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{{short description|German author, philosopher, academic and film director}}
{{short description|German author, philosopher, academic and film director}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2010}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2013}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
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| name = Alexander Kluge
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| caption = Kluge in 2020.
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'''Alexander Kluge''' (born 14 February 1932) is a German author, philosopher, academic and film director.
'''Alexander Kluge''' (born 14 February 1932) is a German author, philosopher, academic and film director.<ref name=Forrest>(editor)
{{cite book| last = Forrest| first = Tara| editor-first1 = Tara| editor-last1 = Forrest| title = Alexander Kluge: Raw Materials for the Imagination| publisher = Amsterdam University Press| series = Film Culture in Transition Series| edition = 1st| date = June 2012| pages = 450| language = English| url = https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048513390| doi = 10.1515/9789048513390| isbn = 9789089642738}}</ref>


==Early life, education and early career==
==Early life, education and early career==
Kluge was born in [[Halberstadt]], [[Province of Saxony]] (now [[Saxony-Anhalt]]), Germany.
Kluge was born in [[Halberstadt]], [[Province of Saxony]] (now [[Saxony-Anhalt]]), Germany.<ref>{{cite book|title=501 Movie Directors|editor-first=Steven Jay|editor-last=Schneider|publisher=Cassell Illustrated|location=London|year=2007|page=354|isbn=9781844035731|oclc=1347156402}}</ref>


After growing up during [[World War II]], he studied history, law and music at the [[University of Marburg]] Germany, and the [[Goethe University Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main]] in Germany. He received his [[Doctor of Law|doctorate in law]] in 1956.
After growing up during [[World War II]], he studied history, law and music at the [[University of Marburg]] Germany, and the [[Goethe University Frankfurt|Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main]] in Germany. He received his [[Doctor of Law|doctorate in law]] in 1956.


While studying in Frankfurt, Kluge befriended the philosopher [[Theodor W. Adorno]], who was teaching at the [[Institute for Social Research]], or [[Frankfurt School]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.freitag.de/autoren/der-freitag/die-aktualitat-adornos | title=Die Aktualität Adornos | first=Alexander | last=Kluge | newspaper=[[Der Freitag]] | date=11 September 2009}}</ref> Kluge served as a legal counsel for the Institute, and began writing his earliest stories during this period. At Adorno's suggestion, he also began to investigate filmmaking, and in 1958, Adorno introduced him to German filmmaker [[Fritz Lang]], for whom Kluge worked as an assistant on the making of ''[[The Tiger of Eschnapur (1959 film)|The Tiger of Eschnapur]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plass|first=Ulrich| title = Dialectic of Regression: Theador W Adorno and Fritz Lang| journal = [[Telos (journal)|Telos]]| volume = 149 | pages = 142 | date = Winter 2009}}</ref>
While studying in Frankfurt, Kluge befriended the philosopher [[Theodor W. Adorno]], who was teaching at the [[Institute for Social Research]], or [[Frankfurt School]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.freitag.de/autoren/der-freitag/die-aktualitat-adornos | title=Die Aktualität Adornos | first=Alexander | last=Kluge | newspaper=[[Der Freitag]] | date=11 September 2009}}</ref> Kluge served as a legal counsel for the Institute, and began writing his earliest stories during this period. At Adorno's suggestion, he also began to investigate filmmaking, and in 1958, Adorno introduced him to German filmmaker [[Fritz Lang]], for whom Kluge worked as an assistant on the making of ''[[The Tiger of Eschnapur (1959 film)|The Tiger of Eschnapur]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plass|first=Ulrich| title = Dialectic of Regression: Theador W Adorno and Fritz Lang| journal = [[Telos (journal)|Telos]]| volume = 149 | pages = 142 | date =Winter 2009}}</ref>


==Cinematic works==
==Cinematic works==
Kluge directed his first film in 1960, ''[[Brutality in Stone]]'', a twelve-minute, black and white, lyrical montage work which, against the German commercial (''[[Papa's Kino]]'') cinematic amnesia of the prior decade, inaugurated an exploration of the [[Nazism|Nazi]] past. The film premièred in 1961 at what would become the showcase for the new generation of German filmmakers, the Westdeutsche Kurzfilmtage (now known as the [[International Short Film Festival Oberhausen]]) in [[Oberhausen]], Germany.
Kluge directed his first film in 1960, ''[[Brutality in Stone]]'', a twelve-minute, black and white, lyrical montage work which, against the German commercial (''[[Papa's Kino]]'') cinematic amnesia of the prior decade, inaugurated an exploration of the [[Nazism|Nazi]] past. The film premièred in 1961 at what would become the showcase for the new generation of German filmmakers, the Westdeutsche Kurzfilmtage (now known as the [[International Short Film Festival Oberhausen]]) in [[Oberhausen]], Germany.


Kluge was one of twenty-six signatories to the [[Oberhausen Manifesto]] of 1962, which marked the launch of the [[New German Cinema]]. That same year, with filmmakers [[Edgar Reitz]] and [[Detlev Schleiermacher]], Kluge established the [[Ulm Institut für Filmgestaltung]], to promote the critical and aesthetic practices of [[Young German Film]] and the New German Cinema.
Kluge was one of twenty-six signatories to the [[Oberhausen Manifesto]] of 1962, which marked the launch of the [[New German Cinema]]. That same year, with filmmakers [[Edgar Reitz]] and [[Detlev Schleiermacher]], Kluge established the [[Ulm Institut für Filmgestaltung]] at the [[Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm]], to promote the critical and aesthetic practices of [[Young German Film]] and the New German Cinema.


In 1965 he was a member of the jury at the [[15th Berlin International Film Festival]].<ref name="berlinale 1965">{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1965/04_jury_1965/04_Jury_1965.html |title=Berlinale 1965: Juries |access-date=2010-02-20 |work=berlinale.de| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100329093704/http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1965/04_jury_1965/04_Jury_1965.html| archive-date= 29 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
In 1965 he was a member of the jury at the [[15th Berlin International Film Festival]].<ref name="berlinale 1965">{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1965/04_jury_1965/04_Jury_1965.html |title=Berlinale 1965: Juries |access-date=20 February 2010 |work=berlinale.de| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100329093704/http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1965/04_jury_1965/04_Jury_1965.html| archive-date= 29 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>


He has gone on to direct a number of films which have an inherent critique of commercial cinema and television through the creation of a ''counter-[[public sphere]]'' and their deployment of experimental forms, including montage. They include ''Abschied von Gestern'' (''[[Yesterday Girl]]'') (1966), an adaptation of Kluge's story "Anita G."; ''Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: Ratlos'' (''[[Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed|Artists under the Big Top: Perplexed]]'') (1968); and ''[[The Assault of the Present on the Rest of Time]]'' (1985).
He went on to direct a number of films which have an inherent critique of commercial cinema and television through the creation of a ''counter-[[public sphere]]'' and their deployment of experimental forms, including montage. They include ''Abschied von Gestern'' (''[[Yesterday Girl]]'') (1966), an adaptation of Kluge's story "Anita G."; ''Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: Ratlos'' (''[[Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed|Artists under the Big Top: Perplexed]]'') (1968); and ''[[The Assault of the Present on the Rest of Time]]'' (1985).


