriei]]'' – [[Guizhou]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus nepalensis]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus nepalensis]]'' – Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan |
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# ''[[Mallotus nesophilus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus nesophilus]]'' – N Australia |
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# ''[[Mallotus nudiflorus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus nudiflorus]]'' (''Trevia nudiflora'', ''Trevia integerrima'') – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China |
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# ''[[Mallotus oppositifolius]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus oppositifolius]]'' – Madagascar, tropical Africa |
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# ''[[Mallotus oreophilus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus oreophilus]]'' – [[Yunnan]], [[Sikkim]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus pachypodus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus pachypodus]]'' – Myanmar |
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# ''[[Mallotus pallidus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus pallidus]]'' – S Thailand |
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# ''[[Mallotus paniculatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus paniculatus]]'' – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia |
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# ''[[Mallotus peltatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus peltatus]]'' – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia |
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# ''[[Mallotus philippensis]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus philippensis]]'' – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands |
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# ''[[Mallotus pierrei]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus pierrei]]'' – Thailand, Vietnam |
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# ''[[Mallotus pleiogynus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus pleiogynus]]'' – New Guinea |
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# ''[[Mallotus plicatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus plicatus]]'' – Indochina |
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# ''[[Mallotus poilanei]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus poilanei]]'' – Vietnam |
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# ''[[Mallotus polyadenos]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus polyadenos]]'' – New Guinea, Queensland |
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# ''[[Mallotus polycarpus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus polycarpus]]'' – W India |
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# ''[[Mallotus puber]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus puber]]'' – Solomon Islands |
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# ''[[Mallotus repandus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus repandus]]'' – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia |
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# ''[[Mallotus resinosus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus resinosus]]'' – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland |
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# ''[[Mallotus rhamnifolius]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus rhamnifolius]]'' – S India, Sri Lanka |
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# ''[[Mallotus roxburghianus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus roxburghianus]]'' – E Himalayas |
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# ''[[Mallotus rufidulus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus rufidulus]]'' – W Indonesia |
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# ''[[Mallotus sathavensis]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus sathavensis]]'' – Vietnam |
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# ''[[Mallotus sphaerocarpus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus sphaerocarpus]]'' – Sumatra |
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# ''[[Mallotus spinifructus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus spinifructus]]'' – Kalimantan |
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# ''[[Mallotus stewardii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus stewardii]]'' – E China |
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# ''[[Mallotus subcuneatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus subcuneatus]]'' – S Thailand, W Malaysia |
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# ''[[Mallotus subjaponicus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus subjaponicus]]'' – [[Anhui]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus subulatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus subulatus]]'' – W + C Africa |
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# ''[[Mallotus sumatranus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus sumatranus]]'' – Sumatra, Borneo |
