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{{Short description|Page of geometrical illumination in a manuscript}}
[[Image:Meister des Book of Lindisfarne 002.jpg|thumb|A carpet page from the [[Lindisfarne Gospels]]]]'''Carpet pages''' are a characteristic feature of [[Insular art|Insular]] [[illuminated manuscript]]s. They are pages of mainly geometrical ornamentation, which may include repeated animal forms, typically placed at the beginning of each of the four [[Gospels]] in [[Gospel Book]]s. The designation "carpet page" is used to describe those pages in Christian, Islamic, or Jewish illuminated manuscripts that contain little or no text and which are filled entirely with decorative motifs.<ref>The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Elizabeth Howie: DUBLIN, TRINITY COLLEGE MS A.4.5 (57) — GOSPEL BOOK (BOOK OF DURROW)[http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html]</ref><ref>[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/mamlukquran.html British Library, ''Mamluk Qur'an'']</ref><ref>[http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/biblical_manuscripts/LeningradCarpetPage.shtml West Semitic Research Project, ''The Leningrad Codex Carpet Page'']</ref> They are distinct from pages devoted to highly decorated [[historiated initial]]s, though the style of decoration may be very similar.<ref>Calkins, 36-37</ref>
[[Image:Meister des Book of Lindisfarne 002.jpg|thumb|A carpet page from the [[Lindisfarne Gospels]]]]


A '''carpet page''' is a full page in an [[illuminated manuscript]] containing intricate, [[figurative art|non-figurative]], patterned designs.<ref name="m57">Moss, 57</ref> They are a characteristic feature of [[Insular art|Insular]] manuscripts, and typically placed at the beginning of a [[Gospel Book]]. Carpet pages are characterised by mainly geometrical ornamentation which may include repeated animal forms. They are distinct from pages devoted to highly decorated [[historiated initial]]s, though the style of decoration may be very similar.<ref>Calkins, 36-37</ref>
⚫
Carpet pages are wholly devoted to ornamentation with brilliant colors, active lines, and complex patterns of [[interlace (visual arts)|interlace]]. They are normally symmetrical, or very nearly so, about both a horizontal and vertical axis, though for example the page at right is only symmetrical about a vertical axis. Some [[art historians]] find their origin in [[Copt]]ic decorative book pages,<ref>Calkins, 53</ref> and they also clearly borrow from contemporary metalwork decoration. [[Oriental carpets]], or other textiles, may themselves have been influences. The stamped and tooled leather book binding of the [[Stonyhurst Gospel]] represents a simple carpet page in another medium,<ref>Calkins, 53</ref> and the few surviving metalwork book covers or [[book shrine]]s from the same period, such as that on the [[Lindau Gospels]], are also close parallels.<ref>Calkins, 57-60</ref> Roman floor [[mosaic]]s seen in post-Roman Britain, are also cited as a possible source.<ref>Calkins, 53</ref> The [[Hebrew]] [[Codex Cairensis]], from 9th century [[Galilee]], also contains a similar type of page, but stylistically very different.


⚫
Carpet pages are characterised by ornamentation with brilliant colors, active lines and complex patterns of [[interlace (visual arts)|interlace]]. They are normally symmetrical, or very nearly so, about both a horizontal and vertical axis, though for example the pictured page from the Lindisfarne Gospels is only symmetrical about a vertical axis. Some [[art historians]] find their origin in similar [[Copt]]ic decorative book pages,<ref>Calkins, 53</ref> and they also clearly borrow from contemporary metalwork decoration. [[Oriental carpets]], or other textiles, may themselves have been influences. The tooled leather book binding of the [[St Cuthbert Gospel]] represents a simple carpet page in another medium,<ref>Calkins, 53</ref> and the few surviving [[treasure binding]]s – metalwork book covers or [[book shrine]]s – from the same period, such as that on the [[Lindau Gospels]], are also close parallels.<ref>Calkins, 57-60</ref> Roman floor [[mosaic]]s seen in post-Roman Britain, are also cited as a possible source.<ref>Calkins, 53</ref> The [[Hebrew]] [[Codex Cairensis]], from 9th century [[Galilee]], also contains a similar type of page, but stylistically very different.
⚫
The earliest surviving example is from the early 7th century [[Bobbio Orosius]], and relates more closely to [[Late Antique]] decoration. There are notable carpet pages in the [[Book of Kells]], [[Lindisfarne Gospels]], [[Book of Durrow]], and other manuscripts.<ref>Calkins, 36-37, 46-62</ref>