In 2017, Kluge and his studio are featured in the film ''Finite and Infinite Games'' by artist [[Sarah Morris]]. The film, which focuses around the [[Elbphilharmonie]] in Hamburg, Germany, includes debate between Kluge and Morris on architecture, music, and the religious philosophy of American academic [[James P. Carse]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/kunst-wo-gretel-herrscht-1.3375262|title=Wo Gretel herrscht|last=Briegleb|first=Till|work=sueddeutsche.de|access-date=2017-03-24|language=de|issn=0174-4917}}</ref>
In 2017, Kluge and his studio are featured in the film ''Finite and Infinite Games'' by artist [[Sarah Morris]]. The film, which focuses around the [[Elbphilharmonie]] in Hamburg, Germany, includes debate between Kluge and Morris on architecture, music, and the religious philosophy of American academic [[James P. Carse]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/kunst-wo-gretel-herrscht-1.3375262|title=Wo Gretel herrscht|last=Briegleb|first=Till|work=sueddeutsche.de|access-date=24 March 2017|language=de|issn=0174-4917}}</ref>


== Television work ==
== Television work ==
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==Literary works==
==Literary works==
:''"We don't perceive a contradiction between writing books, making films or producing a television program. These days you can't choose how you want to express yourself anymore."''
::—Alexander Kluge

Kluge is also one of the major German fiction writers of the late-20th century and an important social critic. His fictional works, which tend toward the short story form, are significant for their formal experimentation and insistently critical thematics. Constituting a form of [[analytical fiction]], they utilize techniques of narrative disruption, mixed genres, interpolation of non-literary texts and documents, and perspectival shifts. The texts frequently employ a flat, ironic tone. One frequent effect approximates what [[Viktor Shklovsky]] and the [[Russian formalism|Russian formalists]] identified as [[defamiliarization]] or ''ostranenie''. In an interview with ''[[032c]]'' magazine, Kluge described his point of view on writing with a quote by [[Georg Büchner]]: "I've always wanted to see what my head looks like from above." Kluge explains that when "writing literary texts, you look—if you're going about it correctly—down to yourself, to your head from above. Then you no longer have a relationship with yourself. At the most, you have trust in yourself that a text will emerge from this and that you still have the sovereignty and the strength to throw it away if it amounts to nothing."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://032c.com/2003/writing-attitude-alexander-kluge/|title=Writing Attitude: Alexander Kluge|access-date=21 January 2014|publisher=032c}}</ref> Kluge has used several of his stories as the bases for his films.
Kluge is also one of the major German fiction writers of the late-20th century and an important social critic. His fictional works, which tend toward the short story form, are significant for their formal experimentation and insistently critical thematics. Constituting a form of [[analytical fiction]], they utilize techniques of narrative disruption, mixed genres, interpolation of non-literary texts and documents, and perspectival shifts. The texts frequently employ a flat, ironic tone. One frequent effect approximates what [[Viktor Shklovsky]] and the [[Russian formalism|Russian formalists]] identified as [[defamiliarization]] or ''ostranenie''. In an interview with ''[[032c]]'' magazine, Kluge described his point of view on writing with a quote by [[Georg Büchner]]: "I've always wanted to see what my head looks like from above." Kluge explains that when "writing literary texts, you look—if you're going about it correctly—down to yourself, to your head from above. Then you no longer have a relationship with yourself. At the most, you have trust in yourself that a text will emerge from this and that you still have the sovereignty and the strength to throw it away if it amounts to nothing."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://032c.com/2003/writing-attitude-alexander-kluge/|title=Writing Attitude: Alexander Kluge|access-date=21 January 2014|publisher=032c}}</ref> Kluge has used several of his stories as the bases for his films.

⚫
''Learning Processes with a Deadly Outcome'' is one of Kluge's original contributions to the [[science fiction|science-fiction]] genre.


Kluge's major works of social criticism include ''Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung. Zur Organisationsanalyse von bürgerlicher und proletarischer Öffentlichkeit'', co-written with [[Oskar Negt]] and originally published in 1972, and "Geschichte und Eigensinn", also co-authored with Negt. "Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung" has been translated into English as ''Public Sphere and Experience: Toward an Analysis of the Bourgeois and Proletarian Public Sphere'' and "Geschichte und Eigensinn" was translated into English as ''History and Obstinacy,'' published in 2014 by Zone Books.
Kluge's major works of social criticism include ''Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung. Zur Organisationsanalyse von bürgerlicher und proletarischer Öffentlichkeit'', co-written with [[Oskar Negt]] and originally published in 1972, and "Geschichte und Eigensinn", also co-authored with Negt. "Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung" has been translated into English as ''Public Sphere and Experience: Toward an Analysis of the Bourgeois and Proletarian Public Sphere'' and "Geschichte und Eigensinn" was translated into English as ''History and Obstinacy,'' published in 2014 by Zone Books.
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He has also published numerous texts on literary, film and television criticism. In discussing his literary technique of blending fiction and reality with author [[Gary Indiana]], Kluge also offers a critique of the media industry's presentation of "reality", which he asserts is intrinsically false:
He has also published numerous texts on literary, film and television criticism. In discussing his literary technique of blending fiction and reality with author [[Gary Indiana]], Kluge also offers a critique of the media industry's presentation of "reality", which he asserts is intrinsically false:
<blockquote> ...Human beings are not interested in reality. They can’t be; it’s the human essence. They have wishes. These wishes are strictly opposed to any ugly form of reality. They prefer to lie than to become divorced from their wishes...[they] forget everything and can give up everything except this principle of misunderstanding reality, the subjective... If this is real, then the media industry is realistic in telling fiction, and the construction of reality founded on this basis can only lie. This is one of the reasons why history isn’t realistic: it’s not documentary, it’s not genuine, and it’s not necessary.<ref>{{cite web | last=Indiana | first=Gary | url=http://bombsite.tierradev.com/admin/article/1192/edit | title=Interview with Alexander Kluge | work=[[BOMB Magazine]] | date=Spring 1989 | access-date=15 May 2013 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote> ...Human beings are not interested in reality. They can't be; it's the human essence. They have wishes. These wishes are strictly opposed to any ugly form of reality. They prefer to lie than to become divorced from their wishes...[they] forget everything and can give up everything except this principle of misunderstanding reality, the subjective... If this is real, then the media industry is realistic in telling fiction, and the construction of reality founded on this basis can only lie. This is one of the reasons why history isn't realistic: it's not documentary, it's not genuine, and it's not necessary.<ref>{{cite web | last=Indiana | first=Gary | url=http://bombsite.tierradev.com/admin/article/1192/edit | title=Interview with Alexander Kluge | work=[[BOMB Magazine]] | date=Spring 1989 | access-date=15 May 2013 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref></blockquote>


