Nereu Ramos: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|President of Brazil from 1955 to 1956 (1888–1958)}} |
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{{Portuguese name|de Oliveira|Ramos}} |
{{Portuguese name|de Oliveira|Ramos}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}} |
{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}} |
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| nationality = Brazilian |
| nationality = Brazilian |
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| image = Nereu.gif |
| image = Nereu.gif |
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| term_label = Acting |
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| term_start = 11 November 1955 |
| term_start = 11 November 1955 |
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| term_end = |
| term_end = 31 January 1956 |
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| predecessor = [[Carlos Luz]] (acting) |
| predecessor = [[Carlos Luz]] (acting) |
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| successor = [[Juscelino Kubitschek]] |
| successor = [[Juscelino Kubitschek]] |
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| order = 20th |
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| office = President of Brazil |
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| vicepresident = None |
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| office1 = [[Vice President of Brazil]] |
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| term_start1 = 19 September 1946 |
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| term_end1 = 31 January 1951 |
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| president1 = [[Eurico Gaspar Dutra|Eurico Dutra]] |
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| predecessor1 = [[Fernando de Melo Viana|Melo Viana]] |
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| successor1 = [[Café Filho]] |
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| office2 = [[Vice President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)|Vice President of the Federal Senate]] |
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| term_start2 = 3 February 1955 |
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| term_end2 = 17 November 1955 |
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| predecessor2 = Marcondes Filho |
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| successor2 = Apolônio Sales |
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| office3 = [[President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|President of the Chamber of Deputies]] |
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| term_start3 = 12 March 1951 |
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| term_end3 = 3 February 1955 |
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| predecessor3 = Cirilo Júnior |
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| successor3 = [[Carlos Luz]] |
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{{collapsed infobox section begin |
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| cont = yes |
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| Other offices held |
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| titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |
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| embed = yes |
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| office1 = Federal-level political offices |
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| subterm1 = 1957–1958 |
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| suboffice1 = [[Brazilian Senate|Senator]] for [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] |
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| subterm2 = 1955–1955 |
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| suboffice2 = Senator for Santa Catarina |
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| subterm3 = 1951–1955 |
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| suboffice3 = [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for Santa Catarina |
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| subterm4 = 1946–1946 |
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| suboffice4 = Senator for Santa Catarina |
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| office5 = Ministerial offices |
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| subterm5 = 1956–1956 |
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| suboffice5 = [[Ministry of Education (Brazil)|Minister of Education]] (acting) |
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| subterm6 = 1956–1957 |
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| suboffice6 = [[List of Ministers of Justice of Brazil|Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs]] |
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| office7 = Party political offices |
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| subterm7 = 1947–1949 |
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| suboffice7 = President of the [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|Social Democratic Party]] |
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| subterm8 = 1927–1932 |
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| suboffice8 = President of the Liberal Party of Santa Catarina |
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| office9 = State-level political offices |
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| subterm9 = 1937–1945 |
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| suboffice9 = Federal Intervenor in Santa Catarina |
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| subterm10 = 1935–1937 |
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| suboffice10 = Governor of Santa Catarina |
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| subterm11 = 1919–1921 |
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| suboffice11 = [[Legislative Assembly of Santa Catarina|State Deputy of Santa Catarina]] |
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| subterm12 = 1914–1914 |
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| suboffice12 = Chief of Staff of the President of Santa Catarina |
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| subterm13 = 1911–1912 |
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| suboffice13 = State Deputy of Santa Catarina |
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{{collapsed infobox section end}}}} |
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| birth_name = Nereu de Oliveira Ramos |
| birth_name = Nereu de Oliveira Ramos |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|9|3|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|9|3|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Lages]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], [[Empire of Brazil]] |
| birth_place = [[Lages]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], [[Empire of Brazil]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1958|6|16|1888|9|3| |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1958|6|16|1888|9|3|df=y}} |
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| death_place = [[São José dos Pinhais]], [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], Brazil |
| death_place = [[São José dos Pinhais]], [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], Brazil |
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| spouse = Beatriz Paranhos |
| spouse = {{marriage|Beatriz Paranhos Pederneiras|1916}} |
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| children = 4 |
| children = 4 |
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| party = [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, |
| party = [[Catarinense Republican Party|PRC]] (1911–1931)<br>[[Catarinense Liberal Party|PLC]] (1931–1937)<br>[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]] (1945–1958) |
