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{{Short description|Canadian politician (1822–1892)}}
[[image:Sir Alexander Campbell.jpg|thumb|right|Sir Alexander Campbell]]
{{For|other Canadian politicians of the same name|Alexander Campbell (disambiguation)}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Sir Alexander Campbell
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=CAN|size=100%|KCMG|PC|QC}}
| image = Sir Alexander Campbell.jpg
| imagesize =
| office3 = Member of the [[Legislative Council of the Province of Canada]] for Cataraqui
| term_start3 = 1858
| term_end3 = 1867
| office2 = [[Senate of Canada|Senator]] for Cataraqui, Ontario<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=0ddd1e27-0568-4aa0-a1dc-2d2ccd31e2a9&Language=E | title=Federal Political Experience | publisher=www.parl.gc.ca | access-date=October 7, 2013}}</ref>
| term_start2 = October 23, 1867
| term_end2 = February 7, 1887
| order1 = 6th
| office1 = Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
| predecessor1 = [[John Beverley Robinson]]
| successor1 = [[George Airey Kirkpatrick]]
| term_start1 = June 1, 1887
| term_end1 = May 24, 1892
| monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]
| governor_general1 = [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|The Marquess of Lansdowne]]<br>[[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|The Lord Stanley of Preston]]
| premier1 = [[Oliver Mowat]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1822|03|09}}
| birth_place = [[Hedon]], [[Yorkshire]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|1892|05|24|1822|03|09}}
| death_place = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]
| resting_place = [[Cataraqui Cemetery]], [[Kingston, Ontario]]
| nationality = Canadian
| spouse =
| party = [[Conservative Party of Canada (historical)|Conservative]]
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| cabinet = Postmaster General (1885–1887)<br>Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (1881–1885)<br>Postmaster General (1880–1881)<br>[[Minister of Militia and Defence]] (1880)<br>Postmaster General (1879–1880)<br>Receiver General (1878–1879)<br>Minister of the Interior (1873)<br>Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs (1873)<br>Minister of Inland Revenue (Acting) (1868–1869)<br>Postmaster General (1867–1873)<br>Commissioner of Crown Lands (Province of Canada) (1864–1867)
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion =
| signature = Alexander Campbell Signature.svg
| website =
| footnotes = {{Father of Confederation footnote}}
}}
'''Sir Alexander Campbell''' {{postnominals|country=CAN|KCMG|PC|QC}} (March 9, 1822 – May 24, 1892) was an [[Upper Canada|Upper Canadian]] statesman and a father of [[Canadian Confederation]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/confederation/Fathers.html | title=The fathers of confederation | publisher=www.Canadahistory.com | access-date=October 4, 2013 | archive-date=November 24, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003702/http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/confederation/Fathers.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexander Campbell (1822-1892): The Travails of a Father of Confederation - Ged Martin |url=https://www.gedmartin.net/published-work-mainmenu-11/249-alexander-campbell-1822-1892-the-travails-of-a-father-of-confederation |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.gedmartin.net}}</ref>


==Life==
[[The Honourable]] '''Sir Alexander Campbell''', [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|PC]], [[KCMG]], [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] ([[March 9]], [[1822]] &ndash; [[24 May]], [[1892]]) was an [[England|English]]-born, in [[Hedon]], [[Canada|Canadian]] statesman and politician, and a father of [[Canadian Confederation]]. He was elected to the [[Legislative Council of the Province of Canada|legislative council]] in [[1858]] and [[1864]], attended the [[Quebec City]] Conference in [[1864]], and at Confederation was appointed to the [[Canadian Senate]]. He later held a number of ministerial posts in the [[Canadian Cabinet|Cabinet]] of Sir [[John A. Macdonald]] and was [[List of Lieutenant Governors of Ontario|Lieutenant Governor of Ontario]] from [[1887]] to [[1892]].
Born in [[Hedon]], [[Yorkshire]], he was brought to Canada by his father, who was a doctor, when he was one year old. He was educated in [[French language|French]] at [[St. Hyacinthe]] in [[Quebec]] and in the grammar school at [[Kingston, Ontario]]. Campbell studied law and was [[called to the bar]] in 1843. He became a partner in [[John A. Macdonald]]'s law office.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/confederation/Fathers/Alexander%20Campbell.html | title=Alexander Campbell | publisher=www.canadahistory.com | access-date=October 4, 2013 | archive-date=May 28, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528164722/http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/confederation/Fathers/Alexander | url-status=dead }}</ref>