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# ''[[Mallotus surculosus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus surculosus]]'' – [[Cape York Peninsula]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus taoyuanensis]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus taoyuanensis]]'' – [[Hunan]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus tetracoccus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus tetracoccus]]'' – Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, [[Yunnan]] |
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# ''[[Mallotus thorelii]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus thorelii]]'' – Indochina |
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# ''[[Mallotus thunbergianus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus thunbergianus]]'' – Sri Lanka |
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# ''[[Mallotus tiliifolius]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus tiliifolius]]'' – [[Hainan]], SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan |
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# ''[[Mallotus trinervius]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus trinervius]]'' – New Guinea |
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# ''[[Mallotus ustulatus]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus ustulatus]]'' – Cambodia |
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# ''[[Mallotus wrayi]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus wrayi]]'' – Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia |
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# ''[[Mallotus yunnanensis]]'' |
# ''[[Mallotus yunnanensis]]'' – [[Yunnan]] |
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}} |
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=== |
===Formerly included=== |
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Source:<ref name=n/> |
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moved to other genera |
Some species have been moved to other genera, namely: Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum [[Hancea]] Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis. |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
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# ''M. affinis |
# ''M. affinis – [[Macaranga lowii]]'' |
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# ''M. angulatus |
# ''M. angulatus – [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]'' |
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# ''M. angustifolius |
# ''M. angustifolius – [[Rockinghamia angustifolia]]'' |
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# ''M. arboreus |
# ''M. arboreus – [[Ptychopyxis arborea]]'' |
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# ''M. arboreus var. platyphyllus |
# ''M. arboreus var. platyphyllus – [[Ptychopyxis kingii]]'' |
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# ''M. auriculatus |
# ''M. auriculatus – [[Macaranga lowii]]'' |
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# ''M. baillonianus |
# ''M. baillonianus – [[Hancea acuminata]]'' |
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# ''M. brevipes'' <small>Merr. 1915</small> |
# ''M. brevipes'' <small>Merr. 1915</small> – ''[[Lasiococca brevipes]]'' |
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# ''M. brevipes'' <small>Pax ex Engl. 1895</small> |
# ''M. brevipes'' <small>Pax ex Engl. 1895</small> – ''[[Acalypha neptunica]]'' |
||
# ''M. calcosus |
# ''M. calcosus – [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]'' |
||
# ''M. calvus |
# ''M. calvus – [[Spathiostemon javensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. capensis |
# ''M. capensis – [[Macaranga capensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. capuronii |
# ''M. capuronii – [[Hancea capuronii]]'' |
||
# ''M. caput-medusae |
# ''M. caput-medusae – [[Ptychopyxis caput-medusae]]'' |
||
# ''M. cavaleriei |
# ''M. cavaleriei – [[Discocleidion rufescens]]'' |
||
# ''M. chrysanthus |
# ''M. chrysanthus – [[Ptychopyxis chrysantha]]'' |
||
# ''M. cordatifolius |
# ''M. cordatifolius – [[Hancea cordatifolia]]'' |
||
# ''M. dallachyi |
# ''M. dallachyi – [[Macaranga dallachyana]]'' |
||
# ''M. diadenus |
# ''M. diadenus – [[Endospermum diadenum]]'' |
||
# ''M. echinatus |
# ''M. echinatus – [[Hancea penangensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. eglandulosus |
# ''M. eglandulosus – [[Spathiostemon javensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. eucaustus |
# ''M. eucaustus – [[Hancea eucausta]]'' |
||
# ''M. geloniifolius |
# ''M. geloniifolius – [[Cleidion javanicum]]'' |
||
# ''M. glaberrimus |
# ''M. glaberrimus – [[Macaranga glaberrima]]'' |
||
# ''M. grandistipularis |
# ''M. grandistipularis – [[Hancea grandistipularis]]'' |
||
# ''M. griffithianus |
# ''M. griffithianus – [[Hancea griffithiana]]'' |
||
# ''M. hellwigianus |
# ''M. hellwigianus – [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]'' |
||
# ''M. henryi |
# ''M. henryi – [[Macaranga henryi]]'' |
||
# ''M. hirsutus |
# ''M. hirsutus – [[Hancea hirsuta]]'' |
||
# ''M. hollrungianus |
# ''M. hollrungianus – [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]'' |
||
# ''M. hookerianus |
# ''M. hookerianus – [[Hancea hookeriana]]'' |
||
# ''M. hookerianus var. papuanus |
# ''M. hookerianus var. papuanus – [[Hancea papuana]]'' |
||
