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The Treaty of Xanten (German: Vertrag von Xanten) was signed in the Lower Rhenish town of Xanten on 12 November 1614 between Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg and John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, with representatives from England and France serving as mediators. The accord officially ended the War of the Jülich Succession and divided the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg between Wilhelm and Sigismund.^[1]

Terms

The treaty ended the War of the Jülich Succession and all hostilities between Wolfgang Wilhelm and John Sigismund.^[1] Based on the terms of the treaty, the territories of Jülich-Berg and Ravenstein went to Wolfgang Wilhelm and the territories of Cleves-Mark and Ravensberg went to John Sigismund.^[1] These last territories were the first provinces at the Rhine and in Westphalia to be governed by the House of Hohenzollern, and were the oldest constituents of the future Prussian Rhineland and the future Province of Westphalia.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Hayden 1973, p. 22: "The other major problem in the [Holy Roman] Empire brings full circle the discussion of the Regency foreign policy. The two occupants of the Cleves–Jülich territory could not get along with each other. In the involved negotiations, the claimants changed religions and sought outside allies. The result was the threat of war in 1614 by the allies, the Dutch for Brandenburg and the Spanish for Neuberg. These two states, however, had no desire to break the truce of 1609, and after some feinting, negotiations opened which were assisted by England and France. The resulting Treaty of Xanten was signed on November 12, 1614, with Jülich and Berg going to Wolfgang William of Neuberg while Elector John Sigismund got Cleves, Mark, and Ravensburg. The Spanish army under Spinola refused to give up the key fortress of Wesel, and further negotiations were necessary, but in the end a shaky peace was maintained."

Sources

Hayden, J. Michael (1973). "Continuity in the France of Henry IV and Louis XIII: French Foreign Policy, 1598-1615". Journal of Modern History. 45 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1086/240888. S2CID 144914347.

External links

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2019). "Jülich". Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.

[Hayden22-1] Hayden 1973, p. 22: "The other major problem in the [Holy Roman] Empire brings full circle the discussion of the Regency foreign policy. The two occupants of the Cleves–Jülich territory could not get along with each other. In the involved negotiations, the claimants changed religions and sought outside allies. The result was the threat of war in 1614 by the allies, the Dutch for Brandenburg and the Spanish for Neuberg. These two states, however, had no desire to break the truce of 1609, and after some feinting, negotiations opened which were assisted by England and France. The resulting Treaty of Xanten was signed on November 12, 1614, with Jülich and Berg going to Wolfgang William of Neuberg while Elector John Sigismund got Cleves, Mark, and Ravensburg. The Spanish army under Spinola refused to give up the key fortress of Wesel, and further negotiations were necessary, but in the end a shaky peace was maintained."