Campbell was a [[Freemasonry in Canada|Freemason]] of St. John's Lodge, No. 3 (Ontario) of Kingston (now The Ancient St. John's No. 3). When the government was moved to Quebec in 1858, Campbell resigned.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://grandlodge.on.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=378&catid=42|title=Canada's Sesquicentennial – Freemasonry and Confederation|publisher=Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario|author=Michael Jenkyns|date=July 2017|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205195647/https://grandlodge.on.ca/index.php/official-website/300-years-of-freemasonry/378-freemasonry-and-confederation|archive-date=5 December 2018}}</ref>
When he was one year old, he was brought to Canada by his father, a doctor. He was educated in [[French language|French]] at [[St. Hyacinthe]] in Quebec and in grammar school in [[Kingston, Ontario]]. Alexander Campbell studied law and was called to the bar in 1843. He became a partner in John A. Macdonald's law office. He died in office in [[Toronto]] in [[1892]].


He was elected to the [[Legislative Council of the Province of Canada]] in 1858 and 1864, and served as the last [[Commissioner of Crown Lands (Province of Canada)|Commissioner of Crown Lands]] 30 March 1864 – 30 June 1867. He attended the Charlottetown Conference and the [[Quebec Conference, 1864|Quebec City Conference in 1864]], and at Confederation was appointed to the [[Senate of Canada]]. He later held a number of ministerial posts in the [[Canadian Cabinet|Cabinet]] of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald and was the [[List of lieutenant governors of Ontario#Lieutenant Governors of Ontario, 1867-present|sixth]] [[Lieutenant Governor of Ontario]] from 1887 to 1892.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/rech-srch/clic-click.aspx?/cgi-bin/MsmGo.exe?grab_id=0&page_id=14827&query=Sir%20Alexander%20Campbell&hiword=ALEXANDERS%20ALEXANDRE%20Alexander%20CAMPBELLS%20Campbell%20Sir | title=Campbell, Sir Alexander National Historic Person | publisher=[[Parks Canada]] | date=15 March 2012 | access-date=10 April 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220651/http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/rech-srch/clic-click.aspx?%2Fcgi-bin%2FMsmGo.exe%3Fgrab_id=0&page_id=14827&query=Sir%20Alexander%20Campbell&hiword=ALEXANDERS%20ALEXANDRE%20Alexander%20CAMPBELLS%20Campbell%20Sir | archive-date=2013-10-04 | url-status=dead }}</ref>


Historian Ged Martin discussed the reasons why Campbell never achieved first rank as a politician; he was lame and suffered from epileptic seizures, and his estranged wife was a certified lunatic (see Family section below).
== External links ==


In 1883, he built his home on [[Metcalfe Street (Ottawa)|Metcalfe Street]], Ottawa, now known as "Campbell House".
*[http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=40135 Biography at the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online'']
[[File:Campbell House (Ottawa).JPG|thumb|left|Campbell House, 236 Metcalfe Street, Ottawa]]
*[http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/bio.asp?lang=E&query=1895&s=M Political biography from the Library of Parliament]


He died in office in [[Toronto]] in 1892, and was buried at [[Cataraqui Cemetery]] in Kingston, Ontario.<ref name="dnb">{{cite DNBSupp|wstitle=Campbell, Alexander (1822-1892)<!-- NB dash not ndash on wikisource-->|display=Campbell, Alexander (1822–1892)|first=Thomas Blair|last=Browning}}</ref>
{{start box}}

{{succession box|
Campbell Crescent in Kingston, a street in the Portsmouth municipal district, is named in his honour.
before=[[John Beverley Robinson]]|

