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{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| title = [[Maharani]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]
| title = [[Maharani]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]

|birth_date =
|birth_date = {{circa|1634}}
| death_date = ca.1681 CE
| spouse = [[Shivaji]]
| death_date = {{circa|1681}}
| spouse = [[Shivaji]](m.1650-1680)
| issue = {{Plain list|
| issue = {{Plain list|
*[[Rajaram I]]
*[[Rajaram I]]
Line 13: Line 14:
}}
}}


'''Soyarabai Bhosale''' '''(née Mohite)''' (died 1681) was second wife of [[Shivaji Maharaj]], the founder of [[Maratha empire]] in western [[India]]. She was mother of Shivaji Maharaj’s second son, [[Rajaram I|Rajaram]]. She was the younger sister of Maratha army chief [[Hambirrao Mohite]]. She was executed in 1681, after she failed to dethrone [[Sambhaji Maharaj]], her stepson, and the elder son of Shivaji Maharaj.
'''Soyarabai Bhosale''' née ''Mohite'' was second wife of [[Shivaji]] Maharaj, the founder of [[Maratha empire]] in western [[India]]. She was mother of Shivaji Maharaj's second son, [[Rajaram I|Rajaram]]. She was the younger sister of Maratha army chief [[Hambirrao Mohite]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Born Soyarabai Mohite, she was married to Shivaji at a very young age in 1650.<ref name="Mehta2005">{{cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA47|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|pages=48–}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=May 2022}} The marriage took place when Shivaji visited his father [[Shahaji]] at [[Bangalore]] with his mother [[Jijabai]]. Tukabai (née Mohite), the stepmother of Shivaji and paternal aunt of Soyarabai insisted on the marriage.
Soyarabai was the daughter of Sambhaji Mohite, whose sister Tukabai was the second wife of [[Shahaji]]. The precise date of Soyarabai's marriage to [[Shivaji]] is unclear, but various sources give the years as 1642, 1650 and 1660.<ref name="Mehta2005">{{cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA47|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|pages=48–}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=PAWAR |first=Dr JAYSINGRAO |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9FNDwAAQBAJ |title=SHIVCHATRAPATI: EK MAGOVA |date=2018-03-01 |publisher=Mehta Publishing House |isbn=978-93-87789-16-6 |language=mr}}</ref> In all probability, Soyarabai was married before 1650.<ref>{{Cite book |last=N C Kelkar |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281174 |title=Shivaji Nibandhavali Vol.i}}</ref> The marriage took place when Shivaji visited his father [[Shahaji]] at [[Bangalore]] with his mother [[Jijabai]]. Tukabai, the stepmother of Shivaji and paternal aunt of Soyarabai, insisted on the marriage.


After the death of [[Jijabai]] in (1674), Soyarabai gained prominence in Shivaji's family and by extension, in the Maratha court politics.<ref name="Vaidya2000">{{cite book | author=Sushila Vaidya | title=Role of women in Maratha politics, 1620-1752 A.D. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVNuAAAAMAAJ | access-date=6 March 2012 | date=1 January 2000 | publisher=Sharada Pub. House | isbn=978-81-85616-67-4}}</ref> Soyrabai bore two children to Shivaji, a daughter Balibai and son Rajaram.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
After the death of [[Jijabai]] in 1674, Soyarabai gained prominence in Shivaji's family and, by extension, in the politics of the Maratha court.<ref name="Vaidya2000">{{cite book | author=Sushila Vaidya | title=Role of women in Maratha politics, 1620-1752 A.D. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVNuAAAAMAAJ | access-date=6 March 2012 | date=1 January 2000 | publisher=Sharada Pub. House | isbn=978-81-85616-67-4}}</ref> Soyrabai bore Shivaji two children: a daughter Balibai and son Rajaram.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}