# ''M. impar |
# ''M. impar – [[Hancea griffithiana]]'' |
||
# ''M. inamoenus |
# ''M. inamoenus – [[Macaranga inamoena]]'' |
||
# ''M. integrifolius |
# ''M. integrifolius – [[Hancea integrifolia]]'' |
||
# ''M. kingii |
# ''M. kingii – [[Hancea kingii]]'' |
||
# ''M. kunstleri |
# ''M. kunstleri – [[Chondrostylis kunstleri]]'' |
||
# ''M. kurzii |
# ''M. kurzii – [[Blumeodendron kurzii]]'' |
||
# ''M. leptophyllus |
# ''M. leptophyllus – [[Hancea penangensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. longistylus |
# ''M. longistylus – [[Hancea longistyla]]'' |
||
# ''M. maingayi |
# ''M. maingayi – [[Macaranga pruinosa]]'' |
||
# ''M. melleri |
# ''M. melleri – [[Neoboutonia melleri]]'' |
||
# ''M. minahassae |
# ''M. minahassae – [[Croton oblongus]]'' |
||
# ''M. moluccanus |
# ''M. moluccanus – [[Aleurites moluccanus]]'' |
||
# ''M. moluccanus var. glabratus |
# ''M. moluccanus var. glabratus – [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]'' |
||
# ''M. moluccanus var. pendulus |
# ''M. moluccanus var. pendulus – [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]'' |
||
# ''M. multiglandulosus |
# ''M. multiglandulosus – [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]'' |
||
# ''M. nitidus |
# ''M. nitidus – [[Cleidion nitidum]]'' |
||
# ''M. papuanus |
# ''M. papuanus – [[Hancea papuana]]'' |
||
# ''M. papuanus var. glabrescens |
# ''M. papuanus var. glabrescens – [[Hancea penangensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. papuanus var. intermedius |
# ''M. papuanus var. intermedius – Hancea penangensis'' |
||
# ''M. penangensis |
# ''M. penangensis – [[Hancea penangensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. populifolius |
# ''M. populifolius – [[Macaranga hemsleyana]]'' |
||
# ''M. preussii |
# ''M. preussii – [[Plukenetia conophora]]'' |
||
# ''M. pseudopenangensis |
# ''M. pseudopenangensis – [[Hancea penangensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. pseudoverticillatus |
# ''M. pseudoverticillatus – [[Lasiococca comberi]]'' |
||
# ''M. ramosii |
# ''M. ramosii – [[Cleidion ramosii]]'' |
||
# ''M. samarensis |
# ''M. samarensis – [[Cleidion ramosii]]'' |
||
# ''M. sarawakensis |
# ''M. sarawakensis – [[Hancea penangensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. speciosus |
# ''M. speciosus – [[Sumbaviopsis albicans]]'' |
||
# ''M. spinulosus |
# ''M. spinulosus – [[Hancea spinulosa]]'' |
||
# ''M. stipularis |
# ''M. stipularis – [[Hancea stipularis]]'' |
||
# ''M. subpeltatus |
# ''M. subpeltatus – [[Hancea subpeltata]]'' |
||
# ''M. tenuipes |
# ''M. tenuipes – [[Hancea penangensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. tsiangii |
# ''M. tsiangii – [[Macaranga lowii]]'' |
||
# ''M. vernicosus |
# ''M. vernicosus – [[Blumeodendron tokbrai]]'' |
||
# ''M. vitifolius |
# ''M. vitifolius – [[Melanolepis vitifolia]]'' |
||
# ''M. wenzelianus |
# ''M. wenzelianus – [[Hancea wenzeliana]]'' |
||
# ''M. woodii |
# ''M. woodii – [[Hancea griffithiana]]'' |
||
# ''M. xylacanthus |
# ''M. xylacanthus – [[Hancea penangensis]]'' |
||
# ''M. yifengensis |
# ''M. yifengensis – [[Croton lachnocarpus]]'' |
||
}} |
}} |
||
==Notes== |
|||
{{Notelist}} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
| Line 258: | Line 258: | ||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1205104}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1205104}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallotus (Plant)}} |
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[[Category:Mallotus (plant)| ]] |
[[Category:Mallotus (plant)| ]] |
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[[Category:Euphorbiaceae genera]] |
[[Category:Euphorbiaceae genera]] |
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[[Category:Dioecious plants]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:13, 25 November 2024
| Mallotus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Kamala tree (M. philippensis)[1] | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Acalyphoideae |
| Tribe: | Acalypheae |
| Subtribe: | Rottlerinae |
| Genus: | Mallotus Lour. |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790.[4] Two species (M. oppositifolius and M. subulatus) are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar, while all others are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific.[2][5][6][7] The genus has about 150 species of dioecious trees or shrubs.[8]
Fossil record
[edit]Mallotus macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy.[9]
Uses
[edit]Mallotus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. The Kamala tree (Mallotus philippensis) has seed capsules which are the source of a yellow dye (Kamala dye) and were formerly a herbal remedy.[10]
Species
[edit]Source:[2]
- Mallotus actinoneurus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
- Mallotus anomalus – Hainan
- Mallotus apelta – S China
- Mallotus atrovirens – SW India
- Mallotus attenuatus – Papua New Guinea
- Mallotus aureopunctatus – India
- Mallotus barbatus – India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W Indonesia
- Mallotus beddomei – SW India
- Mallotus blumeanus – Java, Sumatra
- Mallotus brachythyrsus – Sarawak, Kalimantan
- Mallotus brevipetiolatus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
- Mallotus calocarpus – S Thailand
