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'''Pakistani dramas''', or '''Pakistani serials''', are [[Serial (radio and television)|televised serials]] produced in [[Pakistan]]. Although most of the serials are produced in [[Urdu]], an increasing number of them are produced in other [[Pakistani languages]] such as [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Balochi language|Balochi]]. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial ''[[Khuda Ki Basti (TV series)|Khuda Ki Basti]]'', which aired in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1169324|title=Old but not forgotten: Top 10 Pakistani dramas to re-watch now|last=Ahmad|first=Bisma|date=13 March 2015|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref> Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to Dr Farooq Sulehria 1970s & 1980 are considered to be golden old days of Pakistani serials.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/why-turkish-soap-operas-are-a-hit-in-pakistan-20418|title=Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan|website=Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan|language=en|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref>
'''Pakistani dramas''', or '''Pakistani serials''', are [[Serial (radio and television)|televised serials]] produced in [[Pakistan]]. Although most of the serials are produced in [[Urdu]], an increasing number of them are produced in other [[Pakistani languages]] such as [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Balochi language|Balochi]]. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial ''[[Khuda Ki Basti (TV series)|Khuda Ki Basti]]'', which aired in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1169324|title=Old but not forgotten: Top 10 Pakistani dramas to re-watch now|last=Ahmad|first=Bisma|date=13 March 2015|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref> Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/why-turkish-soap-operas-are-a-hit-in-pakistan-20418|title=Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan|website=Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan|language=en|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref>


They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/23/indian-tv-channel-show-pakistani-soaps|title=Indians to get peek into daily lives of Pakistanis with new soap opera channel|first=Jon|last=Boone|date=23 June 2014|website=the Guardian}}</ref> The serials are watched in India and are popular in other [[South Asia]]n countries, including Afghanistan,<ref name="geo.tv">{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/126730-The-Durand-Debate-Beyond-Boundaries-afghanistan-pakistan|title=The Durand Debate – Beyond Boundaries|website=www.geo.tv}}</ref> Bangladesh<ref name="tribune.com.pk">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/650893/bangladesh-government-to-ban-pakistan-tv-channels/|title=Bangladesh cable operators seek ban on Pakistani TV channels - The Express Tribune|date=26 December 2013}}</ref> and Nepal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/195864-Pakistanis-are-peaceful-hospitable-Nepalese-envoy|title=Pakistanis are peaceful, hospitable: Nepalese envoy|website=www.thenews.com.pk|date=31 March 2017}}</ref> According to Shailja Kejriwal, an executive at [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]], Pakistani dramas have a reputation for "being slightly classier than the local fare" in India.<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hanif |first1=Anees |title=Seven 'lessons' to learn from Pakistani Dramas |url=https://arynews.tv/en/five-things-i-learnt-from-pakistani-dramas/ |work=ARY NEWS |date=6 May 2015}}</ref>
They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/23/indian-tv-channel-show-pakistani-soaps|title=Indians to get peek into daily lives of Pakistanis with new soap opera channel|first=Jon|last=Boone|date=23 June 2014|website=the Guardian}}</ref> The serials are watched in India and are popular in other [[South Asia]]n countries, including [[Afghanistan]],<ref name="geo.tv">{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/126730-The-Durand-Debate-Beyond-Boundaries-afghanistan-pakistan|title=The Durand Debate – Beyond Boundaries|website=www.geo.tv}}</ref> [[Bangladesh]]<ref name="tribune.com.pk">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/650893/bangladesh-government-to-ban-pakistan-tv-channels/|title=Bangladesh cable operators seek ban on Pakistani TV channels - The Express Tribune|date=26 December 2013}}</ref> and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/195864-Pakistanis-are-peaceful-hospitable-Nepalese-envoy|title=Pakistanis are peaceful, hospitable: Nepalese envoy|website=www.thenews.com.pk|date=31 March 2017}}</ref>