==After Shivaji's death==
==After Shivaji's death==
Soyrabai was ambitious and wanted her son Rajaram to succeed Shivaji instead of the elder son Sambhaji. Sambhaji was not kept informed on the Shivaji's death and he was absent when Shivaji was cremated. After Shivaji's death in 1680, with the help of some of the courtiers, Soyarabai got her ten-year-old son, Rajaram, on the vacant throne on 21 April 1680.<ref>. Gordon, Stewart (1993). The Marathas 1600–1818 (1st publ. ed.). New York: Cambridge University. p. 91. {{ISBN|978-0-521-26883-7}}. Retrieved 5 June 2016</ref> Her stepson and [[heir presumptive]] [[Sambhaji]], was able to remove him from power with the help of Soyrabai's own brother and army chief [[Hambirrao Mohite]]. He imprisoned courtiers and formally assumed power as the Chhatrapati on 20 July 1680.
Contemporary Maratha court chronicles such as Parmananda relate that, in initial phases, Soyarabai herself was against the court ministers performing the coronation of her son Rajaram. Sambhaji is recorded as testifying that, "the ministers of Shivaji were against him (Sambhaji). They poisoned the mind of Empress Soyarabai by saying that the eldest son of Shivaji (Sambhaji) should not be allowed to inherit the throne".<ref>Maharani Tarabai of Kolhapur, C. 1675-1761 A.D.,Śālinī Pāṭīla, pg 22 [https://books.google.com/books?id=Eh1BAAAAMAAJ&q=sambhaji%20claims%20posied%20soyarabai]</ref><ref>Shivaji Maharaja Maratha Chhatrapati In Bharat-varsha, Anant V. Darwatkar, p.180 [https://books.google.com/books?id=1SBuAAAAMAAJ]</ref> Sambhaji was not informed of Shivaji's death by these ministers, and he was absent at Raigad when Shivaji was cremated. After Shivaji's death in 1680, with the help of those treacherous courtiers, Soyarabai finally got her son, the ten-year-old prince [[Rajaram_I|Rajaram]], seated on the vacant throne on 21 April 1680.<ref>. Gordon, Stewart (1993). The Marathas 1600–1818 (1st publ. ed.). New York: Cambridge University. p. 91. {{ISBN|978-0-521-26883-7}}. Retrieved 5 June 2016</ref> Her stepson and Shivaji's [[heir apparent]] [[Sambhaji]], was able to remove Rajaram and Soyarabai from power with the help of Soyarabai's own brother and the Maratha [[Sarsenapati]] (General) [[Hambirrao Mohite]]. He imprisoned the courtiers opposing him and formally assumed power as the Chhatrapati on 20 July 1680.<ref name="Jaswant2005">{{cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA48|access-date=6 March 2012|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|page= 48 }}</ref> Soyarabai's henchmen tried to poison Sambhaji in August 1681, but he survived and executed the criminals, installing their sons on their posts instead.

After Sambhaji seized power from Soyrabai, she tried every means to dethrone him.<ref name="Jaswant2005">{{cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA48|access-date=6 March 2012|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|page= 48 }}</ref> Soyarabai's henchmen tried to poison Sambhaji in August 1681, but he survived.The enraged Sambhaji ordered execution of Soyarabai.Kale says she was executed by burying in a wall,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kale |first1=V. L. |title=JINJIVAS OR THE STAY OF CHATIRAPATI RAJARAM MAHARAJ IN THE CELEBRATED FORT Of JINJI IN THE KARNATAK |date=1933 |location=Belgaum, india |page=7 |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/36732/GIPE-009600.pdf?sequence=3 |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref><ref>https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/36732/GIPE-009600.pdf?sequence=3 {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2022}}</ref> whereas Mehta claims that she was poisoned.<ref name="Jaswant2005">{{cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA48|access-date=6 March 2012|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|page= 48 }}</ref>