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|1614 treaty ending the War of the Jülich Succession}}
-The '''Treaty of Xanten''' ({{lang-de|Vertrag von Xanten}}) was signed in the Lower Rhine town of [[Xanten]] on November 12, 1614 between [[Wolfgang William, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg]] and [[John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg]], with representatives from [[England]] and [[France]] serving as mediators.
+The '''Treaty of Xanten''' ({{langx|de|Vertrag von Xanten|links=no}}) was signed in the Lower Rhenish town of [[Xanten]] on 12 November 1614 between [[Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg]] and [[John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg]], with representatives from [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of France|France]] serving as mediators. The accord officially ended the [[War of the Jülich Succession]] and divided the [[United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]] between Wilhelm and Sigismund.<ref name=Hayden22/>
+==Terms==
-The [[treaty]] ended the [[War of the Jülich succession]] and all hostilities between Wolfgang William and John Sigismund. Based on the terms of the treaty, the territories of [[Jülich-Berg]] and [[Ravenstein, Netherlands|Ravenstein]] went to Wolfgang William. Moreover, the territories of [[Cleves-Mark]] and [[Ravensberg]] went to John Sigismund. These last territories were the first Rhine provinces to be governed by the House of [[Hohenzollern]], and were the oldest constituents of the future [[Prussian Rhineland]].<ref>Hayden, p. 22. ''The other major problem in the'' [Holy Roman] ''Empire brings full circle the discussion of the Regency foreign policy. The two occupants of the Cleves-Jülich territory could not get along with each other. In the involved negotiations, the claimants changed religions and sought outside allies. The result was the threat of war in 1614 by the allies, the Dutch for Brandenburg and the Spanish for Neuberg. These two states, however, had no desire to break the truce of 1609, and after some feinting, negotiations opened which were assisted by England and France. The resulting Treaty of Xanten was signed on November 12, 1614, with Jülich and Berg going to Wolfgang William of Neuberg while Elector John Sigismund got Cleves, Mark, and Ravensburg. The Spanish army under [[Ambrogio Spinola|Spinola]] refused to give up the key fortress of [[Wesel]], and further negotiations were necessary, but in the end a shaky peace was maintained.''</ref>
+The treaty ended the War of the Jülich Succession and all hostilities between Wolfgang Wilhelm and John Sigismund.<ref name=Hayden22/> Based on the terms of the treaty, the territories of [[Jülich-Berg]] and [[Ravenstein, Netherlands|Ravenstein]] went to Wolfgang Wilhelm and the territories of [[Cleves-Mark]] and [[County of Ravensberg|Ravensberg]] went to John Sigismund.<ref name=Hayden22>{{harvnb|Hayden|1973|loc=p. 22: "The other major problem in the [Holy Roman] Empire brings full circle the discussion of the Regency foreign policy. The two occupants of the Cleves–Jülich territory could not get along with each other. In the involved negotiations, the claimants changed religions and sought outside allies. The result was the threat of war in 1614 by the allies, the Dutch for Brandenburg and the Spanish for Neuberg. These two states, however, had no desire to break the [[Treaty of Antwerp (1609)|truce of 1609]], and after some feinting, negotiations opened which were assisted by England and France. The resulting Treaty of Xanten was signed on November 12, 1614, with Jülich and Berg going to Wolfgang William of Neuberg while Elector John Sigismund got Cleves, Mark, and Ravensburg. The Spanish army under [[Ambrogio Spinola|Spinola]] refused to give up the key fortress of [[Wesel]], and further negotiations were necessary, but in the end a shaky peace was maintained."}}</ref> These last territories were the first provinces at the Rhine and in Westphalia to be governed by the [[House of Hohenzollern]], and were the oldest constituents of the future [[Prussian Rhineland]] and the future [[Province of Westphalia]].
+==See also==
+*[[List of treaties]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 7: / Line 12: @@
 ==Sources==
-*Hayden, Michael J. ''Continuity in the France of Henry IV and Louis XIII: French Foreign Policy, 1598-1615''. Journal of Modern History, Vol. 45, No. 1 (March 1973), pp. 1-23.
+*{{cite journal|last=Hayden|first=J. Michael|title=Continuity in the France of Henry IV and Louis XIII: French Foreign Policy, 1598-1615|journal=Journal of Modern History|volume=45|number=1|year=1973|pages=1–23|doi=10.1086/240888|s2cid=144914347}}
-==See also==
-*[[List of treaties]]
 ==External links==
+*{{cite web|author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica))|year=2019|title=Jülich|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Julich#ref88801}}
-*[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044125/Julich#88801.hook Jülich]
 [[Category:1614 in Europe]]
 [[Category:Treaties of the Holy Roman Empire|Xanten]]
-[[Category:History of Prussia]]
+[[Category:Peace treaties of Prussia]]
+[[Category:History of the Rhineland]]
+[[Category:History of North Rhine-Westphalia]]
 [[Category:1614 treaties]]
-[[Category:Treaties of the Electorate of Brandenburg]]
+[[Category:Treaties of the Margraviate of Brandenburg]]
 [[Category:Treaties of Palatinate-Neuburg]]
+[[Category:1614 in the Holy Roman Empire]]
-[[de:Vertrag von Xanten]]
+[[Category:Xanten]]
-[[fr:Traité de Xanten]]
-[[it:Trattato di Xanten]]
-[[th:สนธิสัญญาซานเตน]]