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[[File:French issued gold Pagoda for Southern India trade cast in Pondicherry 1705 1780.jpg|thumb|350px|[[French East India Company]]-issued "Gold Pagoda" for [[Southern India]] trade, cast in [[Pondicherry]] 1705–1780.]] |
[[File:French issued gold Pagoda for Southern India trade cast in Pondicherry 1705 1780.jpg|thumb|350px|[[French East India Company]]-issued "Gold Pagoda" for [[Southern India]] trade, cast in [[Pondicherry]] 1705–1780.]] |
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The '''pagoda''' was a unit of currency, a coin made of gold or half-gold minted by Indian dynasties as well as the British, the French and the Dutch. It was subdivided into 42 [[fanam (disambiguation)|fanam]]s. The pagoda was issued by various dynasties in medieval southern India, including the [[Kadambas of Hangal]], the [[Kadambas of Goa]], and the [[Vijaynagar Empire|Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.med.unc.edu/~nupam/postg1.html|title=Southern India Coins|publisher=Med.unc.edu|accessdate=2007-03-20|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070204080158/http://www.med.unc.edu/~nupam/postg1.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-02-04}}</ref> |
The '''pagoda''', also called the '''hoon''',<ref>[[Rees's Cyclopædia|''The Cyclopaedia'']], [[Abraham Rees]], ed., London: printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1819, [https://archive.org/details/cyclopaediaoruni26rees/page/29/mode/1up vol. 26, entry "Pagod"].</ref> was a unit of currency, a coin made of gold or half-gold minted by Indian dynasties as well as the British, the French and the Dutch. It was subdivided into 42 [[fanam (disambiguation)|fanam]]s. The pagoda was issued by various dynasties in medieval southern India, including the [[Kadambas of Hangal]], the [[Kadambas of Goa]], and the [[Vijaynagar Empire|Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.med.unc.edu/~nupam/postg1.html|title=Southern India Coins|publisher=Med.unc.edu|accessdate=2007-03-20|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070204080158/http://www.med.unc.edu/~nupam/postg1.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-02-04}}</ref> |
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There were two types of pagoda coined by foreign traders: |
There were two types of pagoda coined by foreign traders: |
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*The most valuable was the star pagoda, 100 of them were worth 350 [[Indian rupee|rupees]], issued by the [[Honourable East India Company|English East India Company]] at [[Madras|Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/04/01/coin8.htm|title=European East India Companies coins|publisher=Chennai Museum|accessdate=2007-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Joseph Blunt|title=The Shipmaster's Assistant, and Commercial Digest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDkSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA372|year=1837|publisher=E. & G.W. Blunt|page=372}}</ref> |
*The most valuable was the star pagoda, 100 of them were worth 350 [[Indian rupee|rupees]], issued by the [[Honourable East India Company|English East India Company]] at [[Madras|Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/04/01/coin8.htm|title=European East India Companies coins|publisher=Chennai Museum|accessdate=2007-03-20|archive-date=28 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928190733/http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/04/01/coin8.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Joseph Blunt|title=The Shipmaster's Assistant, and Commercial Digest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDkSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA372|year=1837|publisher=E. & G.W. Blunt|page=372}}</ref> A star pagoda weighed 3g (of gold).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces61682.html | access-date=26 November 2024 | title = 1 Pagoda | website = numista }}</ref> |
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*The second was the [[Parangipettai]] pagoda, issued by the Dutch at [[Tuticorin|Thoothukudi]] and also by the [[Nawabs of Arcot]], and worth about 25% less than the star pagoda.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/under/research/glossary.html|title = glossary - pagoda|accessdate = 2007-03-20|url-status = dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070126101342/http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/under/research/glossary.html|archivedate = 2007-01-26}}</ref> |
*The second was the [[Parangipettai|Porto Novo]] pagoda, issued by the Dutch at [[Tuticorin|Thoothukudi]] and also by the [[Nawabs of Arcot]], and worth about 25% less than the star pagoda.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/under/research/glossary.html|title = glossary - pagoda|accessdate = 2007-03-20|url-status = dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070126101342/http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/under/research/glossary.html|archivedate = 2007-01-26}}</ref> |
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The French struck local gold "pagodas" and silver "fanams" under contract by the nawabs. The silver coins of the French were called "fanon" which were equivalent to the local "fanam" and could be exchanged at the rate of 26 fanon to one gold pagoda.<ref name=excoins> |
