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{{short description|Theoretical physics research institute in Canada}}
{{Short description|Research institute in Waterloo, Canada}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
| name = Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
| name = Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
| image = PerimeterInstituteBack.jpg
| image = PerimeterInstituteBack.jpg
| image_size =
| size = 350px
| size =
| established = 1999
| established = 1999
| type = Research institute
| type = Research institute
| location = [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| location = [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| latitude = 43.465450
| leader_title = Director
| longitude = -80.527383
| leader_name = [[Marcela Carena]]
| director = [[Neil Turok]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/34148 |title=Physics World: Neil Turok chosen to lead Perimeter Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220081457/http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2008/may/09/neil-turok-chosen-to-lead-perimeter-institute|archive-date=2016-12-20}}</ref>
| research areas = [[quantum foundations]], [[quantum information]], [[quantum gravity]], [[string theory]], [[particle physics]], [[condensed matter]], [[cosmology]] and gravitation, [[complex systems]]
| research_areas = [[quantum foundations]], [[quantum information]], [[quantum gravity]], [[string theory]], [[particle physics]], [[condensed matter]], [[cosmology]] and gravitation, [[complex systems]]
| website = [http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca www.perimeterinstitute.ca] <br/> [http://www.pitp.ca www.pitp.ca]
| website = [http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca www.perimeterinstitute.ca] <br/> [http://www.pitp.ca www.pitp.ca]
}}
}}


'''Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics''' ('''PI''', '''Perimeter''', '''PITP''') is an independent research centre in foundational [[theoretical physics]] located in [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]], [[Ontario]], Canada. It was founded in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ae-ve.nsf/eng/03861.html|title=Summary of the evaluation of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics|last=Evaluation|first=Government of Canada, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, Office of the Deputy Minister, Audit and|website=www.ic.gc.ca|language=en|access-date=2017-09-29}}</ref> The Institute's founding and major benefactor is Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist [[Mike Lazaridis]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mike-lazaridis/|title=Mike Lazaridis|last=Bonikowsky|first=Laura Neilson|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-09-29|language=en}}</ref>
'''Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics''' ('''PI''', '''Perimeter''', '''PITP''') is an independent research centre in foundational [[theoretical physics]] located in [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]], [[Ontario]], Canada. It was founded in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ae-ve.nsf/eng/03861.html|title=Summary of the evaluation of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics|last=Evaluation|first=Government of Canada, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, Office of the Deputy Minister, Audit and|website=www.ic.gc.ca|language=en|access-date=2017-09-29}}</ref> The institute's founding and major benefactor is Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist [[Mike Lazaridis]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mike-lazaridis/|title=Mike Lazaridis|last=Bonikowsky|first=Laura Neilson|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-09-29|language=en}}</ref>


The original building, designed by Saucier + Perrotte,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://saucierperrotte.com/en|title=Saucier + Perrotte|website=saucierperrotte.com}}</ref> opened in 2004<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/perimeter-institute-for-research-in-theoretical-physics/|title=Perimeter Institute for Research in Theoretical Physics|last=THEODORE|first=DAVID|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-09-29|language=en}}</ref> and was awarded a [[Governor General's Medal for Architecture]] in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raic.org/raic/governor-generals-medals-architecture-%E2%80%94-past-recipients#2006|title=Governor General's Medals in Architecture — Past Recipients {{!}} RAIC {{!}} Architecture Canada|website=www.raic.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-29}}</ref> The Stephen Hawking Centre, designed by [[Teeple Architects]], was opened in 2011<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.therecord.com/news-story/2574111-hawking-to-open-new-wing-that-bears-his-name/|title=Hawking to open new wing that bears his name {{!}} TheRecord.com|date=2011-03-07|work=TheRecord.com|access-date=2017-09-29|language=en-CA}}</ref> and was LEED Silver certified in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://leed.cagbc.org/LEED/projectprofile_EN.aspx|title=Stephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute {{!}} Project 11818 -- Canada Green Building Council|website=leed.cagbc.org|access-date=2017-09-29}}</ref>
The original building, designed by Saucier + Perrotte,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://saucierperrotte.com/en|title=Saucier + Perrotte|website=saucierperrotte.com}}</ref> opened in 2004<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/perimeter-institute-for-research-in-theoretical-physics/|title=Perimeter Institute for Research in Theoretical Physics|last=THEODORE|first=DAVID|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-09-29|language=en}}</ref> and was awarded a [[Governor General's Medal for Architecture]] in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raic.org/raic/governor-generals-medals-architecture-%E2%80%94-past-recipients#2006|title=Governor General's Medals in Architecture — Past Recipients {{!}} RAIC {{!}} Architecture Canada|website=www.raic.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-29}}</ref> The Stephen Hawking Centre, designed by [[Teeple Architects]], was opened in 2011<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.therecord.com/news-story/2574111-hawking-to-open-new-wing-that-bears-his-name/|title=Hawking to open new wing that bears his name {{!}} TheRecord.com|date=2011-03-07|work=TheRecord.com|access-date=2017-09-29|language=en-CA}}</ref> and was LEED Silver certified in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://leed.cagbc.org/LEED/projectprofile_EN.aspx|title=Stephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute {{!}} Project 11818 -- Canada Green Building Council|website=leed.cagbc.org|access-date=2017-09-29}}</ref>