⚫
''Learning Processes with a Deadly Outcome'' (1973) is one of Kluge's original contributions to the [[science fiction|science-fiction]] genre.
⚫
Since 2016 Kluge has been collaborating with the American writer [[Ben Lerner]]. Their collaborations are collected in ''The Snows of Venice,'' published in 2018 by Spector Books.


In 2000, he published ''Chronik der Gefühle'' (''Chronicle of Feelings''), which critic Matthew D. Miller describes as a "modern epic".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Miller|first=Matthew D.|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv47w9rp|title=The German Epic in the Cold War: Peter Weiss, Uwe Johnson, and Alexander Kluge|date=2018|publisher=Northwestern University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv47w9rp |jstor=j.ctv47w9rp |isbn=978-0-8101-3733-2|s2cid=165676561 }}</ref>
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==Awards==
His awards include the [[Italienischer Literaturpreis Isola d'Elba|Italian Literature Prize Isola d'Elba]] (1967), and almost every major German-language literary prize, including the [[Kleist Prize|Heinrich von Kleist Prize]] (1985), the [[Heinrich-Böll-Preis]] (1993) and the [[Schiller Memorial Prize]] (2001).


⚫
Since 2016 Kluge has been collaborating with the American writer [[Ben Lerner]]. Their collaborations are collected in ''The Snows of Venice,'' published in 2018 by Spector Books.
Kluge received the [[Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Award]] for TV Journalism (2001).


⚫
==Personal life==
He has also received the [[Georg Büchner Prize|Georg-Büchner-Preis]] (2003), Germany's highest literary award.
⚫
His sister, [[Alexandra Kluge]], was a film actress.


⚫
==Awards and honors==
In recent years Kluge received the triennial [[Theodor W. Adorno Award|Adorno prize]] of 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title = Alexander Kluge receives Adorno Award | last=Gregersen | first=Thomas | publisher = Political Theory – Habermas and Rawls |date = 11 September 2009 | url = http://habermas-rawls.blogspot.nl/2009/09/alexander-kluge-receives-adorno-award.html}}</ref>
His awards include the [[Italienischer Literaturpreis Isola d'Elba|Italian Literature Prize Isola d'Elba]] (1967), and almost every major German-language literary prize, including the [[Kleist Prize|Heinrich von Kleist Prize]] (1985), the [[Heinrich-Böll-Preis]] (1993) and the [[Schiller Memorial Prize]] (2001). Kluge received the [[Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Award]] for TV Journalism (2001). He has also received the [[Georg Büchner Prize]] (2003), Germany's highest literary award. In recent years Kluge received the triennial [[Theodor W. Adorno Award]] of 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title = Alexander Kluge receives Adorno Award | last=Gregersen | first=Thomas | publisher = Political Theory – Habermas and Rawls |date = 11 September 2009 | url = http://habermas-rawls.blogspot.nl/2009/09/alexander-kluge-receives-adorno-award.html}}</ref> In 2010 Kluge received the Grimme Award, one of the most important German television awards, in the category "Special mention" in honour of his lifetime achievements.<ref>{{cite web |title = Grimme-Preis 2010 |url = http://www.grimme-institut.de/html/index.php?id=1012#c6654 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140821003131/http://www.grimme-institut.de/html/index.php?id=1012#c6654 |archive-date = 21 August 2014 |df = dmy-all }}</ref>


* 2024: [[Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts]]<ref name="b180">{{cite web | title=Kluge | website=ORDEN POUR LE MÉRITE | url=https://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/mitglieder/alexander-ernst-kluge | language=de | access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref>
In 2010 Kluge received the Grimme Award, one of the most important German television awards, in the category "Special mention" in honour of his lifetime achievements.<ref>{{cite web |title = Grimme-Preis 2010 |url = http://www.grimme-institut.de/html/index.php?id=1012#c6654 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140821003131/http://www.grimme-institut.de/html/index.php?id=1012#c6654 |archive-date = 21 August 2014 |df = dmy-all }}</ref>