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| order = <!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter, only exception is the President of the United States. --> |
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| office = [[Interim President of Brazil]] |
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| vicepresident = None |
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| order1 = <!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter, only exception is the President of the United States. --> |
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| office1 = [[Vice President of Brazil]] |
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| term_start1 = 19 September 1946 |
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| term_end1 = 30 January 1951 |
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| president1 = [[Eurico Gaspar Dutra]] |
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| predecessor1 = [[Fernando de Melo Viana]] |
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| successor1 = [[Café Filho]] |
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| office2 = Other offices held |
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| subterm2 = 1957–1958 |
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| suboffice2 = [[Brazilian Senate|Senator]] for [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] |
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| subterm3 = 1956–1956 |
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| suboffice3 = [[Ministry of Education (Brazil)|Minister of Education]] (interim) |
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| subterm4 = 1956–1957 |
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| suboffice4 = [[Ministry of Justice (Brazil)|Minister of Justice and Interior Affairs]] |
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| subterm5 = 1955–1955 |
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| suboffice5 = Vice President of the Federal Senate |
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| subterm6 = 1955–1955 |
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| suboffice6 = Senator for Santa Catarina |
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| subterm7 = 1951–1955 |
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| suboffice7 = [[List of Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|President of the Chamber of Deputies]] |
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| subterm8 = 1951–1955 |
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| suboffice8 = [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for Santa Catarina |
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| subterm9 = 1947–1949 |
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| suboffice9 = Leader, Social Democratic Party |
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| subterm10 = 1946–1946 |
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| suboffice10 = Senator for Santa Catarina |
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| subterm11 = 1937–1945 |
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| suboffice11 = Federal Intervenor in Santa Catarina |
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| subterm12 = 1935–1937 |
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| suboffice12 = Governor of Santa Catarina |
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| subterm13 = 1927–1932 |
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| suboffice13 = Leader, Liberal Party of Santa Catarina |
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| subterm14 = 1919–1921 |
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| suboffice14 = State Deputy, Santa Catarina |
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| subterm15 = 1914–1914 |
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| suboffice15 = Chief of Staff of the President of Santa Catarina |
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| subterm16 = 1911–1912 |
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| suboffice16 = State Deputy, Santa Catarina |
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| father = [[Vidal Ramos (politician)|Vidal Ramos]] |
| father = [[Vidal Ramos (politician)|Vidal Ramos]] |
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| signature = Assinatura de Nereu Ramos.svg |
| signature = Assinatura de Nereu Ramos.svg |
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| footnotes = |
| footnotes = |
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| alma_mater = [[Law School, University of São Paulo|Faculty of Law of Largo de São Francisco]] |
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| otherparty = [[Catarinense Liberal Party|PLC]] (1931–1937) |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Nereu de Oliveira Ramos''' ({{IPA |
'''Nereu de Oliveira Ramos''' ({{IPA|pt|neˈɾew dʒi oliˈvejɾɐ ˈʁɐ̃mus}}; 3 September 1888 – 16 June 1958) was a Brazilian political figure. He briefly served as interim [[president of Brazil]] in the aftermath of the political crisis which culminated in the suicide of President [[Getúlio Vargas]] and the [[Impeachment in Brazil|impeachment]] of Deputy [[Carlos Luz]] and President [[Café Filho]]. |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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===Political career=== |
===Political career=== |
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Ramos was Vice President of the Republic between 1946 and 1951. The 1945 |
Ramos was Vice President of the Republic between 1946 and 1951. The 1945 presidential elections were held for the office of president only, but the Constitution adopted on 18 September 1946 created the office of vice president, and established that the Constituent Assembly would choose the first vice president and swear him in, in the day following the promulgation of the Constitution. Nereu Ramos, until then a senator for Santa Catarina and a member of the Constituent Assembly, was elected vice president in that special election. In his capacity as Vice President of the Republic, Ramos served as [[President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)|President of the Senate]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/pos-1930|title=Pós-1930 - Senado Federal|website=www25.senado.leg.br|access-date=2019-07-09|archive-date=2015-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828035855/https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/pos-1930|url-status=live}}</ref> He served as the [[President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|president of the Chamber of Deputies]] from 1951 to 1955.<ref name="camara">{{Cite web|url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/conheca/historia/presidentes/index.html|title=Presidentes da Câmara dos Deputados|website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados|access-date=2019-07-08|archive-date=2019-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708172959/https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/conheca/historia/presidentes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Ramos was re–elected in 1954 to the Federal Senate as a representative from [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]]. He became the Senate's President ''pro tempore'' in the following year. By this stage President [[Getúlio Vargas]] had taken his own life. There followed a series of brief presidential reigns: Vargas's |