In addition to research, Perimeter also provides scientific training and educational outreach activities to the general public. This is done in part through Perimeter’s Educational Outreach team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cap.ca/sites/cap.ca/files/article/1415/apr10-offprint-matlock.pdf|date=2010|access-date=2011-12-08|title=Physics in Canada – Mission: Outreach|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606210418/http://www.cap.ca/sites/cap.ca/files/article/1415/apr10-offprint-matlock.pdf|archive-date=2014-06-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In addition to research, Perimeter also provides scientific training and educational outreach activities to the general public. This is done in part through Perimeter's Educational Outreach team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cap.ca/sites/cap.ca/files/article/1415/apr10-offprint-matlock.pdf|date=2010|access-date=2011-12-08|title=Physics in Canada – Mission: Outreach|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606210418/http://www.cap.ca/sites/cap.ca/files/article/1415/apr10-offprint-matlock.pdf|archive-date=2014-06-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
[[File:The Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (7481548126).jpg|thumb|Inside the Perimeter Institute]]In 1999, [[Howard Burton]]—who had a PhD in theoretical physics from the [[University of Waterloo]]—emailed [[Mike Lazaridis]] along with 20 CEOs in an attempt to leave his [[Wall Street]] job.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Howitt |first=Chuck |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1110109511 |title=BlackBerry town : how high tech success has played out for Canada's Kitchener-Waterloo |date=2019 |isbn=978-1-4594-1438-9 |location=Toronto |oclc=1110109511}}</ref>{{Rp|page=118}} Lazaridis then pitched the idea of the Perimeter Institute to Burton as he wanted to use his [[BlackBerry]] wealth for a philanthropic endeavour.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=118}} Lazaridis' initial donation of $100 million was announced on October 23, 2000, believed to be the biggest private donation in Canadian history to that point.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/100-million-donation-may-be-biggest-in-canadian-history/article1191939/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&|title=$100-million donation may be biggest in Canadian history|date=2009-04-26|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=2017-09-29|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Jim Balsillie|Jim Balsille]] and [[Douglas Fregin|Doug Fregin]] each donated $10 million.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=119}} The city of Waterloo offered four sites of land for free; Lazaridis chose the former site of the [[Waterloo Memorial Arena]] (near Uptown Waterloo).<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=120}}
[[File:The Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (7481548126).jpg|thumb|Inside the Perimeter Institute]]
Lazaridis' initial donation of $100 million was announced on October 23, 2000, believed to be the biggest private donation in Canadian history to that point.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/100-million-donation-may-be-biggest-in-canadian-history/article1191939/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&|title=$100-million donation may be biggest in Canadian history|date=2009-04-26|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=2017-09-29|language=en-GB}}</ref> A subsequent personal donation of $50 million was made on June 4, 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=RIM co-founder donates $50M to Waterloo physics centre|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/rim-co-founder-donates-50m-to-waterloo-physics-centre-1.702363|access-date=8 October 2015|work=CBC News|publisher=CBC News|date=June 5, 2008}}</ref>


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Research operations began in 2001, in a temporary site in a nearby post office.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=120}} Burton became the Institute's founding director.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=116}} The permanent building's construction finished in 2004.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=120}} The Ontario budget, announced in March 2006, included a commitment to provide $50 million in funding to PI from the [[Minister of Research and Innovation (Ontario)|Ministry of Research and Innovation]].
Research operations began in 2001. Along with its research activities, Perimeter Institute operates an international outreach program. It hosts the International Summer School for Young Physicists<ref name="perimeterinstitute.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/outreach/students/programs/international-summer-school-young-physicists|title=International Summer School for Young Physicists - Perimeter Institute|website=www.perimeterinstitute.ca}}</ref> every summer, which is a physics camp for high school students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElvpCkhmSRU|title=The ISSYP Experience at Perimeter Institute|last=Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics|date=18 August 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref>


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In May 2008, Dr. [[Neil Turok]], a cosmologist, was appointed as Perimeter Institute's second director replacing Howard Burton.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Johnston|first1=Hamish|title=Neil Turok chosen to lead Perimeter Institute|url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2008/may/09/neil-turok-chosen-to-lead-perimeter-institute|website=Physics World|date=9 May 2008 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Lazaridis donated a subsequent $50 million on June 4, 2008.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 5, 2008 |title=RIM co-founder donates $50M to Waterloo physics centre |work=CBC News |publisher=CBC News |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/rim-co-founder-donates-50m-to-waterloo-physics-centre-1.702363 |access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> In November 2008, it was announced that physicist [[Stephen Hawking]] would take the position of Distinguished Visiting Research Chair, a visiting position, at the institute.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/544641 |title=TheStar.com &#124; sciencetech &#124; Physicist Stephen Hawking accepts post at Waterloo institute |work=Thestar.com |date= 2008-11-27|access-date=2008-12-06 | location=Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hand |first=Eric |date=23 September 2009|title=The Edge of Physics |journal=Nature |pmid=19779427 |volume=461 |issue= 7263|pages=462–465 |doi=10.1038/461462a |s2cid=205049690 |doi-access= }}</ref>
⚫
The Ontario budget, announced in March 2006, included a commitment to provide $50 million in funding to PI from the [[Minister of Research and Innovation (Ontario)|Ministry of Research and Innovation]].