== Origin ==
== Origin ==
Many Pakistani dramas are based on [[Pakistani literature|Urdu novels]] and in the subsequent years after 1969, many authors became television writers such as authors [[Umera Ahmed]] and [[Farhat Ishtiaq]]; both of whom have written content for [[Pakistani literature#Digests|digests]] as well as television serials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153194|title=Read pray love: Inside the enigmatic world of Urdu digests|last=Asif|first=Haseeb|date=6 July 2015|website=Herald Magazine|language=en|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> In recent years, Pakistani dramas have increasingly begun to tackle social issues that are once considered taboos.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}
Many Pakistani dramas are based on [[Pakistani literature|Urdu novels]] and in the subsequent years after 1969, many authors became television writers such as [[Umera Ahmad]] and [[Farhat Ishtiaq]]; both of whom have written content for [[Pakistani literature#Digests|digests]] as well as television serials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153194|title=Read pray love: Inside the enigmatic world of Urdu digests|last=Asif|first=Haseeb|date=6 July 2015|website=Herald Magazine|language=en|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmer |first=Imtiaz |title=Pakistani dramas |url=https://greentvdrama.com/dramas/ }}</ref> In recent years, Pakistani dramas have increasingly begun to tackle social issues that are considered taboos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/354672/tackling-societal-issues-through-televised-stories/|title=Tackling societal issues through televised stories|date=14 February 2019|website=Daily Times}}</ref>

== Social impact ==
== Social impact ==
[[Feminism in Pakistan|Pakistani feminists]] are usually concerned about depiction of women in Pakistani drama TV serials, they receive many of those with skepticism & reservation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1531866|title=The contrite gender formula of Meray Paas Tum Ho and the portrayal of women in cultural scripts|last=Zia|first=Afiya S.|date=3 February 2020|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://nayadaur.tv/2020/01/10-problematic-things-about-meray-paas-tum-ho/|title=10 Problematic Things About 'Meray Paas Tum Ho'|last=Sarwari|first=Aisha|date=26 January 2020|website=Naya Daur|language=en-US|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> UK based Pakistani feminist Tasneem Ahmar, whose research institute focuses on the women-media relationships, complaints 99.99% of TV drama in Pakistan is misogynist, patriarchal medieval in its depiction and treatment of [[Women in Pakistan|women]] issues.<ref name=":52" /> Ahmar says there is no doubt that Pakistani Drama TV serials are hugely popular among all strata of Pakistani society, but unfortunately they waste their potential of doing better in projecting progressive values rather than regressive values vis a vis women's depiction & support to equal rights.<ref name=":52">{{Cite news|last=Sarfraz|first=Mehmal|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-good-women-and-bad-women-of-serials/article30831052.ece|title=The 'good' and 'bad' women of serials: How a Pakistan show has triggered debates on depiction of women on television|date=15 February 2020|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
[[Feminism in Pakistan|Pakistani feminists]] are usually concerned about depiction of women in Pakistani drama TV serials, they receive many of those with skepticism & reservation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1531866|title=The contrite gender formula of Meray Paas Tum Ho and the portrayal of women in cultural scripts|last=Zia|first=Afiya S.|date=3 February 2020|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://nayadaur.tv/2020/01/10-problematic-things-about-meray-paas-tum-ho/|title=10 Problematic Things About 'Meray Paas Tum Ho'|last=Sarwari|first=Aisha|date=26 January 2020|website=Naya Daur|language=en-US|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> UK based Pakistani feminist Tasneem Ahmar, whose research institute focuses on the women-media relationships, complaints 99.99% of TV drama in Pakistan is misogynist, patriarchal medieval in its depiction and treatment of [[Women in Pakistan|women]] issues.<ref name=":52" /> Ahmar says there is no doubt that Pakistani Drama TV serials are hugely popular among all strata of Pakistani society, but unfortunately they waste their potential of doing better in projecting progressive values rather than regressive values of women's depiction & support to equal rights.<ref name=":52">{{Cite news|last=Sarfraz|first=Mehmal|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-good-women-and-bad-women-of-serials/article30831052.ece|title=The 'good' and 'bad' women of serials: How a Pakistan show has triggered debates on depiction of women on television|date=15 February 2020|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

TV series such as Nand are very popular, with about 5 million views per episode on Youtube,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nand (episode 64 and others)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YA031_iTPzU|access-date=2020-11-21|website=Youtube}}</ref> with likely many more on TV.