The French struck local gold "pagodas" and silver "fanams" under contract by the nawabs. The silver coins of the French were called "fanon" which were equivalent to the local "fanam" and could be exchanged at the rate of 26 fanon to one gold pagoda.<ref name=excoins>{{Cite web |url=http://exclusivecoins.blogspot.com/2013/01/did-you-know-series-15-chennai-museum.html |title=Exclusive Coins Blogspot, accessed 8 Dec 2015 |access-date=8 December 2015 |archive-date=11 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211150015/http://exclusivecoins.blogspot.com/2013/01/did-you-know-series-15-chennai-museum.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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The local Indian rulers paid their arrears to the French, English and other European East India Companies in Pagodas, such as [[Kattabomman|Veerapandya Kattabomman]], who almost cleared all the revenue arrears leaving only a balance of 1080 Pagodas to the English East India Company before the Palayakararar Wars against the English East India Company began. |
The local Indian rulers paid their arrears to the French, English and other European East India Companies in Pagodas, such as [[Kattabomman|Veerapandya Kattabomman]], who almost cleared all the revenue arrears of his Panchalankurichi Palayam, leaving only a balance of 1080 Pagodas to the English East India Company before the Palayakararar Wars against the English East India Company began. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons|Pagoda (coin)|Pagoda}} |
{{commons|Pagoda (coin)|Pagoda}} |
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*[http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka3.htm Sources of Karnataka History |
*[http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka3.htm Sources of Karnataka History – Numismatics] |
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*[http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/04/01/coin8.htm European East India Companies coins |
*[http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/04/01/coin8.htm European East India Companies coins – photos] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070504014811/http://www.australianstamp.com/Coin-web/aust/earlyaus/proclmtn/pagoda.htm The Pagoda |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070504014811/http://www.australianstamp.com/Coin-web/aust/earlyaus/proclmtn/pagoda.htm The Pagoda – A Proclamation Coin] |
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*[http://www.australian-threepence.com/blog/2008/12/proclamation-coin-indian-gold-pagoda.html Proclamation Coin |
*[http://www.australian-threepence.com/blog/2008/12/proclamation-coin-indian-gold-pagoda.html Proclamation Coin – Indian Gold Pagoda] |
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{{Historic Indian currency and coinage}} |
{{Historic Indian currency and coinage}} |
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Latest revision as of 15:42, 26 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2018) |
The pagoda, also called the hoon,[1] was a unit of currency, a coin made of gold or half-gold minted by Indian dynasties as well as the British, the French and the Dutch. It was subdivided into 42 fanams. The pagoda was issued by various dynasties in medieval southern India, including the Kadambas of Hangal, the Kadambas of Goa, and the Vijayanagara Empire.[2]
There were two types of pagoda coined by foreign traders:
- The most valuable was the star pagoda, 100 of them were worth 350 rupees, issued by the English East India Company at Chennai.[3][4] A star pagoda weighed 3g (of gold).[5]
- The second was the Porto Novo pagoda, issued by the Dutch at Thoothukudi and also by the Nawabs of Arcot, and worth about 25% less than the star pagoda.[6]
The French struck local gold "pagodas" and silver "fanams" under contract by the nawabs. The silver coins of the French were called "fanon" which were equivalent to the local "fanam" and could be exchanged at the rate of 26 fanon to one gold pagoda.[7] The local Indian rulers paid their arrears to the French, English and other European East India Companies in Pagodas, such as Veerapandya Kattabomman, who almost cleared all the revenue arrears of his Panchalankurichi Palayam, leaving only a balance of 1080 Pagodas to the English East India Company before the Palayakararar Wars against the English East India Company began.
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ The Cyclopaedia, Abraham Rees, ed., London: printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1819, vol. 26, entry "Pagod".
- ^ "Southern India Coins". Med.unc.edu. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
- ^ "European East India Companies coins". Chennai Museum. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
- ^ Joseph Blunt (1837). The Shipmaster's Assistant, and Commercial Digest. E. & G.W. Blunt. p. 372.
- ^ "1 Pagoda". numista. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ^ "glossary - pagoda". Archived from the original on 26 January 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
- ^ "Exclusive Coins Blogspot, accessed 8 Dec 2015". Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pagoda.
- Sources of Karnataka History – Numismatics
- European East India Companies coins – photos
- The Pagoda – A Proclamation Coin
- Proclamation Coin – Indian Gold Pagoda
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