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Designed by [[Teeple Architects]], a new {{convert|55,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=flip|sigfig=1}} expansion, the [[Stephen Hawking]] Centre at Perimeter Institute, was completed in September 2011.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2014 |title=Stephen Hawking Centre at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics / Teeple Architects |url=http://www.archdaily.com/559956/stephen-hawking-centre-at-the-perimeter-institute-for-theoretical-physics-teeple-architects |access-date=8 October 2015 |website=Arch Daily |publisher=}}</ref> The centre's grand opening was in September 2011 and included a video greeting from Hawking, who rarely traveled due to disability.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-09-09 |title=Hawking won't attend opening of Waterloo centre bearing his name |url=https://www.therecord.com/news-story/2587139-hawking-won-t-attend-opening-of-waterloo-centre-bearing-his-name/ |work=CBC News}}</ref> This was the first-ever Gold Seal-managed project in Ontario, it attained [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design#LEED Canada|LEED]] Silver certification in 2015.<ref>[http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/News/In_The_Media/PI_Expansion_Achieves_First_Gold_Seal_Rating_in_Ontario PI Expansion Achieves First Gold Seal Rating in Ontario] 2010-07</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 March 2015 |title=Perimeter's Stephen Hawking Centre Gains LEED Silver Status |work=Perimeter Institute |publisher=Perimeter Institute |url=https://perimeterinstitute.ca/news/perimeters-stephen-hawking-centre-gains-leed-silver-status |access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>
In May 2008, Dr. [[Neil Turok]], a cosmologist, was appointed as Perimeter Institute's Director replacing [[Howard Burton]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Johnston|first1=Hamish|title=Neil Turok chosen to lead Perimeter Institute|url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2008/may/09/neil-turok-chosen-to-lead-perimeter-institute|website=Physics World|access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref>


On February 28, 2019, Dr. [[Robert Myers (physicist)|Robert Myers]] was appointed as the third director of the Perimeter Institute. On Nov 4, 2024, [[Marcela Carena]] was announced as the fourth director.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://perimeterinstitute.ca/news/perimeter-institute-welcomes-new-executive-director-dr-marcela-carena|title=Perimeter Institute welcomes new Executive Director Dr. Marcela Carena}}</ref>
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In November 2008, it was announced that physicist [[Stephen Hawking]] would take the position of Distinguished Visiting Research Chair, a visiting position, at the Institute.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/544641 |title=TheStar.com &#124; sciencetech &#124; Physicist Stephen Hawking accepts post at Waterloo institute |publisher=Thestar.com |date= 2008-11-27|access-date=2008-12-06 | location=Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hand |first=Eric |date=23 September 2009|title=The Edge of Physics |journal=Nature |pmid=19779427 |volume=461 |issue= 7263|pages=462–465 |doi=10.1038/461462a |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090923/full/461462a.html?s=news_rss |access-date=25 December 2009|doi-access=free }}</ref>


== Design ==
On February 28, 2019, Dr. [[Robert Myers (physicist)|Robert Myers]] was appointed as the Director of the Perimeter Institute, replacing Dr. [[Neil Turok]].
The Institute was designed by Montréal-based architectural firm [[Saucier + Perrotte]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Rochon |first=Lisa |date=2004-10-20 |title=This in a city of exceeding ugliness |language=en-CA |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/this-in-a-city-of-exceeding-ugliness/article746452/ |access-date=2023-04-01}}</ref> A concrete stairwell in the building's atrium was designed by Blackwell Engineers.<ref name=":1" /> The Institute's front aluminum wall is black with small windows to represent a [[blackboard]].<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=117}} There are wooden fireplaces and blackboards throughout the building.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=117}} Writing for ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', architecture critic Lisa Rochon praised the Institute's "seamless connections" between the building's interior and exterior and said the building is about "the flow of light and the directions we can take".<ref name=":1" /> Rochon described the building as [[Modern architecture|modernism]], and cited [[Tadao Ando]] as an influence.<ref name=":1" />


==Research==
== Research ==


Perimeter's research encompasses nine fields:<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we research {{!}} Perimeter Institute|url=https://perimeterinstitute.ca/what-we-research|access-date=2021-03-08|website=perimeterinstitute.ca}}</ref>
Perimeter's research encompasses nine fields:<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we research {{!}} Perimeter Institute|url=https://perimeterinstitute.ca/what-we-research|access-date=2021-03-08|website=perimeterinstitute.ca}}</ref>
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* [[Quantum information science|Quantum information]]
* [[Quantum information science|Quantum information]]
* [[Condensed matter physics|Quantum matter]]
* [[Condensed matter physics|Quantum matter]]
* [[Gravity|Strong gravity]]
* [[Strong gravity]]


== Programs ==
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== Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA) ==


⚫
=== Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA) ===
An extensive, up-to-date archive of the Institute's varied research activities is readily available to the public via the internet. '''The Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA)''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pirsa.org/|title=PIRSA - Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive|website=pirsa.org}}</ref> is a permanent, free, searchable, and citable archive of recorded seminars, conferences, workshops and outreach events. Seminars with video and timed presentation materials can be accessed on-demand in Windows and Flash formats together with MP3 audio files and PDFs of the supporting materials. The PIRSA project is enlarged by the creation of SciTalks (See below).
An extensive, up-to-date archive of the institute's varied research activities is readily available to the public via the internet. The Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pirsa.org/|title=PIRSA – Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive|website=pirsa.org}}</ref> is a permanent, free, searchable, and citable archive of recorded seminars, conferences, workshops and outreach events. Seminars with video and timed presentation materials can be accessed on-demand in Windows and Flash formats together with MP3 audio files and PDFs of the supporting materials. The PIRSA project is enlarged by the creation of SciTalks (See below).