==Examples==
In the current usage of modern calligraphers, the term, carpet page is used to describe a manuscript page that is painted so as to completely fill the page with patterned motifs, rather than with an [[Illuminated manuscript|illumination]] and that is [[Historiated initial|historiated]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=B87XMeCd0eAC&pg=PA51&dq=%22carpet+page%22&cd=2#v=onepage&q=%22carpet%20page%22&f=false Susan Sink, ''The art of the Saint John's Bible'' p51]</ref>{{Dubious|date=May 2010}}
⚫
The earliest surviving example is from the early 7th-century [[Bobbio Orosius]], and relates more closely to [[Late Antique]] decoration. There are notable carpet pages in the [[Book of Kells]], the [[Lindisfarne Gospels]], the [[Book of Durrow]], and other manuscripts.<ref>Calkins, 36-37, 46-62</ref>

Carpet pages are also found in some medieval [[Hebrew]] manuscripts, typically opening the major sections of the book. Islamic manuscripts, especially [[Qur'an]]s, often have pages entirely devoted to complex geometrical decoration, but the term is not usually used of them.


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="3">
Image:BobbioOrosiusCarpetPage.jpg|Folio 1v of the early 7th century [[Bobbio Orosius]] contains the oldest surviving carpet page in any insular manuscript.
File:BookDurrowCarpetPage5.jpg|Early insular example from the [[Book of Durrow]]
File:BookDurrowCarpetPage5.jpg|Early insular example from the [[Book of Durrow]]
Image:KellsFol033rCarpetPage v2.jpg
Image:KellsFol033rCarpetPage v2.jpg|Carpet page from the [[Book of Kells]]
Image:Arabischer Maler um 1180 001.jpg
Image:Arabischer Maler um 1180 001.jpg|Page from a Qur'an manuscript, 1182
Image:Arabischer Maler um 1375 001.jpg
Image:Arabischer Maler um 1375 001.jpg|Page from a Qur'an manuscript, c. 1370
Image:Al-Bawwâb 001.jpg
Image:Al-Bawwâb 001.jpg|Page from a Qur'an by [[Ibn al-Bawwab]], 1001 AD
Image:Leningrad Codex Carpet page e.jpg
Image:Leningrad Codex Carpet page e.jpg|Carpet page from the [[Leningrad Codex]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Notes==
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
===Sources===
*Calkins, Robert G. ''Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages''. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983.
* Calkins, Robert G. ''Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages''. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983.
* [[Rachel Moss (art historian)|Moss, Rachel]]. ''The Book of Durrow''. Dublin: Trinity College Library; London: Thames and Hudson, 2018. {{isbn|978-0-5002-9460-4}}
⚫
* Nordenfalk, Carl. Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book Illumination in the British Isles. 600-800. New York: George Braziller Publishing. 1977.
⚫
* Pacht, Otto. Book Illumination in the Middle Ages. England: Harvey Miller Publishers. 1984.


==Further reading==
===Further reading===
* Alexander, J.J.G. A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles: Volume One: Insular Manuscripts from the 6th to the 9th Century. London England: Harvey Miller. 1978.
* Alexander, J.J.G. A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles: Volume One: Insular Manuscripts from the 6th to the 9th Century. London England: Harvey Miller. 1978.
* Brown, Michelle P. Understanding Illuminated Manuscripts: A Guide to Technical Terms. Malibu, California: The J. Paul Getty Museum. 1994.
* Brown, Michelle P. Understanding Illuminated Manuscripts: A Guide to Technical Terms. Malibu, California: The J. Paul Getty Museum. 1994.
* Laing, Lloyd and Jennifer. Art of the Celts: From 700 BC to the Celtic Revival. Singapore: Thames and Hudson. 1992.
* Laing, Lloyd and Jennifer. Art of the Celts: From 700 BC to the Celtic Revival. Singapore: Thames and Hudson. 1992.
* Megaw, Ruth and Vincent. Celtic Art: From its Beginnings to the Book of Kells. New York: Thames and Hudson. 2001.
* Megaw, Ruth and Vincent. Celtic Art: From its Beginnings to the Book of Kells. New York: Thames and Hudson. 2001.
⚫
* Nordenfalk, Carl. Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book Illumination in the British Isles. 600-800. New York: George Braziller Publishing. 1977.
⚫
* Pacht, Otto. Book Illumination in the Middle Ages. England: Harvey Miller Publishers. 1984.
* {{cite journal |last=Tilghman |first=Benjamin C. |title=Pattern, Process, and the Creation of Meaning in the Lindisfarne Gospels |journal=West 86th |date=2017 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=3–28 |doi=10.1086/693796 |doi-access=free}}