==Selected filmography==
==Selected filmography==
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* 1973 ''[[Gelegenheitsarbeit einer Sklavin]]'' (director and screenwriter)
* 1973 ''[[Gelegenheitsarbeit einer Sklavin]]'' (director and screenwriter)
* 1974 ''{{Interlanguage link multi|In Gefahr und größter Not bringt der Mittelweg den Tod|de}}'' (co-director: [[Edgar Reitz]])
* 1974 ''{{Interlanguage link multi|In Gefahr und größter Not bringt der Mittelweg den Tod|de}}'' (co-director: [[Edgar Reitz]])
* 1976 ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Der starke Ferdinand|de|Der starke Ferdinand|fr|Ferdinand le radical}}'' (director, narrator, producer and screenwriter)
* 1976 ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Strongman Ferdinand|de|Der starke Ferdinand|fr|Ferdinand le radical|it|Ferdinando il duro}}'' (director, narrator, producer and screenwriter)
* 1978 ''[[Germany in Autumn]]'' (director and screenwriter, along with three other filmmakers)
* 1978 ''[[Germany in Autumn]]'' (director and screenwriter, along with three other filmmakers)
* 1979 ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Die Patriotin|fr|3=La Patriote|lt=Die Patriotin}}'' (director and producer)
* 1979 ''{{Interlanguage link multi|The Patriotic Woman|fr|La Patriote}}'' (director and producer)
* 1980 ''[[The Candidate (1980 film)|The Candidate]]'' (director)
* 1980 ''[[The Candidate (1980 film)|The Candidate]]'' (director)
* 1982 ''Biermann-Film'' (director)
* 1982 ''Biermann-Film'' (director)
* 1983 ''[[Die Macht der Gefühle]]'' (director, narrator, producer and screenwriter)
* 1982 ''[[War and Peace (1982 film)|War and Peace]]'' (director and screenwriter (adapted from his book))
* 1983 ''Krieg und Frieden'' (director and screenwriter (adapted from his book))
* 1983 ''{{ill|The Power of Feelings|de|Die Macht der Gefühle}}'' (director, narrator, producer and screenwriter)
* 1985 ''Vermischte Nachrichten'' (director, producer and screenwriter)
* 1985 ''Vermischte Nachrichten'' (director, producer and screenwriter)
* 1986 ''The Blind Director'' (director and screenwriter)
* 1986 ''The Blind Director'' (director and screenwriter)
* 1989 ''Schweinegeld, Ein Märchen der Gebrüder Nimm'' (producer)
* 1989 ''{{Ill|C*A*S*H: A Political Fairy Tale|de|Schweinegeld – Ein Märchen der Gebrüder Nimm}}'' (producer)
* 1995 ''Die Nacht der Regisseure'' (actor – as himself (uncredited))
* 1995 ''Die Nacht der Regisseure'' (actor – as himself (uncredited))
* 2008 ''Nachrichten aus der ideologischen Antike: Marx – Eisenstein – Das Kapital'' (director and screenwriter)
* 2008 ''Nachrichten aus der ideologischen Antike: Marx – Eisenstein – Das Kapital'' (director and screenwriter)
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* ''Die Universitäts-Selbstverwaltung. Ihre Geschichte und gegenwärtige Rechtsform'' (1958).
* ''Die Universitäts-Selbstverwaltung. Ihre Geschichte und gegenwärtige Rechtsform'' (1958).
* ''Lebensläufe'' (1962). ''Attendance List for a Funeral'', trans. [[Leila Vennewitz]] (1966); later reprinted as ''Case Histories'' (1988). This collection includes the story "Anita G.", which Kluge adapted into the film ''Yesterday Girl''.
* ''Lebensläufe'' (1962). ''Attendance List for a Funeral'', trans. [[Leila Vennewitz]] (1966); later reprinted as ''Case Histories'' (1988).
**This collection includes the story "[[Anita G.]]", which Kluge adapted into the film ''[[Yesterday Girl]]''. Vennewitz's translation does not include "Korti" and in its place includes three additional stories not in the original German collection: "Attendance List for a Funeral", "Sergeant Major Hans Peickert", and "Mandorf".
* ''Schlachtbeschreibung'' (1964). ''[[The Battle (Kluge novel)|The Battle]]'', trans. Leila Vennewitz (1967).
* ''Schlachtbeschreibung'' (1964). ''[[The Battle (Kluge novel)|The Battle]]'', trans. Leila Vennewitz (1967).
* ''Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: ratlos. Die Ungläubige. Projekt Z. Sprüche der Leni Peickert'' (1968)
* ''Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: ratlos. Die Ungläubige. Projekt Z. Sprüche der Leni Peickert'' (1968)
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* ''Lernprozesse mit tödlichem Ausgang'' (1973). ''Learning Processes with a Deadly Outcome'', trans. Christopher Pavsek (Duke University Press, 1996).
* ''Lernprozesse mit tödlichem Ausgang'' (1973). ''Learning Processes with a Deadly Outcome'', trans. Christopher Pavsek (Duke University Press, 1996).
* ''Gelegenheitsarbeit einer Sklavin. Zur realistischen Methode'' (1975).
* ''Gelegenheitsarbeit einer Sklavin. Zur realistischen Methode'' (1975).
* ''Unheimlichkeit der Zeit. Neue Geschichten'' (1977). ''New Stories, Notebooks 1–18: "The Uncanniness of Time"'', partially trans. Joyce Rheuban (1988). A collection of several hundred stories, some only one-page long, interspersed with documents, charts and images.
* ''Unheimlichkeit der Zeit. Neue Geschichten'' (1977). ''New Stories, Notebooks 1–18: "The Uncanniness of Time"''. A collection of several hundred stories, some only one-page long, interspersed with documents, charts and images.
* ''Die Patriotin. Texte/Bilder 1–6'' (1979).
* ''Die Patriotin. Texte/Bilder 1–6'' (1979).
* ''Geschichte und Eigensinn'' (with Oskar Negt) (1981). ''History and Obstinacy'', trans. Richard Langston (Zone Books, 2014).
* ''Geschichte und Eigensinn'' (with Oskar Negt) (1981). ''History and Obstinacy'', trans. Richard Langston (Zone Books, 2014).
* ''Die Macht der Gefühle'' (1984). ''The Power of Feelings''.
* ''Die Macht der Gefühle'' (1984). ''The Power of Feelings''.
*''Maßverhältnisse des Politischen'' (with Oskar Negt) (1992).
* ''Die Wächter des Sarkophags. 10 Jahre Tschernobyl'' (1996).
* ''Die Wächter des Sarkophags. 10 Jahre Tschernobyl'' (1996).
* ''In Gefahr und größter Not bringt der Mittelweg den Tod. Texte zu Kino, Film, Politik'' (1999).
* ''In Gefahr und größter Not bringt der Mittelweg den Tod. Texte zu Kino, Film, Politik'' (1999).
* ''Chronik der Gefühle'' (2000). ''Chronicle of Feelings''. Two volumes: ''Basisgeschichten'' and ''Lebensläufe''. Critic Matthew D. Miller describes this work as a "modern epic".''<ref>''The German Epic in the Cold War: Peter Weiss, Uwe Johnson, and Alexander Kluge.'' Northwestern University Press, 2018, chap. 4.</ref>''
* ''Chronik der Gefühle'' (2000). ''Chronicle of Emotions''. In two volumes: ''Basisgeschichten'' and ''Lebensläufe''. Includes, in addition to a large amount of new material: ''Schlachtbeschreibung'' (1964); ''Unheimlichkeit der Zeit'' (1977); ''Lernprozesse mit tödlichem Ausgang'' (1973); and ''Lebensläufe'' (1962)''.''
* ''Der unterschätzte Mensch. Gemeinsame Philosophie in zwei Bänden'' (with Oskar Negt) (2001). ''The Undervalued Man''. A two-volume edition including ''Suchbegriffe'' (26 conversations and interviews first published in a book format), ''Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung'', ''Die Maßverhältnisse des Politischen'' (a completely updated and revised edition Oskar Negt's and Alexander Kluge's critique of [[Realpolitik]]), and ''Geschichte und Eigensinn''.
* ''Der unterschätzte Mensch'' (with Oskar Negt) (2001). ''The Undervalued Man''. In two volumes. The first book includes: ''Suchbegriffe'' (26 conversations and interviews); ''Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung''; and ''Maßverhältnisse des Politischen'' (revised). The second book is ''Geschichte und Eigensinn''.
* ''Verdeckte Ermittlung'' (2001).
* ''Verdeckte Ermittlung'' (2001).
* ''Die Kunst, Unterschiede zu machen'' (2003).
* ''Die Kunst, Unterschiede zu machen'' (2003).
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* ''Tür an Tür mit einem anderen Leben. 350 neue Geschichten'' (2006).
* ''Tür an Tür mit einem anderen Leben. 350 neue Geschichten'' (2006).
* ''Geschichten vom Kino'' (2007). ''Cinema Stories'', trans. Martin Brady and Helen Hughes (New Directions, 2007).
* ''Geschichten vom Kino'' (2007). ''Cinema Stories'', trans. Martin Brady and Helen Hughes (New Directions, 2007).
⚫
* ''[[Air Raid (text)|Der Luftangriff auf Halberstadt am 8. April 1945]]'' (2008). ''Air Raid'', trans. Martin Chalmers (Seagull Books, 2012).
* ''Eigentum am Lebenslauf – Das Gesamte im Werk des Alexander Kluge'' (2007).
⚫
* ''Der Luftangriff auf Halberstadt am 8. April 1945'' (2008). ''Air Raid'', trans. Martin Chalmers (Seagull Books, 2012).
* ''Soll und Haben. Fernsehgespräche'' (with Joseph Vogl) (2009).
* ''Soll und Haben. Fernsehgespräche'' (with Joseph Vogl) (2009).
* ''Das Labyrinth der zärtlichen Kraft. 166 Liebesgeschichten'' (2009).
* ''Das Labyrinth der zärtlichen Kraft. 166 Liebesgeschichten'' (2009). ''The Labyrinth of Tender Force: 166 Love Stories'', trans. Wieland Hoban (Seagull Books, 2019).