- Mallotus cambodianus – Cambodia
- Mallotus canii – Vietnam
- Mallotus caudatus – Borneo
- Mallotus cauliflorus – Luzon
- Mallotus chromocarpus – Papua New Guinea
- Mallotus chuyenii – Vietnam
- Mallotus claoxyloides- E Australia, Papua New Guinea
- Mallotus concinnus – Kelantan
- Mallotus confusus – Philippines
- Mallotus connatus – Philippines, Borneo
- Mallotus coudercii – Indochina
- Mallotus cumingii (Trevia ambigua) – Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
- Mallotus darbyshirei – Papua New Guinea
- Mallotus decipiens – Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia
- Mallotus didymochryseus – New Guinea
- Mallotus discolor – E Australia
- Mallotus dispar – Indochina, W Malaysia, W Indonesia
- Mallotus dispersus – N Australia
- Mallotus distans – S India, Sri Lanka
- Mallotus dunnii – Fujian
- Mallotus eberhardtii – Vietnam
- Mallotus eriocarpus – Sri Lanka, W Malaysia
- Mallotus eximius – Borneo, W Malaysia
- Mallotus ficifolius – Queensland
- Mallotus floribundus – SE Asia, Papuasia
- Mallotus furetianus – Hainan, China
- Mallotus fuscescens – Sri Lanka
- Mallotus garrettii – N Laos, N Thailand
- Mallotus glabriusculus – Indochina
- Mallotus glomerulatus – NE Thailand
- Mallotus grossedentatus – Hainan
- Mallotus hanheoensis – Vietnam
- Mallotus havilandii – Sarawak
- Mallotus hispidospinosus – Thailand, Myanmar
- Mallotus hymenophyllus – S Thailand
- Mallotus illudens – S China
- Mallotus insularum – Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands
- Mallotus intercedens – India
- Mallotus japonicus – Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands
- Mallotus khasianus – Assam, Indochina, S China
- Mallotus kongkandae – Yunnan, N Thailand
- Mallotus korthalsii – Philippines, Malaysia, W Indonesia
- Mallotus kweichowensis – Guizhou
- Mallotus lackeyi – Borneo, Philippines
- Mallotus lanceolatus – S China, Indochina
- Mallotus lancifolius – Andaman & Nicobar Is, Malaysia, W Indonesia
- Mallotus lappaceus – Myanmar
- Mallotus lauterbachianus – New Guinea
- Mallotus leptostachyus – S Myanmar, S Thailand
- Mallotus leucocalyx – SE Asia
- Mallotus leucocarpus – Assam, Myanmar
- Mallotus leucodermis – S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- Mallotus lianus – Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang
- Mallotus longinervis – Sarawak
- Mallotus longipes – Myanmar
- Mallotus macrostachyus – S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- Mallotus macularis – New Guinea
- Mallotus megadontus – Queensland
- Mallotus metcalfianus – N Thailand, Vietnam, Guangxi
- Mallotus microcarpus – S China
- Mallotus millietii – Guizhou
- Mallotus minimifructus – Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines
- Mallotus miquelianus – Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra
- Mallotus mirus – Thailand
- Mallotus mollissimus – Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland
- Mallotus monanthos – Pahang
- Mallotus montanus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
- Mallotus muticus – Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- Mallotus myanmaricus – Myanmar
- Mallotus nanus – Laos, Cambodia
- Mallotus neocavaleriei – Guizhou
- Mallotus nepalensis – Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan
- Mallotus nesophilus – N Australia
- Mallotus nudiflorus (Trevia nudiflora, Trevia integerrima) – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China
- Mallotus oppositifolius – Madagascar, tropical Africa
- Mallotus oreophilus – Yunnan, Sikkim
- Mallotus pachypodus – Myanmar
- Mallotus pallidus – S Thailand
- Mallotus paniculatus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia
- Mallotus peltatus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia
- Mallotus philippensis – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands
- Mallotus pierrei – Thailand, Vietnam
- Mallotus pleiogynus – New Guinea
- Mallotus plicatus – Indochina
- Mallotus poilanei – Vietnam
- Mallotus polyadenos – New Guinea, Queensland
- Mallotus polycarpus – W India
- Mallotus puber – Solomon Islands
- Mallotus repandus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia
- Mallotus resinosus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
- Mallotus rhamnifolius – S India, Sri Lanka
- Mallotus roxburghianus – E Himalayas
- Mallotus rufidulus – W Indonesia
- Mallotus sathavensis – Vietnam
- Mallotus sphaerocarpus – Sumatra
- Mallotus spinifructus – Kalimantan
- Mallotus stewardii – E China
- Mallotus subcuneatus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
- Mallotus subjaponicus – Anhui
- Mallotus subulatus – W + C Africa
- Mallotus sumatranus – Sumatra, Borneo
- Mallotus surculosus – Cape York Peninsula
- Mallotus taoyuanensis – Hunan
- Mallotus tetracoccus – Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan
- Mallotus thorelii – Indochina
- Mallotus thunbergianus – Sri Lanka
- Mallotus tiliifolius – Hainan, SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan
- Mallotus trinervius – New Guinea
- Mallotus ustulatus – Cambodia
- Mallotus wrayi – Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia
- Mallotus yunnanensis – Yunnan
Formerly included
[edit]Source:[2]
Some species have been moved to other genera, namely: Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum Hancea Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis.