<!--In 2019-20 a TV drama series ''[[Meray Paas Tum Ho]]'' the serial which projects in conservative outlook towards limitations of [[Affair|extra marital relationships]] came at the backdrop of assertion of [[Aurat March|Women's rights movements]] in Pakistan. While largely conservative populace of Pakistan<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiapost.com/mere-paas-tum-ho-makes-you-believe-a-man-can-be-so-good/|title="Mere Paas Tum Ho" makes you believe a man can be so good!|website=India Post|language=en-US|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> overwhelmingly welcomed the TV serial; liberals & [[Feminism in Pakistan|feminists]] termed it as conservative backlash against assertion of their [[Human rights|rights]] hence controversial,''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/pakistani-women-are-ready-for-another-aurat-march-is-pakistan/|title=Pakistani Women Are Ready for Another Aurat March. Is Pakistan?|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref>
<!--In 2019-20 a TV drama series ''[[Meray Paas Tum Ho]]'' the serial which projects in conservative outlook towards limitations of [[Affair|extra marital relationships]] came at the backdrop of assertion of [[Aurat March|Women's rights movements]] in Pakistan. While largely conservative populace of Pakistan<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiapost.com/mere-paas-tum-ho-makes-you-believe-a-man-can-be-so-good/|title="Mere Paas Tum Ho" makes you believe a man can be so good!|website=India Post|language=en-US|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> overwhelmingly welcomed the TV serial; liberals & [[Feminism in Pakistan|feminists]] termed it as conservative backlash against assertion of their [[Human rights|rights]] hence controversial,''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/pakistani-women-are-ready-for-another-aurat-march-is-pakistan/|title=Pakistani Women Are Ready for Another Aurat March. Is Pakistan?|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref>


Specially the script writer [[Khalil-ur-Rehman Qamar]] got criticized for his misogynist views. Author Aisha Sarwari says drama convinces audience that it is okay to slur at and [[Slut-shaming|slut shame]] materialistic women, and this double standard is morally questionable since Pakistani society in general & bridegrooms in particular are known for [[dowry]] seeking and can not claim high moral ground vis a vis materialistic women.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://nayadaur.tv/2020/01/10-problematic-things-about-meray-paas-tum-ho/|title=10 Problematic Things About 'Meray Paas Tum Ho'|last=Sarwari|first=Aisha|date=26 January 2020|website=Naya Daur|language=en-US|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> While actually Pakistan is known for acid attacks, domestic violence, serious levels of [[Honour killing in Pakistan|honor killings]] of women even at suggestion of [[freedom of choice]]. Sarwari says sadly depiction is falsified far from real life and one won't find even in 1000 km of [[South Asia]] any very positive, patient and giving protagonist as depicted in the drama.<ref name=":02" />-->
Specially the script writer [[Khalil-ur-Rehman Qamar]] got criticized for his misogynist views. Author Aisha Sarwari says drama convinces audience that it is okay to slur at and [[Slut-shaming|slut shame]] materialistic women, and this double standard is morally questionable since Pakistani society in general & bridegrooms in particular are known for [[dowry]] seeking and can not claim high moral ground vis a vis materialistic women.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://nayadaur.tv/2020/01/10-problematic-things-about-meray-paas-tum-ho/|title=10 Problematic Things About 'Meray Paas Tum Ho'|last=Sarwari|first=Aisha|date=26 January 2020|website=Naya Daur|language=en-US|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> While actually Pakistan is known for acid attacks, domestic violence, serious levels of [[Honour killing in Pakistan|honor killings]] of women even at suggestion of [[freedom of choice]]. Sarwari says sadly depiction is falsified far from real life and one won't find even in 1000 km of [[South Asia]] any very positive, patient and giving protagonist as depicted in the drama.<ref name=":02" />-->

==Popularity outside Pakistan==
==Popularity outside Pakistan==
{{also|List of Pakistani television series}}