* ''Dezember'' (with [[Gerhard Richter]]) (2010). ''December'', trans. Martin Chalmers (Seagull Books, 2012).
* ''Dezember'' (with [[Gerhard Richter]]) (2010). ''December'', trans. Martin Chalmers (Seagull Books, 2012).


* ''Das Bohren harter Bretter. 133 politische Geschichten'' (2011). ''Drilling Through Hard Boards: 133 Political Stories'', trans. Wieland Hoban (Seagull Books, 2017).
* ''Das Bohren harter Bretter. 133 politische Geschichten'' (2011). ''Drilling Through Hard Boards: 133 Political Stories'', trans. Wieland Hoban (Seagull Books, 2017).
* ''Die Pranke der Natur (und wir Menschen) – Das Erdbeben in Japan, das die Welt bewegte, und das Zeichen von Tschernobyl'' (2011).
* ''Das fünfte Buch: Neue Lebensläufe. 402 Geschichten'' (2012).
* ''Das fünfte Buch: Neue Lebensläufe. 402 Geschichten'' (2012).
* ''Personen und Reden'' (2012).
* ''Personen und Reden'' (2012).
Line 133: Line 129:
* ''"Wer ein Wort des Trostes spricht, ist ein Verräter." 48 Geschichten für [[Fritz Bauer]]'' (2013). ''Anyone Who Utters a Consoling Word Is a Traitor: 48 Stories for Fritz Bauer'', trans. Alta L. Price (Seagull Books, 2020).
* ''"Wer ein Wort des Trostes spricht, ist ein Verräter." 48 Geschichten für [[Fritz Bauer]]'' (2013). ''Anyone Who Utters a Consoling Word Is a Traitor: 48 Stories for Fritz Bauer'', trans. Alta L. Price (Seagull Books, 2020).
* ''Nachricht von ruhigen Momenten'' (with [[Gerhard Richter]]) (2013). ''Dispatches from Moments of Calm'', trans. Nathaniel McBride (Seagull Books, 2016).
* ''Nachricht von ruhigen Momenten'' (with [[Gerhard Richter]]) (2013). ''Dispatches from Moments of Calm'', trans. Nathaniel McBride (Seagull Books, 2016).
* ''30. April 1945 – Der Tag, an dem Hitler sich erschoß und die Westbindung der Deutschen begann'' (with [[Reinhard Jirgl]]) (2014). ''The 30th of April 1945'', trans. Wieland Hoban and Iain Galbraith (Seagull Books, 2015).
* ''30. April 1945'' (with [[Reinhard Jirgl]]) (2014). ''30 April 1945: The Day Hitler Shot Himself and Germany's Integration with the West Began'', trans. Wieland Hoban and Iain Galbraith (Seagull Books, 2015).
* ''Le Moment fugitif'' (2014).
* ''Le Moment fugitif'' (2014).
* ''Kongs große Stunde. Chronik des Zusammenhangs'' (2015). ''Kong's Finest Hour: A Chronicle of Connections'' (Seagull Books, 2021).
* ''Kongs große Stunde. Chronik des Zusammenhangs'' (2015). ''Kong's Finest Hour: A Chronicle of Connections'' (Seagull Books, 2021).
Line 139: Line 135:
* ''Weltverändernder Zorn: Nachricht von den Gegenfüßlern'' (with [[Georg Baselitz]]) (2017). ''World-Changing Rage: News of the Antipodeans'', trans. Katy Derbyshire (Seagull Books, 2019).
* ''Weltverändernder Zorn: Nachricht von den Gegenfüßlern'' (with [[Georg Baselitz]]) (2017). ''World-Changing Rage: News of the Antipodeans'', trans. Katy Derbyshire (Seagull Books, 2019).
* ''Schnee über Venedig'' (with [[Ben Lerner]]) (2018). ''The Snows of Venice'' (2018).
* ''Schnee über Venedig'' (with [[Ben Lerner]]) (2018). ''The Snows of Venice'' (2018).
* ''Russland-Kontainer'' (2020).
* ''Russland-Kontainer'' (2020). ''Russia Container'', trans. Alexander Booth (Seagull Books, 2022).
* ''Trotzdem'' (with [[Ferdinand von Schirach]]) (2020).
* ''Trotzdem'' (with [[Ferdinand von Schirach]]) (2020).
* ''Senkblei der Geschichten'' (with [[Joseph Vogl]]) (2020).
* ''Senkblei der Geschichten'' (with [[Joseph Vogl]]) (2020).
* ''Zirkus / Kommentar'' (2022).
* ''Zirkus / Kommentar'' (2022). ''Circus / Commentary'', trans. Alexander Booth (Seagull Books, 2024).
* ''Das Buch der Kommentare. Unruhiger Garten der Seele'' (2022).
* ''Das Buch der Kommentare. Unruhiger Garten der Seele'' (2022). ''The Book of Commentary / Unquiet Garden of the Soul'', trans. Alexander Booth (Seagull Books, 2023).
* ''Kriegsfibel 2023'' (2023). ''War Primer'', trans. Alexander Booth (Seagull Books, 2024)
* ''Der Konjunktiv der Bilder: Meine virtuelle Kamera (K.I.)'' (2024). ''The Dragon-Fly's Eye: My Virtual Camera,'' trans. Alexander Booth (Spector Books, 2024).<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander Kluge: Der Konjunktiv der Bilder Meine virtuelle Kamera (K.I.) |url=https://spectorbooks.com/book/alexander-kluge-der-konjunktiv-der-bilder |website=Spector Books}}</ref>