== SciTalks ==
=== SciTalks ===
After more than 13,000 talks uploaded to PIRSA, Perimeter Institute created in 2020 a new public video archive called '''SciTalks'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} SciTalks|url=https://scitalks.ca/|access-date=2021-03-08|website=scitalks.ca}}</ref> with the support of the [[Simons Foundation|Simons Foundations]]. It is a [[Metadata repository|meta-repository]] search tool of scientific talks beyond what is produced at PI and aims to "revolutionize the world of scholarly communication in the way that the [[arXiv]] has done for print scientific papers".<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 Perimeter Institute Annual Report|url=https://perimeterinstitute.ca/sites/default/files/PI%20English%20Annual%20Report%202020.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-08|page=25}}</ref> Apart from PIRSA's existing content, SciTalks indexes videos from other institutions, such as [[CERN]], [[Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing]], [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics|ICTP]] and [[ICTP-SAIFR]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=About {{!}} SciTalks|url=https://scitalks.ca/node/1|access-date=2021-03-08|website=scitalks.ca}}</ref> As a [[Metadata repository|meta-repository]], SciTalks only stores metadata and links related to the videos, which are stored in other databases.
After more than 13,000 talks uploaded to PIRSA, Perimeter Institute created in 2020 a new public video archive called '''SciTalks'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} SciTalks|url=https://scitalks.ca/|access-date=2021-03-08|website=scitalks.ca}}</ref> with the support of the [[Simons Foundation|Simons Foundations]]. It is a [[Metadata repository|meta-repository]] search tool of scientific talks beyond what is produced at PI and aims to "revolutionize the world of scholarly communication in the way that the [[arXiv]] has done for print scientific papers".<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 Perimeter Institute Annual Report|url=https://perimeterinstitute.ca/sites/default/files/PI%20English%20Annual%20Report%202020.pdf|access-date=2021-03-08|page=25}}</ref> Apart from PIRSA's existing content, SciTalks indexes videos from other institutions, such as [[CERN]], [[Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing]], [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics|ICTP]] and [[ICTP-SAIFR]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=About {{!}} SciTalks|url=https://scitalks.ca/node/1|access-date=2021-03-08|website=scitalks.ca}}</ref> As a [[Metadata repository|meta-repository]], SciTalks only stores metadata and links related to the videos, which are stored in other databases.


== Educational outreach ==
== Educational outreach ==


Perimeter’s educational outreach team’s activities include a monthly public lecture series, a two-week summer camp for the world’s top science students, a series of in-class resources, week-long professional development workshops for science teachers, cultural activities with local and international artists, an online archive of educational resources, an extensive network of science teachers to share content across Canada, and many other special events and science festivals contributing to [[physics outreach]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/News/In_The_Media/PI_Outreach_Continues_to_Grow_Across_Ontario,_Canada_and_Beyond/|date=2010|access-date=2011-12-27|title= PI Outreach Continues to Grow Across Ontario, Canada and Beyond}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/en/Outreach/General/Outreach_Overview/ |title=Outreach Overview - Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics |publisher=Perimeterinstitute.ca |access-date=2008-12-06}}</ref>
Perimeter's educational outreach team's activities include a monthly public lecture series, a two-week summer camp for the world's top science students, a series of in-class resources, week-long professional development workshops for science teachers, cultural activities with local and international artists, an online archive of educational resources, an extensive network of science teachers to share content across Canada, and many other special events and science festivals contributing to [[physics outreach]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/News/In_The_Media/PI_Outreach_Continues_to_Grow_Across_Ontario,_Canada_and_Beyond/|date=2010|access-date=2011-12-27|title= PI Outreach Continues to Grow Across Ontario, Canada and Beyond}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/en/Outreach/General/Outreach_Overview/ |title=Outreach Overview – Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics |publisher=Perimeterinstitute.ca |access-date=2008-12-06}}</ref> Perimeter Institute operates an international outreach program.

The annual EinsteinPlus<ref>{{cite web |title=EINSTEINPLUS – Perimeter Institute |url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/outreach/teachers/programs-and-opportunities/einsteinplus |website=www.perimeterinstitute.ca}}</ref> summer school for high school physics teachers is held for one week each summer. The International Summer School for Young Physicists (ISSYP) is a physics camp for high school students.<ref>{{cite web |last=Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics |date=18 August 2015 |title=The ISSYP Experience at Perimeter Institute |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElvpCkhmSRU |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref name="perimeterinstitute.ca">{{cite web |title=International Summer School for Young Physicists – Perimeter Institute |url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/outreach/students/programs/international-summer-school-young-physicists |website=www.perimeterinstitute.ca}}</ref> It brings approximately 20 Canadian students and 20 International students aged 16 – 18 to Perimeter for two weeks each year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Corbett |first1=Neil |date=8 August 2014 |title=Living the Big Bang Theory |work=Maple Ridge & Pitt Meadow News |publisher=Maple Ridge & Pitt Meadow News |url=http://www.mapleridgenews.com/news/270399541.html |access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>


===Public lectures series===
===Public lectures series===


Perimeter Institute has welcomed a number of very prominent scientists to deliver lectures on a wide variety of subjects.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Butterworth|first1=Jon|author-link=Jon Butterworth|title=Perimeter Lecture: Neil Turok on "The Astonishing Simplicity of Everything"|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/life-and-physics/2015/oct/03/perimeter-lecture-neil-turok-on-the-astonishing-simplicity-of-everything|access-date=8 October 2015|work=The Guardian|agency=The Guardian|date=3 October 2015}}</ref> Lecturers have included: [[Freeman Dyson]], [[Gerard ‘t Hooft]], [[Jay Ingram]], [[Seth Lloyd]], [[Jay Melosh]], [[Sir Roger Penrose]], [[Michael Peskin]], [[Leonard Susskind]], [[Frank Wilczek]] and [[Anton Zeilinger]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/Outreach/Public_Lectures/View_Past_Public_Lectures/|date=2012|access-date=2012-01-08|title=Perimeter Institute – View Past Public Lectures|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106015211/http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/Outreach/Public_Lectures/View_Past_Public_Lectures/|archive-date=2012-01-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Perimeter Institute has welcomed a number of very prominent scientists to deliver lectures on a wide variety of subjects.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Butterworth|first1=Jon|author-link=Jon Butterworth|title=Perimeter Lecture: Neil Turok on "The Astonishing Simplicity of Everything"|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/life-and-physics/2015/oct/03/perimeter-lecture-neil-turok-on-the-astonishing-simplicity-of-everything|access-date=8 October 2015|work=The Guardian|agency=|date=3 October 2015}}</ref> Lecturers have included: [[Freeman Dyson]], [[Gerard ‘t Hooft]], [[Jay Ingram]], [[Seth Lloyd]], [[Jay Melosh]], [[Sir Roger Penrose]], [[Michael Peskin]], [[Leonard Susskind]], [[Frank Wilczek]] and [[Anton Zeilinger]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/Outreach/Public_Lectures/View_Past_Public_Lectures/|date=2012|access-date=2012-01-08|title=Perimeter Institute – View Past Public Lectures|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106015211/http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/Outreach/Public_Lectures/View_Past_Public_Lectures/|archive-date=2012-01-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===ISSYP===
The International Summer School for Young Physicists (ISSYP)<ref name="perimeterinstitute.ca"/> brings approximately 20 Canadian students and 20 International students aged 16 – 18 to Perimeter for two weeks each year.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Corbett|first1=Neil|title=Living the Big Bang Theory|url=http://www.mapleridgenews.com/news/270399541.html|access-date=8 October 2015|work=Maple Ridge & Pitt Meadow News|publisher=Maple Ridge & Pitt Meadow News|date=8 August 2014}}</ref>