==External links==
*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/113771/rec/1 Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.: from the collections of the National Museum of Ireland, Royal Irish Academy, Trinity College, Dublin], an exhibition catalogue from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on carpet pages
*{{cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/mamlukquran.html |publisher=British Library |title=Sultan Barquq's Qur'an}}
*{{cite web |last=Howie |first=Elizabeth |title=Dublin, Trinity College MS A.4.5 (57) — Gospel Book (Book of Durrow) |url=http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611085536/http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html |archive-date=11 June 2017 |publisher=The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill}}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/biblical_manuscripts/LeningradCarpetPage.shtml |publisher=West Semitic Research Project |title=Leningrad Carpet Page |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126125718/http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/biblical_manuscripts/LeningradCarpetPage.shtml |archive-date=2010-11-26 |url-status=dead }}


{{Insular art}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carpet Page}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carpet Page}}
[[Category:Iconography of illuminated manuscripts]]
[[Category:Iconography of illuminated manuscripts]]
[[Category:Book design]]
[[Category:Book design]]
[[Category:Celtic art]]
[[Category:Insular art]]
[[Category:Decorative knots]]
[[Category:Decorative knots]]
[[Category:Hiberno-Saxon manuscripts]]
[[Category:Hiberno-Saxon manuscripts]]


[[es:Página tapiz]]
[[it:Pagina tappeto]]
[[nl:Tapijtpagina]]
[[no:Teppe-side]]
[[th:หน้าลายพรม]]

Latest revision as of 10:31, 26 November 2024

A carpet page from the Lindisfarne Gospels

A carpet page is a full page in an illuminated manuscript containing intricate, non-figurative, patterned designs.[1] They are a characteristic feature of Insular manuscripts, and typically placed at the beginning of a Gospel Book. Carpet pages are characterised by mainly geometrical ornamentation which may include repeated animal forms. They are distinct from pages devoted to highly decorated historiated initials, though the style of decoration may be very similar.[2]

Carpet pages are characterised by ornamentation with brilliant colors, active lines and complex patterns of interlace. They are normally symmetrical, or very nearly so, about both a horizontal and vertical axis, though for example the pictured page from the Lindisfarne Gospels is only symmetrical about a vertical axis. Some art historians find their origin in similar Coptic decorative book pages,[3] and they also clearly borrow from contemporary metalwork decoration. Oriental carpets, or other textiles, may themselves have been influences. The tooled leather book binding of the St Cuthbert Gospel represents a simple carpet page in another medium,[4] and the few surviving treasure bindings – metalwork book covers or book shrines – from the same period, such as that on the Lindau Gospels, are also close parallels.[5] Roman floor mosaics seen in post-Roman Britain, are also cited as a possible source.[6] The Hebrew Codex Cairensis, from 9th century Galilee, also contains a similar type of page, but stylistically very different.

Examples

[edit]

The earliest surviving example is from the early 7th-century Bobbio Orosius, and relates more closely to Late Antique decoration. There are notable carpet pages in the Book of Kells, the Lindisfarne Gospels, the Book of Durrow, and other manuscripts.[7]

Carpet pages are also found in some medieval Hebrew manuscripts, typically opening the major sections of the book. Islamic manuscripts, especially Qur'ans, often have pages entirely devoted to complex geometrical decoration, but the term is not usually used of them.

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Moss, 57
  2. ^ Calkins, 36-37
  3. ^ Calkins, 53
  4. ^ Calkins, 53
  5. ^ Calkins, 57-60
  6. ^ Calkins, 53
  7. ^ Calkins, 36-37, 46-62

Sources

[edit]
  • Calkins, Robert G. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983.
  • Moss, Rachel. The Book of Durrow. Dublin: Trinity College Library; London: Thames and Hudson, 2018. ISBN 978-0-5002-9460-4

Further reading

[edit]
  • Alexander, J.J.G. A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles: Volume One: Insular Manuscripts from the 6th to the 9th Century. London England: Harvey Miller. 1978.
  • Brown, Michelle P. Understanding Illuminated Manuscripts: A Guide to Technical Terms. Malibu, California: The J. Paul Getty Museum. 1994.
  • Laing, Lloyd and Jennifer. Art of the Celts: From 700 BC to the Celtic Revival. Singapore: Thames and Hudson. 1992.
  • Megaw, Ruth and Vincent. Celtic Art: From its Beginnings to the Book of Kells. New York: Thames and Hudson. 2001.
  • Nordenfalk, Carl. Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book Illumination in the British Isles. 600-800. New York: George Braziller Publishing. 1977.
  • Pacht, Otto. Book Illumination in the Middle Ages. England: Harvey Miller Publishers. 1984.
  • Tilghman, Benjamin C. (2017). "Pattern, Process, and the Creation of Meaning in the Lindisfarne Gospels". West 86th. 24 (1): 3–28. doi:10.1086/693796.
[edit]
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