=== Compilations in English ===
=== Compilations in English ===


* ''Alexander Kluge: Theoretical Writings, Stories, and an Interview''. ''[[October (journal)|October]]'', Vol. 46 (1988).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vol. 46, Autumn, 1988 of October on JSTOR|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i231788|access-date=14 October 2021|website=www.jstor.org|language=en}}</ref>
⚫
* ''Temple of the Scapegoat: Opera Stories'' (New Directions, 2018)
* (editor) {{cite book| last = Forrest| first = Tara| editor-first1 = Tara| editor-last1 = Forrest| title = Alexander Kluge: Raw Materials for the Imagination| publisher = Amsterdam University Press| date = June 2012| pages = 450| language = English| url = https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048513390| doi = 10.1515/9789048513390| isbn = 9789089642738}}
*''The Labyrinth of Tender Force: 166 Love Stories'' (Seagull Books, 2019)
⚫
*''Temple of the Scapegoat: Opera Stories'' (New Directions, 2018)
*''Difference and Orientation: An Alexander Kluge Reader''. Edited by Richard Langston (Cornell University, 2019)
*''Difference and Orientation: An Alexander Kluge Reader''. Edited by Richard Langston (Cornell University, 2019)
*''The Principles of Life on Black Friday: Chronicle of Emotions, Notebook 1'', trans. Martin Chalmers and Richard Langston (Seagull Books, 2023)

⚫
==Personal life==
⚫
His sister, [[Alexandra Kluge]], was a film actress.


==References==
==References==
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* {{isfdb name}}
* {{isfdb name}}


{{Alexander Kluge}}
{{New German Cinema}}
{{Georg Büchner Prize}}
{{Georg Büchner Prize}}
{{German literature}}
{{German literature}}
{{Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement}}
{{Schiller Memorial Prize winners}}
{{Schiller Memorial Prize winners}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Best Director German Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Director German Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Directors of Golden Lion winners]]
[[Category:Directors of Golden Lion winners]]
[[Category:Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement recipients]]

Latest revision as of 17:30, 26 November 2024

Alexander Kluge
Kluge in 2020
Born (1932-02-14) 14 February 1932 (age 92)
Halberstadt, Province of Saxony, Germany
Occupation(s)Author, film director
Websitewww.kluge-alexander.de

Alexander Kluge (born 14 February 1932) is a German author, philosopher, academic and film director.[1]

Early life, education and early career

[edit]

Kluge was born in Halberstadt, Province of Saxony (now Saxony-Anhalt), Germany.[2]

After growing up during World War II, he studied history, law and music at the University of Marburg Germany, and the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main in Germany. He received his doctorate in law in 1956.

While studying in Frankfurt, Kluge befriended the philosopher Theodor W. Adorno, who was teaching at the Institute for Social Research, or Frankfurt School.[3] Kluge served as a legal counsel for the Institute, and began writing his earliest stories during this period. At Adorno's suggestion, he also began to investigate filmmaking, and in 1958, Adorno introduced him to German filmmaker Fritz Lang, for whom Kluge worked as an assistant on the making of The Tiger of Eschnapur.[4]

Cinematic works

[edit]

Kluge directed his first film in 1960, Brutality in Stone, a twelve-minute, black and white, lyrical montage work which, against the German commercial (Papa's Kino) cinematic amnesia of the prior decade, inaugurated an exploration of the Nazi past. The film premièred in 1961 at what would become the showcase for the new generation of German filmmakers, the Westdeutsche Kurzfilmtage (now known as the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen) in Oberhausen, Germany.

Kluge was one of twenty-six signatories to the Oberhausen Manifesto of 1962, which marked the launch of the New German Cinema. That same year, with filmmakers Edgar Reitz and Detlev Schleiermacher, Kluge established the Ulm Institut für Filmgestaltung at the Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm, to promote the critical and aesthetic practices of Young German Film and the New German Cinema.

In 1965 he was a member of the jury at the 15th Berlin International Film Festival.[5]

He went on to direct a number of films which have an inherent critique of commercial cinema and television through the creation of a counter-public sphere and their deployment of experimental forms, including montage. They include Abschied von Gestern (Yesterday Girl) (1966), an adaptation of Kluge's story "Anita G."; Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: Ratlos (Artists under the Big Top: Perplexed) (1968); and The Assault of the Present on the Rest of Time (1985).

In 2017, Kluge and his studio are featured in the film Finite and Infinite Games by artist Sarah Morris. The film, which focuses around the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg, Germany, includes debate between Kluge and Morris on architecture, music, and the religious philosophy of American academic James P. Carse.[6]

Television work

[edit]

In 1987, Kluge founded the television production company Development Company for Television Program mbH (DCTP), which produces late-night and night-time independent television slots on the private channels RTL Television, Sat.1, and VOX.

Much of the DCTP programs consist of television documentaries by Kluge (often characterized by the lack of spoken narration and a heavy reliance upon text as well as graphical montages and image editing) as well as many interviews Kluge leads with various international personalities from the fields of arts, entertainment, science, philosophy, and politics. Some of the interviewed are fictitious characters portrayed by professional actors Helge Schneider and Peter Berling, or factual people parodied by the two, including, but not limited to, Adolf Hitler, historical Roman generals, Napoleon's political advisors, or the lawyer of Michael Jackson.

Beside Kluge's own productions, DCTP also co-produces so-called Magazinsendungen, which are investigatory programs in cooperation with Der Spiegel (SPIEGEL TV), Stern (stern TV [de]), Süddeutsche Zeitung (Süddeutsche TV), Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ Format), and the British Broadcasting Corporation.