=== EinsteinPlus ===
The annual EinsteinPlus<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/outreach/teachers/programs-and-opportunities/einsteinplus|title=EINSTEINPLUS - Perimeter Institute|website=www.perimeterinstitute.ca}}</ref> summer school for high school physics teachers is held for one week each summer.


===BrainSTEM: Your Future is Now===
===BrainSTEM: Your Future is Now===
Line 74: Line 71:
Held in October, 2009, the Quantum to Cosmos: Ideas for the Future festival (Q2C Festival) was a [[science]] outreach event held in [[Canada]]. The festival included events and activities spanning: lectures, panel discussions, pub talks, cultural activities, a PI documentary premiere (The Quantum Tamers: Revealing Our Weird and Wired Future), [[sci-fi]] film festival, an art exhibit and the hugely popular Physica Phantastica exhibit centre, a {{convert|460|m2|adj=on}} space filled with demonstrations, hands-on activities, experiments and an immersive 3D tour of the [[universe]] narrated by [[Stephen Hawking]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/News/In_The_Media/Looking_Back_on_Quantum_to_Cosmos%3A_Ideas_for_the_Future/date=2009|access-date=2012-01-08|title= Looking Back on Quantum to Cosmos: Ideas for the Future }}</ref>
Held in October, 2009, the Quantum to Cosmos: Ideas for the Future festival (Q2C Festival) was a [[science]] outreach event held in [[Canada]]. The festival included events and activities spanning: lectures, panel discussions, pub talks, cultural activities, a PI documentary premiere (The Quantum Tamers: Revealing Our Weird and Wired Future), [[sci-fi]] film festival, an art exhibit and the hugely popular Physica Phantastica exhibit centre, a {{convert|460|m2|adj=on}} space filled with demonstrations, hands-on activities, experiments and an immersive 3D tour of the [[universe]] narrated by [[Stephen Hawking]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/News/In_The_Media/Looking_Back_on_Quantum_to_Cosmos%3A_Ideas_for_the_Future/date=2009|access-date=2012-01-08|title= Looking Back on Quantum to Cosmos: Ideas for the Future }}</ref>


The Q2C Festival attracted some 40,000 attendees (including over 6,000 in the secondary school program that brought students from [[Ontario]] and [[New York State]] and nearly one million viewers – and counting – through online streaming, video-on-demand services and special television broadcasts. Special editions of [[TVOntario|TVO]]’s “[[The Agenda|The Agenda with Steve Paikin]]", filmed live in PI’s Atrium in [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]] attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers from across Canada with just five broadcasts.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gionas|first1=Sandra|title=Quantum to Cosmos: The Science and Inspiration behind this Week's Programs|url=http://tvo.org/blog/current-affairs/inside-agenda/quantum-to-cosmos-the-science-and-inspiration-behind-this-weeks-programs|website=TVO|publisher=TVO|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>
The Q2C Festival attracted some 40,000 attendees (including over 6,000 in the secondary school program that brought students from [[Ontario]] and [[New York State]] and nearly one million viewers – and counting – through online streaming, video-on-demand services and special television broadcasts. Special editions of [[TVOntario|TVO]]’s “[[The Agenda|The Agenda with Steve Paikin]]", filmed live in PI's Atrium in [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]] attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers from across Canada with just five broadcasts.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gionas|first1=Sandra|title=Quantum to Cosmos: The Science and Inspiration behind this Week's Programs|url=http://tvo.org/blog/current-affairs/inside-agenda/quantum-to-cosmos-the-science-and-inspiration-behind-this-weeks-programs|website=TVO|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>