In a letter dated 27 Oct 1681, written by British Bombay council to Surat,it is mentioned that "Ramrajah's Mother [Soyra Bai] is dead by report, poisoned by Shambhuji Rajah's contrivance "<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sarkar, Jadunath, Sir |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12629/page/n209/mode/2up|title=The house of Shivaji: Studies and documents on Maratha history, Royal period|date=1979 |publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=0-86131-086-1 |pages=197, 198|oclc=153928919|orig-date=1940}}</ref>
In a letter dated 27 Oct 1681, written by British Bombay council to Surat, they claim that "Ramrajah's Mother (Soyra Bai) is dead by report, poisoned by Shambhuji Rajah's contrivance "<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sarkar, Jadunath, Sir |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12629/page/n209/mode/2up|title=The house of Shivaji: Studies and documents on Maratha history, Royal period|date=1979 |publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=0-86131-086-1 |pages=197, 198|oclc=153928919|orig-date=1940}}</ref> This has been declared a myth by various reputed scholars such as Dr. Sadashiv Shivade and [[Vasudeo Sitaram Bendrey]], as Soyarabai died a year and a half after this date of her alleged murder and was cremated by Chhatrapati Sambhaji himself.<ref>जिंजीचा प्रवास, VS Bendrey, pg. 6[https://books.google.com/books?id=M9RHAAAAMAAJ&q=soyarabai+death]</ref><ref>ज्वलज्वलनतेजस संभाजीराजा by Dr Sadashiv Shivade</ref>


After Sambhaji's death at the hands of the Mughals, [[Rajaram I|Rajaram]] became the next Chhatrapati. During his reign, the Marathas were engaged in continuous warfare with Mughals.
After Sambhaji's death at the hands of the Mughals, [[Rajaram I|Rajaram]] did become the next Chhatrapati, carrying forward the continuous war of the Marathas against the Mughals.Rajaram respected his late elder half brother as he loved him.


==In Popular Culture==
==In popular culture==


*[[Ayesha Kaduskar]] portrays a young Soyarabai while [[Ruchita Jadhav]] portrays the older Soyarabai in the 2011 series [[Veer Shivaji]]{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*[[Ayesha Kaduskar]] portrays a young Soyarabai while [[Ruchita Jadhav]] portrays the older Soyarabai in the 2011 series ''[[Veer Shivaji]]''.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*Elakshi Gupta plays Soyrabai in the 2019 Bollywood film [[Tanhaji]]{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*Elakshi Gupta plays Soyrabai in the 2019 Bollywood film ''[[Tanhaji]]''.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*[[Ruchi Savarn]] portrays Soyarabai in the 2019 Marathi film [[Fatteshikast]]{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*[[Ruchi Savarn]] portrays Soyarabai in the 2019 Marathi film ''[[Fatteshikast]]''.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*[[Shruti Marathe]] plays Soyarabai in 2022 film, Sarsenapati Hambirrao
*[[Shruti Marathe]] plays Soyarabai in 2022 film, ''Sarsenapati Hambirrao''.
*Krutika Tulaskar in 2024 film ''[[Dharmarakshak Mahaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj: Part 1]]''
*[[Divya Dutta]] in 2024 film ''Chhava''


==References==
==References==
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{{MarathaEmpire}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}


[[Category:Executed royalty]]
[[Category:Executed Indian women]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Women of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Queens consort of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:1680 deaths]]
[[Category:1680 deaths]]
[[Category:People executed by poison]]
[[Category:17th-century executions in India]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian women]]

Latest revision as of 02:18, 26 November 2024

For 14th century Varkari saint, see Sant Soyarabai.

Soyarabai
Maharani of the Maratha Empire
Bornc. 1634
Diedc. 1681
SpouseShivaji(m.1650-1680)
Issue

Soyarabai Bhosale née Mohite was second wife of Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of Maratha empire in western India. She was mother of Shivaji Maharaj's second son, Rajaram. She was the younger sister of Maratha army chief Hambirrao Mohite.

Early life

[edit]

Soyarabai was the daughter of Sambhaji Mohite, whose sister Tukabai was the second wife of Shahaji. The precise date of Soyarabai's marriage to Shivaji is unclear, but various sources give the years as 1642, 1650 and 1660.[1] [2] In all probability, Soyarabai was married before 1650.[3] The marriage took place when Shivaji visited his father Shahaji at Bangalore with his mother Jijabai. Tukabai, the stepmother of Shivaji and paternal aunt of Soyarabai, insisted on the marriage.