Literary works

[edit]

Kluge is also one of the major German fiction writers of the late-20th century and an important social critic. His fictional works, which tend toward the short story form, are significant for their formal experimentation and insistently critical thematics. Constituting a form of analytical fiction, they utilize techniques of narrative disruption, mixed genres, interpolation of non-literary texts and documents, and perspectival shifts. The texts frequently employ a flat, ironic tone. One frequent effect approximates what Viktor Shklovsky and the Russian formalists identified as defamiliarization or ostranenie. In an interview with 032c magazine, Kluge described his point of view on writing with a quote by Georg Büchner: "I've always wanted to see what my head looks like from above." Kluge explains that when "writing literary texts, you look—if you're going about it correctly—down to yourself, to your head from above. Then you no longer have a relationship with yourself. At the most, you have trust in yourself that a text will emerge from this and that you still have the sovereignty and the strength to throw it away if it amounts to nothing."[7] Kluge has used several of his stories as the bases for his films.

Kluge's major works of social criticism include Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung. Zur Organisationsanalyse von bürgerlicher und proletarischer Öffentlichkeit, co-written with Oskar Negt and originally published in 1972, and "Geschichte und Eigensinn", also co-authored with Negt. "Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung" has been translated into English as Public Sphere and Experience: Toward an Analysis of the Bourgeois and Proletarian Public Sphere and "Geschichte und Eigensinn" was translated into English as History and Obstinacy, published in 2014 by Zone Books.

"Public Sphere and Experience" revisits and expands Jürgen Habermas's notion of the public sphere (which he articulated in his book Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere) and calls for the development of a new "proletarian public sphere" grounded in the life experience of the working class. "Geschichte und Eigensinn" continues this project and tries to rethink the very nature of proletarian experience and develops a theory of "living labour" grounded in the work of Karl Marx.

He has also published numerous texts on literary, film and television criticism. In discussing his literary technique of blending fiction and reality with author Gary Indiana, Kluge also offers a critique of the media industry's presentation of "reality", which he asserts is intrinsically false:

...Human beings are not interested in reality. They can't be; it's the human essence. They have wishes. These wishes are strictly opposed to any ugly form of reality. They prefer to lie than to become divorced from their wishes...[they] forget everything and can give up everything except this principle of misunderstanding reality, the subjective... If this is real, then the media industry is realistic in telling fiction, and the construction of reality founded on this basis can only lie. This is one of the reasons why history isn't realistic: it's not documentary, it's not genuine, and it's not necessary.[8]

Learning Processes with a Deadly Outcome (1973) is one of Kluge's original contributions to the science-fiction genre.

In 2000, he published Chronik der Gefühle (Chronicle of Feelings), which critic Matthew D. Miller describes as a "modern epic".[9]

Since 2016 Kluge has been collaborating with the American writer Ben Lerner. Their collaborations are collected in The Snows of Venice, published in 2018 by Spector Books.

Personal life

[edit]

His sister, Alexandra Kluge, was a film actress.

Awards and honors

[edit]

His awards include the Italian Literature Prize Isola d'Elba (1967), and almost every major German-language literary prize, including the Heinrich von Kleist Prize (1985), the Heinrich-Böll-Preis (1993) and the Schiller Memorial Prize (2001). Kluge received the Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Award for TV Journalism (2001). He has also received the Georg Büchner Prize (2003), Germany's highest literary award. In recent years Kluge received the triennial Theodor W. Adorno Award of 2009.[10] In 2010 Kluge received the Grimme Award, one of the most important German television awards, in the category "Special mention" in honour of his lifetime achievements.[11]

Selected filmography

[edit]