==Training==
==Training==


=== Joint masters-level program ===
=== Joint masters-level program ===
In partnership with the [[University of Waterloo]], PI conducts Perimeter Scholars International (PSI),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/training/about-psi|title=About PSI - Perimeter Institute|website=www.perimeterinstitute.ca}}</ref> a master's level course in theoretical physics.<ref>{{cite web|title=Perimeter Scholars International Award|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/graduate-studies/awards/perimeter-scholars-international-award|website=University of Waterloo Graduate Studies|publisher=University of Waterloo|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> The 10-month course was inaugurated in August 2009, and admits around 30 scholars per year. Students admitted (on average 3% of all applicants) receive full scholarships and living expenses. The master's degree itself is issued by the [[University of Waterloo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/training/about-psi|title=About PSI}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/News/In_The_Media/Perimeter_Scholars_International_Graduates_Inaugural_Class/|title=Perimeter Scholars International Graduates Inaugural Class}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wells|first1=Paul|title=Perimeter Institute: Jacob's classmates|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/perimeter-institute-jacobs-classmates/|access-date=8 October 2015|work=Maclean's|publisher=Maclean's|date=8 September 2013}}</ref>
In partnership with the [[University of Waterloo]], PI conducts Perimeter Scholars International (PSI),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/training/about-psi|title=About PSI – Perimeter Institute|website=www.perimeterinstitute.ca}}</ref> a master's level course in theoretical physics.<ref>{{cite web|title=Perimeter Scholars International Award|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/graduate-studies/awards/perimeter-scholars-international-award|website=University of Waterloo Graduate Studies|publisher=University of Waterloo|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> The 10-month course was inaugurated in August 2009, and admits around 30 scholars per year. Students admitted (on average 3% of all applicants{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}) receive full scholarships and living expenses. The master's degree itself is issued by the [[University of Waterloo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/training/about-psi|title=About PSI}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/News/In_The_Media/Perimeter_Scholars_International_Graduates_Inaugural_Class/|title=Perimeter Scholars International Graduates Inaugural Class}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wells|first1=Paul|title=Perimeter Institute: Jacob's classmates|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/perimeter-institute-jacobs-classmates/|access-date=8 October 2015|work=Maclean's|publisher=Maclean's|date=8 September 2013}}</ref>


=== Doctoral studies ===
=== Doctoral studies ===
Line 87: Line 84:
Perimeter Institute offers a number of planned courses each year, including cross-listed programs with universities and mini-courses given by PI faculty, associate faculty and visiting researchers. The courses are made available to all students enrolled in surrounding universities. The popular courses are attended by students from [[University of Waterloo]], [[University of Western Ontario]], [[McMaster University]], [[University of Guelph]], [[University of Toronto]], [[York University]], and other centres.
Perimeter Institute offers a number of planned courses each year, including cross-listed programs with universities and mini-courses given by PI faculty, associate faculty and visiting researchers. The courses are made available to all students enrolled in surrounding universities. The popular courses are attended by students from [[University of Waterloo]], [[University of Western Ontario]], [[McMaster University]], [[University of Guelph]], [[University of Toronto]], [[York University]], and other centres.


==Expansion==
==See also==
* [[Institute for Theoretical Physics (disambiguation)]]

* [[Center for Theoretical Physics (disambiguation)]]
=== Stephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute ===
⚫
Designed by [[Teeple Architects]], a new {{convert|55,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=flip|sigfig=1}} expansion, the [[Stephen Hawking]] Centre at Perimeter Institute, was completed in September 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stephen Hawking Centre at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics / Teeple Architects|url=http://www.archdaily.com/559956/stephen-hawking-centre-at-the-perimeter-institute-for-theoretical-physics-teeple-architects|website=Arch Daily|publisher=Arch Daily|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> The Centre's grand opening was in September 2011 and included a video greeting from the physicist, who rarely traveled due to disability.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therecord.com/news-story/2587139-hawking-won-t-attend-opening-of-waterloo-centre-bearing-his-name/ | work=CBC News | title=Hawking won't attend opening of Waterloo centre bearing his name | date=2011-09-09}}</ref>

This was the first-ever Gold Seal-managed project in Ontario, it attained [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design#LEED Canada|LEED]] Silver certification in 2015.<ref>[http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/News/In_The_Media/PI_Expansion_Achieves_First_Gold_Seal_Rating_in_Ontario PI Expansion Achieves First Gold Seal Rating in Ontario] 2010-07</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Perimeter's Stephen Hawking Centre Gains LEED Silver Status|url=https://perimeterinstitute.ca/news/perimeters-stephen-hawking-centre-gains-leed-silver-status|access-date=8 October 2015|work=Perimeter Institute|publisher=Perimeter Institute|date=18 March 2015}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 99: Line 93:
== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Perimeter Institute}}
{{Commons category|Perimeter Institute}}
* [http://pirsa.org/ PIRSA] - Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive
* [http://pirsa.org/ PIRSA] – Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive
* [http://www.perimeterscholars.org/ Perimeter Scholars International (PSI)]
* [http://www.perimeterscholars.org/ Perimeter Scholars International (PSI)]
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/PIOutreach Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics]
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/PIOutreach Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics]
Line 110: Line 104:
[[Category:Research institutes in Canada]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Canada]]
[[Category:Higher education in Ontario]]
[[Category:Higher education in Ontario]]
[[Category:Physics institutes]]
[[Category:Physics research institutes]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Waterloo, Ontario]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Waterloo, Ontario]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1999]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1999]]

Latest revision as of 03:56, 26 November 2024

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Established1999
TypeResearch institute
Location
Director
Marcela Carena
Websitewww.perimeterinstitute.ca
www.pitp.ca

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (PI, Perimeter, PITP) is an independent research centre in foundational theoretical physics located in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1999.[1] The institute's founding and major benefactor is Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist Mike Lazaridis.[2]

The original building, designed by Saucier + Perrotte,[3] opened in 2004[4] and was awarded a Governor General's Medal for Architecture in 2006.[5] The Stephen Hawking Centre, designed by Teeple Architects, was opened in 2011[6] and was LEED Silver certified in 2015.[7]

In addition to research, Perimeter also provides scientific training and educational outreach activities to the general public. This is done in part through Perimeter's Educational Outreach team.[8]

