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{{Short description|Western Pahari language of Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name = Churahi
| name = Churahi
⚫
| nativename = 𑚏𑚰𑚤𑚭𑚩𑚯, चुराही
| familycolor = Indo-European
| familycolor = Indo-European
⚫
| nativename = 𑚏𑚰𑚤𑚭𑚩𑚯
| states = Himachal Pradesh
| states = Himachal Pradesh
| region = Chaurah, Saluni
| region = Chaurah, Saluni
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[North-Western Indo-Aryan languages|North-Western]]
| fam4 = [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Northern]]
| fam5 = [[Western Pahari]]
| fam5 = [[Western Pahari]]
| script = [[Takri script|Takri]], [[Devanagari]]
⚫
| iso3 = cdj
| glotto = chur1258
| glotto = chur1258
| glottoname = Churahi
| glottorefname = Churahi
| lc1 = cdj
| image = Churahi.png
| imagecaption = The word "Churahi" written in Devanagari script
⚫
| dia1 = Churahi
| speakers = {{sigfig|75,552|2}}<ref>Total count conflates with [[Pahari language|Pahari]] and [[Hindi]]</ref>
| image = churahi.png
| imagecaption = Churahi written in Takri Script
| date = 2011
| speakers = 75,552; total count conflates with [[Pahari]] and [[Hindi]]
| ref = e25
}}
}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}


Churahi ([[Takri script|Takri]]: 𑚏𑚰𑚤𑚭𑚩𑚯) is a language spoken in the Chaurah and Saluni Tehsil of [[Chamba district|Chamba]] district in [[Himachal Pradesh]]. The language is considered vulnerable.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Endangered Language Churahi|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1628|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
'''Churahi''' ([[Takri script|Takri]]: {{Lang|cdj|𑚏𑚰𑚤𑚭𑚩𑚯}}) is a [[Western Pahari|Western Pahari language]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]], India. It is spoken in the Chaurah and Saluni tehsils of [[Chamba district]], and is considered endangered.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Endangered Language Churahi|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1628}}</ref>{{wiktionary category 2|Churahi language}}

== Adages ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!𑚏𑚰𑚤𑚭𑚩𑚯
!चुराही
!Transliteration (ITRANS)
!Equivalent Adage or meaning in English
|-
|𑚀𑚜𑚜𑚰 𑚢𑚳𑚩𑚘𑚰 𑚀𑚜𑚢𑚭
|अधधु मैहणु अधमा
|adhadhu maihaNu adhamA
|Empty vessel makes much noise.
|-
|𑚆𑚅𑚖𑚯 𑚊𑚥 𑚑𑚙𑚤𑚱𑚖𑚭
|एऊडी कल जतरूडा
|eUDI kala jatarUDA
|A bad deed has a bad outcome.
|-
|𑚢𑚤𑚝𑚰 𑚙 𑚜𑚶𑚤𑚰𑚦 𑚚𑚴𑚪𑚭 𑚊𑚤𑚝𑚯
|मरनु त ध्रुव थॊड़ा करनी
|maranu ta dhruva th^o.DA karanI
|If one has to die, why make excuses?
|-
|𑚑𑚲𑚃 𑚊𑚭𑚥𑚱 𑚡𑚰𑚙𑚮𑚣𑚭 𑚙𑚲𑚃 𑚛𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚤𑚭 𑚡𑚲𑚪𑚮𑚣𑚴𑚤𑚱
|जेई कालू भुतिया तेई द्वारा भेड़ियोरू
|jeI kAlU bhutiyA teI dvArA bhe.DiyorU
|To ignore some grave danger.
|}


== Script ==
== Script ==
The native script of the language is [[Takri script|Takri]] script.
The native script of the language is [[Takri script|Takri]] script.