After the death of Jijabai in 1674, Soyarabai gained prominence in Shivaji's family and, by extension, in the politics of the Maratha court.[4] Soyrabai bore Shivaji two children: a daughter Balibai and son Rajaram.[citation needed]

After Shivaji's death

[edit]

Contemporary Maratha court chronicles such as Parmananda relate that, in initial phases, Soyarabai herself was against the court ministers performing the coronation of her son Rajaram. Sambhaji is recorded as testifying that, "the ministers of Shivaji were against him (Sambhaji). They poisoned the mind of Empress Soyarabai by saying that the eldest son of Shivaji (Sambhaji) should not be allowed to inherit the throne".[5][6] Sambhaji was not informed of Shivaji's death by these ministers, and he was absent at Raigad when Shivaji was cremated. After Shivaji's death in 1680, with the help of those treacherous courtiers, Soyarabai finally got her son, the ten-year-old prince Rajaram, seated on the vacant throne on 21 April 1680.[7] Her stepson and Shivaji's heir apparent Sambhaji, was able to remove Rajaram and Soyarabai from power with the help of Soyarabai's own brother and the Maratha Sarsenapati (General) Hambirrao Mohite. He imprisoned the courtiers opposing him and formally assumed power as the Chhatrapati on 20 July 1680.[8] Soyarabai's henchmen tried to poison Sambhaji in August 1681, but he survived and executed the criminals, installing their sons on their posts instead.

In a letter dated 27 Oct 1681, written by British Bombay council to Surat, they claim that "Ramrajah's Mother (Soyra Bai) is dead by report, poisoned by Shambhuji Rajah's contrivance "[9] This has been declared a myth by various reputed scholars such as Dr. Sadashiv Shivade and Vasudeo Sitaram Bendrey, as Soyarabai died a year and a half after this date of her alleged murder and was cremated by Chhatrapati Sambhaji himself.[10][11]

After Sambhaji's death at the hands of the Mughals, Rajaram did become the next Chhatrapati, carrying forward the continuous war of the Marathas against the Mughals.Rajaram respected his late elder half brother as he loved him.

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jaswant Lal Mehta (1 January 2005). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 48–. ISBN 978-1-932705-54-6.
  2. ^ PAWAR, Dr JAYSINGRAO (1 March 2018). SHIVCHATRAPATI: EK MAGOVA (in Marathi). Mehta Publishing House. ISBN 978-93-87789-16-6.
  3. ^ N C Kelkar. Shivaji Nibandhavali Vol.i.
  4. ^ Sushila Vaidya (1 January 2000). Role of women in Maratha politics, 1620-1752 A.D. Sharada Pub. House. ISBN 978-81-85616-67-4. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  5. ^ Maharani Tarabai of Kolhapur, C. 1675-1761 A.D.,Śālinī Pāṭīla, pg 22 [1]
  6. ^ Shivaji Maharaja Maratha Chhatrapati In Bharat-varsha, Anant V. Darwatkar, p.180 [2]
  7. ^ . Gordon, Stewart (1993). The Marathas 1600–1818 (1st publ. ed.). New York: Cambridge University. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-521-26883-7. Retrieved 5 June 2016
  8. ^ Jaswant Lal Mehta (1 January 2005). Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-932705-54-6. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  9. ^ Sarkar, Jadunath, Sir (1979) [1940]. The house of Shivaji: Studies and documents on Maratha history, Royal period. Orient Longman. pp. 197, 198. ISBN 0-86131-086-1. OCLC 153928919.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ जिंजीचा प्रवास, VS Bendrey, pg. 6[3]
  11. ^ ज्वलज्वलनतेजस संभाजीराजा by Dr Sadashiv Shivade

See also

[edit]
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