History

[edit]
Inside the Perimeter Institute

In 1999, Howard Burton—who had a PhD in theoretical physics from the University of Waterloo—emailed Mike Lazaridis along with 20 CEOs in an attempt to leave his Wall Street job.[9]: 118  Lazaridis then pitched the idea of the Perimeter Institute to Burton as he wanted to use his BlackBerry wealth for a philanthropic endeavour.[9]: 118  Lazaridis' initial donation of $100 million was announced on October 23, 2000, believed to be the biggest private donation in Canadian history to that point.[10] Jim Balsille and Doug Fregin each donated $10 million.[9]: 119  The city of Waterloo offered four sites of land for free; Lazaridis chose the former site of the Waterloo Memorial Arena (near Uptown Waterloo).[9]: 120 

Research operations began in 2001, in a temporary site in a nearby post office.[9]: 120  Burton became the Institute's founding director.[9]: 116  The permanent building's construction finished in 2004.[9]: 120  The Ontario budget, announced in March 2006, included a commitment to provide $50 million in funding to PI from the Ministry of Research and Innovation.

In May 2008, Dr. Neil Turok, a cosmologist, was appointed as Perimeter Institute's second director replacing Howard Burton.[11] Lazaridis donated a subsequent $50 million on June 4, 2008.[12] In November 2008, it was announced that physicist Stephen Hawking would take the position of Distinguished Visiting Research Chair, a visiting position, at the institute.[13][14]

Designed by Teeple Architects, a new 5,000 m2 (55,000 sq ft) expansion, the Stephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute, was completed in September 2011.[15] The centre's grand opening was in September 2011 and included a video greeting from Hawking, who rarely traveled due to disability.[16] This was the first-ever Gold Seal-managed project in Ontario, it attained LEED Silver certification in 2015.[17][18]

On February 28, 2019, Dr. Robert Myers was appointed as the third director of the Perimeter Institute. On Nov 4, 2024, Marcela Carena was announced as the fourth director.[19]

Design

[edit]

The Institute was designed by Montréal-based architectural firm Saucier + Perrotte.[20] A concrete stairwell in the building's atrium was designed by Blackwell Engineers.[20] The Institute's front aluminum wall is black with small windows to represent a blackboard.[9]: 117  There are wooden fireplaces and blackboards throughout the building.[9]: 117  Writing for The Globe and Mail, architecture critic Lisa Rochon praised the Institute's "seamless connections" between the building's interior and exterior and said the building is about "the flow of light and the directions we can take".[20] Rochon described the building as modernism, and cited Tadao Ando as an influence.[20]

Research

[edit]

Perimeter's research encompasses nine fields:[21]

Programs

[edit]

Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA)

[edit]

An extensive, up-to-date archive of the institute's varied research activities is readily available to the public via the internet. The Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA),[22] is a permanent, free, searchable, and citable archive of recorded seminars, conferences, workshops and outreach events. Seminars with video and timed presentation materials can be accessed on-demand in Windows and Flash formats together with MP3 audio files and PDFs of the supporting materials. The PIRSA project is enlarged by the creation of SciTalks (See below).

SciTalks

[edit]

After more than 13,000 talks uploaded to PIRSA, Perimeter Institute created in 2020 a new public video archive called SciTalks[23] with the support of the Simons Foundations. It is a meta-repository search tool of scientific talks beyond what is produced at PI and aims to "revolutionize the world of scholarly communication in the way that the arXiv has done for print scientific papers".[24] Apart from PIRSA's existing content, SciTalks indexes videos from other institutions, such as CERN, Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, ICTP and ICTP-SAIFR.[25] As a meta-repository, SciTalks only stores metadata and links related to the videos, which are stored in other databases.

Educational outreach

[edit]

Perimeter's educational outreach team's activities include a monthly public lecture series, a two-week summer camp for the world's top science students, a series of in-class resources, week-long professional development workshops for science teachers, cultural activities with local and international artists, an online archive of educational resources, an extensive network of science teachers to share content across Canada, and many other special events and science festivals contributing to physics outreach.[26][27] Perimeter Institute operates an international outreach program.

The annual EinsteinPlus[28] summer school for high school physics teachers is held for one week each summer. The International Summer School for Young Physicists (ISSYP) is a physics camp for high school students.[29][30] It brings approximately 20 Canadian students and 20 International students aged 16 – 18 to Perimeter for two weeks each year.[31]

Public lectures series

[edit]

Perimeter Institute has welcomed a number of very prominent scientists to deliver lectures on a wide variety of subjects.[32] Lecturers have included: Freeman Dyson, Gerard ‘t Hooft, Jay Ingram, Seth Lloyd, Jay Melosh, Sir Roger Penrose, Michael Peskin, Leonard Susskind, Frank Wilczek and Anton Zeilinger.[33]

BrainSTEM: Your Future is Now

[edit]

This festival connected technological innovations to the scientific breakthroughs that make them possible. The festival, held September 30 to October 6, 2013, featured science-centre styled exhibits, special presentations, public lectures, Science in the Club events and insider-tours of the Perimeter Institute. Webcast Public Lectures featured James Grime, Ray Laflamme and Lucy Hawking.[34]

Quantum to Cosmos: Ideas for the Future festival

[edit]

Held in October, 2009, the Quantum to Cosmos: Ideas for the Future festival (Q2C Festival) was a science outreach event held in Canada. The festival included events and activities spanning: lectures, panel discussions, pub talks, cultural activities, a PI documentary premiere (The Quantum Tamers: Revealing Our Weird and Wired Future), sci-fi film festival, an art exhibit and the hugely popular Physica Phantastica exhibit centre, a 460-square-metre (5,000 sq ft) space filled with demonstrations, hands-on activities, experiments and an immersive 3D tour of the universe narrated by Stephen Hawking.[35]