Ramos was re–elected in 1954 to the Federal Senate as a representative from [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]]. He became the Senate's President ''pro tempore'' in the following year. By this stage President [[Getúlio Vargas]] had taken his own life. There followed a series of brief presidential reigns: Vargas's vice president and successor, [[João Café Filho|Café Filho]], took a leave of absence, declaring himself unable to discharge the powers of the presidency due to poor health. By the time President Café Filho took his leave of absence, presidential elections for the next five–year term had been held, and [[Juscelino Kubitschek]] had been elected. Many people suspected that there would be a [[coup d'état]] to prevent the inauguration of the President–elect. Army Minister Henrique Teixeira Lott subscribed to that view, and he considered that President Café Filho had taken his leave of absence because he was in agreement with the supposed coup forces but unwilling to lead the coup himself. His leave of absence allowed the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, [[Carlos Coimbra da Luz|Carlos Luz]], to assume the presidency as Acting President, and Luz was seen as hostile to the inauguration of the President–elect and likely to lead a coup to prevent it. Thus, only 48 hours after Café Filho's declaration of incapacity and the assumption of the powers of the presidency by Carlos Luz, Army Minister Lott led what he called a ''[[1955 Brazilian coup d'état|preventive counter-coup]]'' aimed at securing the inauguration of the President–elect chosen by the people, by avoiding the supposed coup that Luz would allegedly lead. In that preventive counter-coup, Luz was deposed, Café Filho was prohibited from resuming the powers and duties of the presidency (although he was not deposed, he was kept under house arrest for the remaining three months of his presidential term, and was barred from declaring his incapacity terminated), and the next man in the line of presidential succession, Senator Nereu Ramos, the Senate's President ''pro tempore'' assumed the powers of the presidency in the place of Carlos Luz. |
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Ramos assumed the presidency on 11 November 1955, to complete Vargas's term. He served until January 31, 1956, whereupon President–elect Kubitschek was inaugurated. Ramos was the last |
Ramos assumed the presidency on 11 November 1955, to complete Vargas's term. He served until January 31, 1956, whereupon President–elect Kubitschek was inaugurated. Ramos was the last president to have been born in the [[Empire of Brazil]]. |
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==Death== |
==Death== |
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Nereu Ramos died in a [[Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul|Cruzeiro]] airline crash on 16 June 1958, near [[Curitiba]] [[Afonso Pena International Airport]]. |
Nereu Ramos died in a [[Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul|Cruzeiro]] airline crash on 16 June 1958, near [[Curitiba]] [[Afonso Pena International Airport]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 June 2014 |title=Acidente que matou Jorge Lacerda e Nereu Ramos mudou rumo da política em Santa Catarina |url=http://dc.clicrbs.com.br/sc/noticias/noticia/2014/06/acidente-que-matou-jorge-lacerda-e-nereu-ramos-mudou-rumo-da-politica-em-santa-catarina-4526220.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20151124175920/http://dc.clicrbs.com.br/sc/noticias/noticia/2014/06/acidente-que-matou-jorge-lacerda-e-nereu-ramos-mudou-rumo-da-politica-em-santa-catarina-4526220.html |archive-date=24 November 2015 |work=Diário Catarinense}}</ref> |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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[[Category:Presidents of Brazil]] |
[[Category:Presidents of Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Vice presidents of Brazil]] |
[[Category:Vice presidents of Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Ministers of |
[[Category:Ministers of justice of Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Presidents of the Federal Senate]] |
[[Category:Presidents of the Federal Senate (Brazil)]] |
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[[Category:Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)]] |
[[Category:Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)]] |
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[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Santa Catarina]] |
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[[Category:Governors of Santa Catarina (state)]] |
[[Category:Governors of Santa Catarina (state)]] |
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[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Santa Catarina]] |
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[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]] |
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]] |
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[[Category:Brazilian Freemasons]] |
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[[Category:University of São Paulo alumni]] |
[[Category:University of São Paulo alumni]] |
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[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Brazil]] |
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Candidates for Vice President of Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1958]] |
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[[Category:State leaders killed in aviation accidents or incidents]] |
Latest revision as of 16:28, 26 November 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2021) |
Nereu Ramos | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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20th President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acting 11 November 1955 – 31 January 1956 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Carlos Luz (acting) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Juscelino Kubitschek | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 19 September 1946 – 31 January 1951 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
President | Eurico Dutra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Melo Viana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Café Filho | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President of the Federal Senate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 3 February 1955 – 17 November 1955 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Marcondes Filho | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Apolônio Sales | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
President of the Chamber of Deputies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 12 March 1951 – 3 February 1955 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Cirilo Júnior | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Carlos Luz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Born | Nereu de Oliveira Ramos 3 September 1888 Lages, Santa Catarina, Empire of Brazil | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Died | 16 June 1958 São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil | (aged 69)||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political party | PRC (1911–1931) PLC (1931–1937) PSD (1945–1958) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spouse |
Beatriz Paranhos Pederneiras
(m. 1916) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent |
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Alma mater | Faculty of Law of Largo de São Francisco | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Signature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nereu de Oliveira Ramos (Portuguese pronunciation: [neˈɾew dʒi oliˈvejɾɐ ˈʁɐ̃mus]; 3 September 1888 – 16 June 1958) was a Brazilian political figure. He briefly served as interim president of Brazil in the aftermath of the political crisis which culminated in the suicide of President Getúlio Vargas and the impeachment of Deputy Carlos Luz and President Café Filho.