title=[[List of Lieutenant Governors of Ontario|Lieutenant Governor of Ontario]]|
==Family==
years=[[1887]]&ndash;[[1892]]|
In 1855, Campbell married Georgina Frederica Locke, daughter of Thomas Sandwith of [[Beverley, Yorkshire]], and a niece of [[Humphrey Sandwith III]] (1792–1874) of [[Bridlington]].<ref name="dnb"/> As Ged Martin has detailed in an article on Campbell's private life, the marriage was a failure and his estranged wife spent time in asylums as a certified lunatic. He left two sons (the eldest was [[Charles Sandwith Campbell]]) and three daughters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexander Campbell (1822-1892): The Travails of a Father of Confederation - Ged Martin |url=https://www.gedmartin.net/published-work-mainmenu-11/249-alexander-campbell-1822-1892-the-travails-of-a-father-of-confederation |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.gedmartin.net}}</ref>
after=Sir [[George Airey Kirkpatrick]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Canadabio|ID=6013 |name=Alexander Campbell}}
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=3004|2=Alexander Campbell}}
* Ged Martin, Alexander Campbell (1822–1892): The Travails of a Father of Confederation | https://www.gedmartin.net/published-work-mainmenu-11/249-alexander-campbell-1822-1892-the-travails-of-a-father-of-confederation. Published in Ontario History (Spring 2013) https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/onhistory/2013-v105-n1-onhistory03918/1050744ar/
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110930155406/http://www.driffield.org.uk/CelebritiesYorksWolds.html Humphrey Sandwith]
* {{gutenberg author|id=8656|name=Alexander Campbell}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Sir Alexander Campbell |birth=1822 |death=1892 |sopt=t }}
* {{Librivox author |id=8324}}
*[https://aims.archives.gov.on.ca/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/DESCRIPTION_WEB/WEB_DESC_DET?SESSIONSEARCH&exp=sisn%20149 Alexander Campbell fonds], Archives of Ontario
* Ged Martin, Alexander Campbell (1822–1892): Travails of a Father of Confederation https://www.gedmartin.net/published-work-mainmenu-11/249-alexander-campbell-1822-1892-the-travails-of-a-father-of-confederation

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Beverly Robinson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Lieutenant Governor of Ontario]]|years=1887–1892}}
{{s-aft|after=[[George Airey Kirkpatrick]]}}
{{s-par|ca}}
{{succession box
| before = ''office created''
| title = [[Leader of the Government in the Senate (Canada)|Leader of the Government in the Senate of Canada]]
| years = 1867–1873
| after = [[Luc Letellier de St-Just]]
}}
}}
{{end box}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Luc Letellier de St-Just]]
| title = [[Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)|Leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada]]
| years = 1873–1878
| after = [[Richard William Scott|Sir Richard William Scott]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Richard William Scott|Sir Richard William Scott]]
| title = [[Leader of the Government in the Senate (Canada)|Leader of the Government in the Senate of Canada]]
| years = 1878–1887
| after = [[John Joseph Caldwell Abbott|John Abbott]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{CA-Postmasters General}}
{{CA-Ministers-of-the-Interior}}
{{CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General}}
{{CA-Ministers of Defence}}
{{CA-Ministers of Inland Revenue}}
{{CA-Superintendents-General of Indian Affairs}}
{{CA-Leaders of the Government in the Senate}}
{{ONLG}}


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1822 births|Campbell, Alexander]]
[[Category:1892 deaths|Campbell, Alexander]]
[[Category:Fathers of Confederation|Campbell, Alexander]]
[[Category:Lieutenant Governors of Ontario|Campbell, Alexander]]
[[Category:Members of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada|Campbell, Alexander]]
[[Category:Historical Members of the Canadian Senate|Campbell, Alexander]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of St Michael and St George|Campbell, Alexander]]
[[Category:People from St. Hyacinthe, Quebec|Campbell, Alexander]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Campbell, Alexander}}
[[pl:Alexander Campbell]]
[[Category:1822 births]]
[[Category:1892 deaths]]
[[Category:Anglo-Scots]]
[[Category:Canadian senators from Ontario]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:English emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario]]
[[Category:English Anglicans]]
[[Category:Fathers of Confederation]]
[[Category:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators]]
[[Category:Canadian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Canadian King's Counsel]]
[[Category:Lieutenant governors of Ontario]]
[[Category:Members of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:People from Hedon]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kingston, Ontario]]
[[Category:Postmasters general of Canada]]
[[Category:Anglophone Quebec people]]
[[Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)]]
[[Category:Immigrants to Upper Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian Freemasons]]