The Q2C Festival attracted some 40,000 attendees (including over 6,000 in the secondary school program that brought students from Ontario and New York State and nearly one million viewers – and counting – through online streaming, video-on-demand services and special television broadcasts. Special editions of TVO’s “The Agenda with Steve Paikin", filmed live in PI's Atrium in Waterloo attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers from across Canada with just five broadcasts.[36]

Training

[edit]

Joint masters-level program

[edit]

In partnership with the University of Waterloo, PI conducts Perimeter Scholars International (PSI),[37] a master's level course in theoretical physics.[38] The 10-month course was inaugurated in August 2009, and admits around 30 scholars per year. Students admitted (on average 3% of all applicants[citation needed]) receive full scholarships and living expenses. The master's degree itself is issued by the University of Waterloo.[39][40][41]

Doctoral studies

[edit]

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics also hosts PhD students wishing to pursue full-time graduate studies under the supervision of a PI faculty member. PhD students receive their doctoral degrees from a university partner, such as the University of Waterloo.

Courses

[edit]

Perimeter Institute offers a number of planned courses each year, including cross-listed programs with universities and mini-courses given by PI faculty, associate faculty and visiting researchers. The courses are made available to all students enrolled in surrounding universities. The popular courses are attended by students from University of Waterloo, University of Western Ontario, McMaster University, University of Guelph, University of Toronto, York University, and other centres.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Evaluation, Government of Canada, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, Office of the Deputy Minister, Audit and. "Summary of the evaluation of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics". www.ic.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-09-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Bonikowsky, Laura Neilson. "Mike Lazaridis". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
  3. ^ Saucier + Perrotte. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |website= ignored (help)
  4. ^ THEODORE, DAVID. "Perimeter Institute for Research in Theoretical Physics". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
  5. ^ "Governor General's Medals in Architecture — Past Recipients | RAIC | Architecture Canada". www.raic.org. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
  6. ^ "Hawking to open new wing that bears his name | TheRecord.com". TheRecord.com. 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
  7. ^ "Stephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute | Project 11818 -- Canada Green Building Council". leed.cagbc.org. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
  8. ^ "Physics in Canada – Mission: Outreach" (PDF). 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-06. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Howitt, Chuck (2019). BlackBerry town : how high tech success has played out for Canada's Kitchener-Waterloo. Toronto. ISBN 978-1-4594-1438-9. OCLC 1110109511.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ "$100-million donation may be biggest in Canadian history". The Globe and Mail. 2009-04-26. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
  11. ^ Johnston, Hamish (9 May 2008). "Neil Turok chosen to lead Perimeter Institute". Physics World. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  12. ^ "RIM co-founder donates $50M to Waterloo physics centre". CBC News. CBC News. June 5, 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  13. ^ "TheStar.com | sciencetech | Physicist Stephen Hawking accepts post at Waterloo institute". Thestar.com. Toronto. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  14. ^ Hand, Eric (23 September 2009). "The Edge of Physics". Nature. 461 (7263): 462–465. doi:10.1038/461462a. PMID 19779427. S2CID 205049690.
  15. ^ "Stephen Hawking Centre at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics / Teeple Architects". Arch Daily. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  16. ^ "Hawking won't attend opening of Waterloo centre bearing his name". CBC News. 2011-09-09.
  17. ^ PI Expansion Achieves First Gold Seal Rating in Ontario 2010-07
  18. ^ "Perimeter's Stephen Hawking Centre Gains LEED Silver Status". Perimeter Institute. Perimeter Institute. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  19. ^ "Perimeter Institute welcomes new Executive Director Dr. Marcela Carena".
  20. ^ a b c d Rochon, Lisa (2004-10-20). "This in a city of exceeding ugliness". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
  21. ^ "What we research | Perimeter Institute". perimeterinstitute.ca. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  22. ^ "PIRSA – Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive". pirsa.org.
  23. ^ "Home | SciTalks". scitalks.ca. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  24. ^ "2020 Perimeter Institute Annual Report" (PDF). p. 25. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  25. ^ "About | SciTalks". scitalks.ca. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  26. ^ "PI Outreach Continues to Grow Across Ontario, Canada and Beyond". 2010. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
  27. ^ "Outreach Overview – Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics". Perimeterinstitute.ca. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  28. ^ "EINSTEINPLUS – Perimeter Institute". www.perimeterinstitute.ca.
  29. ^ Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (18 August 2015). "The ISSYP Experience at Perimeter Institute" – via YouTube.
  30. ^ "International Summer School for Young Physicists – Perimeter Institute". www.perimeterinstitute.ca.
  31. ^ Corbett, Neil (8 August 2014). "Living the Big Bang Theory". Maple Ridge & Pitt Meadow News. Maple Ridge & Pitt Meadow News. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  32. ^ Butterworth, Jon (3 October 2015). "Perimeter Lecture: Neil Turok on "The Astonishing Simplicity of Everything"". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  33. ^ "Perimeter Institute – View Past Public Lectures". 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
  34. ^ "Perimeter Institute reaches out to young students with BrainSTEM". Waterloo Region Record. Waterloo Region Record. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  35. ^ "Looking Back on Quantum to Cosmos: Ideas for the Future". Retrieved 2012-01-08.
  36. ^ Gionas, Sandra. "Quantum to Cosmos: The Science and Inspiration behind this Week's Programs". TVO. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  37. ^ "About PSI – Perimeter Institute". www.perimeterinstitute.ca.
  38. ^ "Perimeter Scholars International Award". University of Waterloo Graduate Studies. University of Waterloo. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  39. ^ "About PSI".
  40. ^ "Perimeter Scholars International Graduates Inaugural Class".
  41. ^ Wells, Paul (8 September 2013). "Perimeter Institute: Jacob's classmates". Maclean's. Maclean's. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
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