Biography
[edit]Political career
[edit]Ramos was Vice President of the Republic between 1946 and 1951. The 1945 presidential elections were held for the office of president only, but the Constitution adopted on 18 September 1946 created the office of vice president, and established that the Constituent Assembly would choose the first vice president and swear him in, in the day following the promulgation of the Constitution. Nereu Ramos, until then a senator for Santa Catarina and a member of the Constituent Assembly, was elected vice president in that special election. In his capacity as Vice President of the Republic, Ramos served as President of the Senate.[1] He served as the president of the Chamber of Deputies from 1951 to 1955.[2]
Ramos was re–elected in 1954 to the Federal Senate as a representative from Santa Catarina. He became the Senate's President pro tempore in the following year. By this stage President Getúlio Vargas had taken his own life. There followed a series of brief presidential reigns: Vargas's vice president and successor, Café Filho, took a leave of absence, declaring himself unable to discharge the powers of the presidency due to poor health. By the time President Café Filho took his leave of absence, presidential elections for the next five–year term had been held, and Juscelino Kubitschek had been elected. Many people suspected that there would be a coup d'état to prevent the inauguration of the President–elect. Army Minister Henrique Teixeira Lott subscribed to that view, and he considered that President Café Filho had taken his leave of absence because he was in agreement with the supposed coup forces but unwilling to lead the coup himself. His leave of absence allowed the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, Carlos Luz, to assume the presidency as Acting President, and Luz was seen as hostile to the inauguration of the President–elect and likely to lead a coup to prevent it. Thus, only 48 hours after Café Filho's declaration of incapacity and the assumption of the powers of the presidency by Carlos Luz, Army Minister Lott led what he called a preventive counter-coup aimed at securing the inauguration of the President–elect chosen by the people, by avoiding the supposed coup that Luz would allegedly lead. In that preventive counter-coup, Luz was deposed, Café Filho was prohibited from resuming the powers and duties of the presidency (although he was not deposed, he was kept under house arrest for the remaining three months of his presidential term, and was barred from declaring his incapacity terminated), and the next man in the line of presidential succession, Senator Nereu Ramos, the Senate's President pro tempore assumed the powers of the presidency in the place of Carlos Luz.
Ramos assumed the presidency on 11 November 1955, to complete Vargas's term. He served until January 31, 1956, whereupon President–elect Kubitschek was inaugurated. Ramos was the last president to have been born in the Empire of Brazil.
Death
[edit]Nereu Ramos died in a Cruzeiro airline crash on 16 June 1958, near Curitiba Afonso Pena International Airport.[3]
Gallery
[edit]-
President Ramos in 1955
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Outgoing president Nereu Ramos (center) at the inauguration of Juscelino Kubitschek on January 31, 1956
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Statue in Lages, Santa Catarina
References
[edit]- ^ "Pós-1930 - Senado Federal". www25.senado.leg.br. Archived from the original on 2015-08-28. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
- ^ "Presidentes da Câmara dos Deputados". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Archived from the original on 2019-07-08. Retrieved 2019-07-08.
- ^ "Acidente que matou Jorge Lacerda e Nereu Ramos mudou rumo da política em Santa Catarina". Diário Catarinense. 14 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015.
External links
[edit]- 1888 births
- 1958 deaths
- People from Lages
- Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) politicians
- Presidents of Brazil
- Vice presidents of Brazil
- Ministers of justice of Brazil
- Presidents of the Federal Senate (Brazil)
- Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
- Governors of Santa Catarina (state)
- Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Santa Catarina
- Leaders who took power by coup
- University of São Paulo alumni
- Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Brazil
- Candidates for Vice President of Brazil
- Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1958
- State leaders killed in aviation accidents or incidents