- M. affinis – Macaranga lowii
- M. angulatus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. angustifolius – Rockinghamia angustifolia
- M. arboreus – Ptychopyxis arborea
- M. arboreus var. platyphyllus – Ptychopyxis kingii
- M. auriculatus – Macaranga lowii
- M. baillonianus – Hancea acuminata
- M. brevipes Merr. 1915 – Lasiococca brevipes
- M. brevipes Pax ex Engl. 1895 – Acalypha neptunica
- M. calcosus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. calvus – Spathiostemon javensis
- M. capensis – Macaranga capensis
- M. capuronii – Hancea capuronii
- M. caput-medusae – Ptychopyxis caput-medusae
- M. cavaleriei – Discocleidion rufescens
- M. chrysanthus – Ptychopyxis chrysantha
- M. cordatifolius – Hancea cordatifolia
- M. dallachyi – Macaranga dallachyana
- M. diadenus – Endospermum diadenum
- M. echinatus – Hancea penangensis
- M. eglandulosus – Spathiostemon javensis
- M. eucaustus – Hancea eucausta
- M. geloniifolius – Cleidion javanicum
- M. glaberrimus – Macaranga glaberrima
- M. grandistipularis – Hancea grandistipularis
- M. griffithianus – Hancea griffithiana
- M. hellwigianus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. henryi – Macaranga henryi
- M. hirsutus – Hancea hirsuta
- M. hollrungianus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. hookerianus – Hancea hookeriana
- M. hookerianus var. papuanus – Hancea papuana
- M. impar – Hancea griffithiana
- M. inamoenus – Macaranga inamoena
- M. integrifolius – Hancea integrifolia
- M. kingii – Hancea kingii
- M. kunstleri – Chondrostylis kunstleri
- M. kurzii – Blumeodendron kurzii
- M. leptophyllus – Hancea penangensis
- M. longistylus – Hancea longistyla
- M. maingayi – Macaranga pruinosa
- M. melleri – Neoboutonia melleri
- M. minahassae – Croton oblongus
- M. moluccanus – Aleurites moluccanus
- M. moluccanus var. glabratus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. moluccanus var. pendulus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. multiglandulosus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. nitidus – Cleidion nitidum
- M. papuanus – Hancea papuana
- M. papuanus var. glabrescens – Hancea penangensis
- M. papuanus var. intermedius – Hancea penangensis
- M. penangensis – Hancea penangensis
- M. populifolius – Macaranga hemsleyana
- M. preussii – Plukenetia conophora
- M. pseudopenangensis – Hancea penangensis
- M. pseudoverticillatus – Lasiococca comberi
- M. ramosii – Cleidion ramosii
- M. samarensis – Cleidion ramosii
- M. sarawakensis – Hancea penangensis
- M. speciosus – Sumbaviopsis albicans
- M. spinulosus – Hancea spinulosa
- M. stipularis – Hancea stipularis
- M. subpeltatus – Hancea subpeltata
- M. tenuipes – Hancea penangensis
- M. tsiangii – Macaranga lowii
- M. vernicosus – Blumeodendron tokbrai
- M. vitifolius – Melanolepis vitifolia
- M. wenzelianus – Hancea wenzeliana
- M. woodii – Hancea griffithiana
- M. xylacanthus – Hancea penangensis
- M. yifengensis – Croton lachnocarpus
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
- ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes – Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A7. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5. S2CID 187926901.
- ^ Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635
- ^ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 野桐属 ye tong shu Mallotus Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790.
- ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of Mallotus section Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249–274.
- ^ Yamasaki, Eri; Sakai, Shoko (2013). "Wind and insect pollination (Ambophily) of Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests". Australian Journal of Botany. 61: 60. doi:10.1071/BT12202. hdl:2433/173327.
- ^ Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105–121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.
- ^ "Banato / Mallotus philippensis / Kamala". Philippine Medicinal Herbs. Retrieved 2024-06-22.