== Status ==
== Status ==
The language is commonly called [[Pahari language|Pahari]] or [[Western Pahari|Himachali]]. Some speaker may even call it a dialect of [[Dogri language|Dogri]]. The language has no official status. According to the [[UNESCO|United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)]], the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Churahi children are not learning Churahi as their mother tongue any longer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Endangered languages|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
The language is commonly called [[Pahari language|Pahari]] or [[Western Pahari|Himachali]]. Some speaker may even call it a dialect of [[Dogri language|Dogri]]. The language has no official status. According to the [[UNESCO|United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)]], the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Churahi children are not learning Churahi as their mother tongue any longer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Endangered languages|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered}}</ref>


The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Pahari Inclusion|work=Zee News|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/hp-for-inclusion-of-pahari-language-in-eighth-schedule_615857.html|url-status=live|access-date=}}</ref> There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are taking upto themselves to save the language and demanding it.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Pahari Inclusion|work=The Statesman|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/demand-for-pahari-as-language-in-8th-schedule-of-constitution-1479046804.html|url-status=live|access-date=}}</ref> Due to political interest, the language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi,<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Indian Language Census|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it and having a higher mutual intelligibility with other recognised languages like Dogri and other Western [[Western Pahari|Pahari]] languages.
The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pahari Inclusion|work=Zee News|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/hp-for-inclusion-of-pahari-language-in-eighth-schedule_615857.html}}</ref> There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are striving to save the language.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pahari Inclusion|work=The Statesman|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/demand-for-pahari-as-language-in-8th-schedule-of-constitution-1479046804.html}}</ref> Due to political interest, the language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Language Census|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf}}</ref> even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it and having a higher mutual intelligibility with other recognised languages like Dogri and other Western [[Western Pahari|Pahari]] languages.


== References ==
== References ==
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. -->
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. -->
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Pahari languages]]
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}

[[Category:Northern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]
[[Category:Languages listed as Hindi dialects in latest census]]

Latest revision as of 15:42, 26 November 2024

Churahi
𑚏𑚰𑚤𑚭𑚩𑚯, चुराही
The word "Churahi" written in Devanagari script
Native toHimachal Pradesh
RegionChaurah, Saluni
Native speakers
76,000[1] (2011)[2]
Takri, Devanagari
Language codes
ISO 639-3cdj
Glottologchur1258
ELPChurahi
This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

Churahi (Takri: 𑚏𑚰𑚤𑚭𑚩𑚯) is a Western Pahari language of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is spoken in the Chaurah and Saluni tehsils of Chamba district, and is considered endangered.[3]

Wiktionary has a category on Churahi language.

Adages

[edit]
𑚏𑚰𑚤𑚭𑚩𑚯 चुराही Transliteration (ITRANS) Equivalent Adage or meaning in English
𑚀𑚜𑚜𑚰 𑚢𑚳𑚩𑚘𑚰 𑚀𑚜𑚢𑚭 अधधु मैहणु अधमा adhadhu maihaNu adhamA Empty vessel makes much noise.
𑚆𑚅𑚖𑚯 𑚊𑚥 𑚑𑚙𑚤𑚱𑚖𑚭 एऊडी कल जतरूडा eUDI kala jatarUDA A bad deed has a bad outcome.
𑚢𑚤𑚝𑚰 𑚙 𑚜𑚶𑚤𑚰𑚦 𑚚𑚴𑚪𑚭 𑚊𑚤𑚝𑚯 मरनु त ध्रुव थॊड़ा करनी maranu ta dhruva th^o.DA karanI If one has to die, why make excuses?
𑚑𑚲𑚃 𑚊𑚭𑚥𑚱 𑚡𑚰𑚙𑚮𑚣𑚭 𑚙𑚲𑚃 𑚛𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚤𑚭 𑚡𑚲𑚪𑚮𑚣𑚴𑚤𑚱 जेई कालू भुतिया तेई द्वारा भेड़ियोरू jeI kAlU bhutiyA teI dvArA bhe.DiyorU To ignore some grave danger.

Script

[edit]

The native script of the language is Takri script.

Status

[edit]

The language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali. Some speaker may even call it a dialect of Dogri. The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Churahi children are not learning Churahi as their mother tongue any longer.[4]

The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.[5] There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are striving to save the language.[6] Due to political interest, the language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi,[7] even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it and having a higher mutual intelligibility with other recognised languages like Dogri and other Western Pahari languages.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Total count conflates with Pahari and Hindi
  2. ^ Churahi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  3. ^ "Endangered Language Churahi".
  4. ^ "Endangered languages".
  5. ^ "Pahari Inclusion". Zee News.
  6. ^ "Pahari Inclusion". The Statesman.
  7. ^ "Indian Language Census" (PDF).
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