Latest revision as of 07:33, 26 November 2024

For other Canadian politicians of the same name, see Alexander Campbell (disambiguation).
The Honourable
Sir Alexander Campbell
KCMG PC QC
6th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
In office
June 1, 1887 – May 24, 1892
MonarchVictoria
Governors GeneralThe Marquess of Lansdowne
The Lord Stanley of Preston
PremierOliver Mowat
Preceded byJohn Beverley Robinson
Succeeded byGeorge Airey Kirkpatrick
Senator for Cataraqui, Ontario[1]
In office
October 23, 1867 – February 7, 1887
Member of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada for Cataraqui
In office
1858–1867
Personal details
Born(1822-03-09)March 9, 1822
Hedon, Yorkshire, England
DiedMay 24, 1892(1892-05-24) (aged 70)
Toronto, Ontario
Resting placeCataraqui Cemetery, Kingston, Ontario
NationalityCanadian
Political partyConservative
CabinetPostmaster General (1885–1887)
Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (1881–1885)
Postmaster General (1880–1881)
Minister of Militia and Defence (1880)
Postmaster General (1879–1880)
Receiver General (1878–1879)
Minister of the Interior (1873)
Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs (1873)
Minister of Inland Revenue (Acting) (1868–1869)
Postmaster General (1867–1873)
Commissioner of Crown Lands (Province of Canada) (1864–1867)
Signature
 • Father of Confederation •

Sir Alexander Campbell KCMG PC QC (March 9, 1822 – May 24, 1892) was an Upper Canadian statesman and a father of Canadian Confederation.[2][3]

Life

[edit]

Born in Hedon, Yorkshire, he was brought to Canada by his father, who was a doctor, when he was one year old. He was educated in French at St. Hyacinthe in Quebec and in the grammar school at Kingston, Ontario. Campbell studied law and was called to the bar in 1843. He became a partner in John A. Macdonald's law office.[4]

Campbell was a Freemason of St. John's Lodge, No. 3 (Ontario) of Kingston (now The Ancient St. John's No. 3). When the government was moved to Quebec in 1858, Campbell resigned.[5]

He was elected to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada in 1858 and 1864, and served as the last Commissioner of Crown Lands 30 March 1864 – 30 June 1867. He attended the Charlottetown Conference and the Quebec City Conference in 1864, and at Confederation was appointed to the Senate of Canada. He later held a number of ministerial posts in the Cabinet of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald and was the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1887 to 1892.[6]

Historian Ged Martin discussed the reasons why Campbell never achieved first rank as a politician; he was lame and suffered from epileptic seizures, and his estranged wife was a certified lunatic (see Family section below).

In 1883, he built his home on Metcalfe Street, Ottawa, now known as "Campbell House".

Campbell House, 236 Metcalfe Street, Ottawa

He died in office in Toronto in 1892, and was buried at Cataraqui Cemetery in Kingston, Ontario.[7]

Campbell Crescent in Kingston, a street in the Portsmouth municipal district, is named in his honour.

Family

[edit]

In 1855, Campbell married Georgina Frederica Locke, daughter of Thomas Sandwith of Beverley, Yorkshire, and a niece of Humphrey Sandwith III (1792–1874) of Bridlington.[7] As Ged Martin has detailed in an article on Campbell's private life, the marriage was a failure and his estranged wife spent time in asylums as a certified lunatic. He left two sons (the eldest was Charles Sandwith Campbell) and three daughters.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Federal Political Experience". www.parl.gc.ca. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
  2. ^ "The fathers of confederation". www.Canadahistory.com. Archived from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  3. ^ "Alexander Campbell (1822-1892): The Travails of a Father of Confederation - Ged Martin". www.gedmartin.net. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  4. ^ "Alexander Campbell". www.canadahistory.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  5. ^ Michael Jenkyns (July 2017). "Canada's Sesquicentennial – Freemasonry and Confederation". Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  6. ^ "Campbell, Sir Alexander National Historic Person". Parks Canada. 15 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  7. ^ a b Browning, Thomas Blair (1901). "Campbell, Alexander (1822–1892)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  8. ^ "Alexander Campbell (1822-1892): The Travails of a Father of Confederation - Ged Martin". www.gedmartin.net. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
[edit]
Government offices
Preceded by Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
1887–1892 		Succeeded by
Parliament of Canada
Preceded by
office created
 Leader of the Government in the Senate of Canada
1867–1873 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada
1873–1878 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Leader of the Government in the Senate of Canada
1878–1887 		Succeeded by
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