Selected bibliography

[edit]
  • Die Universitäts-Selbstverwaltung. Ihre Geschichte und gegenwärtige Rechtsform (1958).
  • Lebensläufe (1962). Attendance List for a Funeral, trans. Leila Vennewitz (1966); later reprinted as Case Histories (1988).
    • This collection includes the story "Anita G.", which Kluge adapted into the film Yesterday Girl. Vennewitz's translation does not include "Korti" and in its place includes three additional stories not in the original German collection: "Attendance List for a Funeral", "Sergeant Major Hans Peickert", and "Mandorf".
  • Schlachtbeschreibung (1964). The Battle, trans. Leila Vennewitz (1967).
  • Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: ratlos. Die Ungläubige. Projekt Z. Sprüche der Leni Peickert (1968)
  • Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung – Zur Organisationsanalyse von bürgerlicher und proletarischer Öffentlichkeit (with Oskar Negt) (1972). Public Sphere and Experience: Analysis of the Bourgeois and Proletarian Public, trans. Peter Labany, Jamie Owen Daniel, and Assenka Oksiloff (Verso Books, 2016).
  • Lernprozesse mit tödlichem Ausgang (1973). Learning Processes with a Deadly Outcome, trans. Christopher Pavsek (Duke University Press, 1996).
  • Gelegenheitsarbeit einer Sklavin. Zur realistischen Methode (1975).
  • Unheimlichkeit der Zeit. Neue Geschichten (1977). New Stories, Notebooks 1–18: "The Uncanniness of Time". A collection of several hundred stories, some only one-page long, interspersed with documents, charts and images.
  • Die Patriotin. Texte/Bilder 1–6 (1979).
  • Geschichte und Eigensinn (with Oskar Negt) (1981). History and Obstinacy, trans. Richard Langston (Zone Books, 2014).
  • Die Macht der Gefühle (1984). The Power of Feelings.
  • Maßverhältnisse des Politischen (with Oskar Negt) (1992).
  • Die Wächter des Sarkophags. 10 Jahre Tschernobyl (1996).
  • In Gefahr und größter Not bringt der Mittelweg den Tod. Texte zu Kino, Film, Politik (1999).
  • Chronik der Gefühle (2000). Chronicle of Emotions. In two volumes: Basisgeschichten and Lebensläufe. Includes, in addition to a large amount of new material: Schlachtbeschreibung (1964); Unheimlichkeit der Zeit (1977); Lernprozesse mit tödlichem Ausgang (1973); and Lebensläufe (1962).
  • Der unterschätzte Mensch (with Oskar Negt) (2001). The Undervalued Man. In two volumes. The first book includes: Suchbegriffe (26 conversations and interviews); Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung; and Maßverhältnisse des Politischen (revised). The second book is Geschichte und Eigensinn.
  • Verdeckte Ermittlung (2001).
  • Die Kunst, Unterschiede zu machen (2003).
  • Die Lücke, die der Teufel lässt. Im Umfeld des neuen Jahrhunderts (2003). The Devil's Blind Spot, trans. Martin Chalmers and Michael Hulse (New Directions, 2004). This collection of 500 stories includes some earlier works; an abridged English-language translation appeared in 2004 containing 173 of the 500 stories.
  • Vom Nutzen ungelöster Probleme (2003).
  • Fontane – Kleist – Deutschland – Büchner: Zur Grammatik der Zeit (2004).
  • Tür an Tür mit einem anderen Leben. 350 neue Geschichten (2006).
  • Geschichten vom Kino (2007). Cinema Stories, trans. Martin Brady and Helen Hughes (New Directions, 2007).
  • Der Luftangriff auf Halberstadt am 8. April 1945 (2008). Air Raid, trans. Martin Chalmers (Seagull Books, 2012).
  • Soll und Haben. Fernsehgespräche (with Joseph Vogl) (2009).
  • Das Labyrinth der zärtlichen Kraft. 166 Liebesgeschichten (2009). The Labyrinth of Tender Force: 166 Love Stories, trans. Wieland Hoban (Seagull Books, 2019).
  • Dezember (with Gerhard Richter) (2010). December, trans. Martin Chalmers (Seagull Books, 2012).
  • Das Bohren harter Bretter. 133 politische Geschichten (2011). Drilling Through Hard Boards: 133 Political Stories, trans. Wieland Hoban (Seagull Books, 2017).
  • Das fünfte Buch: Neue Lebensläufe. 402 Geschichten (2012).
  • Personen und Reden (2012).
  • Die Entsprechung einer Oase. Essay für die digitale Generation (2013).
  • "Wer ein Wort des Trostes spricht, ist ein Verräter." 48 Geschichten für Fritz Bauer (2013). Anyone Who Utters a Consoling Word Is a Traitor: 48 Stories for Fritz Bauer, trans. Alta L. Price (Seagull Books, 2020).
  • Nachricht von ruhigen Momenten (with Gerhard Richter) (2013). Dispatches from Moments of Calm, trans. Nathaniel McBride (Seagull Books, 2016).
  • 30. April 1945 (with Reinhard Jirgl) (2014). 30 April 1945: The Day Hitler Shot Himself and Germany's Integration with the West Began, trans. Wieland Hoban and Iain Galbraith (Seagull Books, 2015).
  • Le Moment fugitif (2014).
  • Kongs große Stunde. Chronik des Zusammenhangs (2015). Kong's Finest Hour: A Chronicle of Connections (Seagull Books, 2021).
  • Ferngespräche. Über Eisenstein, Marx, das Kapital, die Liebe und die Macht der zärtlichen Kraft (with Rainer Stollmann) (2016).
  • Weltverändernder Zorn: Nachricht von den Gegenfüßlern (with Georg Baselitz) (2017). World-Changing Rage: News of the Antipodeans, trans. Katy Derbyshire (Seagull Books, 2019).
  • Schnee über Venedig (with Ben Lerner) (2018). The Snows of Venice (2018).
  • Russland-Kontainer (2020). Russia Container, trans. Alexander Booth (Seagull Books, 2022).
  • Trotzdem (with Ferdinand von Schirach) (2020).
  • Senkblei der Geschichten (with Joseph Vogl) (2020).
  • Zirkus / Kommentar (2022). Circus / Commentary, trans. Alexander Booth (Seagull Books, 2024).
  • Das Buch der Kommentare. Unruhiger Garten der Seele (2022). The Book of Commentary / Unquiet Garden of the Soul, trans. Alexander Booth (Seagull Books, 2023).
  • Kriegsfibel 2023 (2023). War Primer, trans. Alexander Booth (Seagull Books, 2024)
  • Der Konjunktiv der Bilder: Meine virtuelle Kamera (K.I.) (2024). The Dragon-Fly's Eye: My Virtual Camera, trans. Alexander Booth (Spector Books, 2024).[13]

Compilations in English

[edit]
  • Alexander Kluge: Theoretical Writings, Stories, and an Interview. October, Vol. 46 (1988).[14]
  • (editor) Forrest, Tara (June 2012). Forrest, Tara (ed.). Alexander Kluge: Raw Materials for the Imagination. Amsterdam University Press. p. 450. doi:10.1515/9789048513390. ISBN 9789089642738.
  • Temple of the Scapegoat: Opera Stories (New Directions, 2018)
  • Difference and Orientation: An Alexander Kluge Reader. Edited by Richard Langston (Cornell University, 2019)
  • The Principles of Life on Black Friday: Chronicle of Emotions, Notebook 1, trans. Martin Chalmers and Richard Langston (Seagull Books, 2023)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ (editor) Forrest, Tara (June 2012). Forrest, Tara (ed.). Alexander Kluge: Raw Materials for the Imagination. Film Culture in Transition Series (1st ed.). Amsterdam University Press. p. 450. doi:10.1515/9789048513390. ISBN 9789089642738.
  2. ^ Schneider, Steven Jay, ed. (2007). 501 Movie Directors. London: Cassell Illustrated. p. 354. ISBN 9781844035731. OCLC 1347156402.
  3. ^ Kluge, Alexander (11 September 2009). "Die Aktualität Adornos". Der Freitag.
  4. ^ Plass, Ulrich (Winter 2009). "Dialectic of Regression: Theador W Adorno and Fritz Lang". Telos. 149: 142.
  5. ^ "Berlinale 1965: Juries". berlinale.de. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  6. ^ Briegleb, Till. "Wo Gretel herrscht". sueddeutsche.de (in German). ISSN 0174-4917. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  7. ^ "Writing Attitude: Alexander Kluge". 032c. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  8. ^ Indiana, Gary (Spring 1989). "Interview with Alexander Kluge". BOMB Magazine. Retrieved 15 May 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  9. ^ Miller, Matthew D. (2018). The German Epic in the Cold War: Peter Weiss, Uwe Johnson, and Alexander Kluge. Northwestern University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv47w9rp. ISBN 978-0-8101-3733-2. JSTOR j.ctv47w9rp. S2CID 165676561.
  10. ^ Gregersen, Thomas (11 September 2009). "Alexander Kluge receives Adorno Award". Political Theory – Habermas and Rawls.
  11. ^ "Grimme-Preis 2010". Archived from the original on 21 August 2014.
  12. ^ "Kluge". ORDEN POUR LE MÉRITE (in German). Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  13. ^ "Alexander Kluge: Der Konjunktiv der Bilder Meine virtuelle Kamera (K.I.)". Spector Books.
  14. ^ "Vol. 46, Autumn, 1988 of October on JSTOR". www.jstor.org. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
[edit]
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