===Middle East===
===Middle East===
In 2013, the Pakistani drama ''[[Humsafar]]'' was dubbed into [[Arabic]] and broadcast by [[Middle East Broadcasting Center|MBC]] in the [[Middle East]] as ''Rafeeq-Al-Rooh''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siasat.pk/forum/showthread.php?218169-Pakistani-drama-Humsafar-(Rafeeq-Al-Rooh)-takes-the-Arab-world-by-the-storm|title=Pakistani drama Humsafar (Rafeeq Al Rooh) takes the Arab world by the storm}}</ref><ref name="review it.pk">{{cite web|url=http://reviewit.pk/pak-dramas-take-the-arab-world-by-storm-zgh-to-be-dubbed-in-arabic-now/|title=Pakistani Dramas take the Arab World by storm – ZGH to be dubbed in Arabic now!|date=10 January 2014}}</ref> The show was immediately successful and, after its first few episodes were broadcast, became the channel's most-watched drama. Before this, Pakistani dramas were not broadcast in the Middle East. After ''Humasafar'', other shows such as ''[[Malaal]]'' (aired as ''Hob-Wa-Nadam''), ''[[Zindagi Gulzar Hai]]'' (aired as ''Asrar Al Hob''), ''[[Mera Naam Yousuf Hai]]'', ''[[Dastaan (2010 TV series)|Daastan]]'', ''[[Kadoorat]]'', ''Mera Naseeb'', ''[[Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu]]'', ''[[Noor Bano (serial)|Noor Bano]]'', ''[[Dil-e-Muztar]]'', ''[[Khaani]]'', ''[[Gul-o-Gulzar]]'', ''[[Balaa]]'', ''[[Cheekh]]'', ''[[Do Bol]]'', ''[[Koi Chand Rakh]]'', ''[[Aisi Hai Tanhai]]'', and ''[[Suno Chanda]]'' were also dubbed into Arabic and broadcast by MBC.<ref name="review it.pk"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Cyberbullying drama Aesi Hai Tanhai gets an international release |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1180617/cyberbullying-drama-aesi-hai-tanhai-gets-an-international-release |access-date=7 August 2018 |work=Dawn |date=6 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-22|title=Bilal Abbas {{!}} Famous Drama Cheekh {{!}} air on MBC Arabia in Ramadan 2020|url=https://www.entertainmentzone.me/bilal-abbas-famous-drama-cheekh-air-on-mbc-arabia-in-ramadan-2020/|access-date=2020-08-10|website=Entertainment Zone|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/465044-feroze-khan-on-khaani-airing-on-saudi-arabian-tv |title=Feroze Khan on Khaani airing on Saudi Arabian TV |last=Shabbir |first=Buraq |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en|access-date=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/did-you-know-khaani-is-a-smash-hit-in-saudi-arabia/ |title=Did you know? Khaani is a smash hit in Saudi Arabia |date=29 April 2019 |website=Something Haute |language=en-US|access-date=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashrqnews.com/post/141839/مسلسل-زفاف-بلا-زوجين-الحلقة-الاخيرة-زفاف-بلا-زوجين-الحلقة-30|title=مسلسل زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة الاخيرة .. زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة 30|last=نيوز|first=المشرق|date=2019-05-31|website=المشرق نيوز|language=ar|access-date=2019-06-02}}</ref>
In 2013, the Pakistani drama ''[[Humsafar]]'' was dubbed into [[Arabic]] and broadcast by [[Middle East Broadcasting Center|MBC]] in the [[Middle East]] as ''Rafeeq-Al-Rooh''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.siasat.pk/forum/showthread.php?218169-Pakistani-drama-Humsafar-(Rafeeq-Al-Rooh)-takes-the-Arab-world-by-the-storm|title=Pakistani drama Humsafar (Rafeeq Al Rooh) takes the Arab world by the storm}}</ref> The show was immediately successful and, after its first few episodes were broadcast, became the channel's most-watched drama. Before this, Pakistani dramas were not broadcast in the Middle East. After ''Humasafar'', other shows such as ''[[Malaal]]'' (aired as ''Hob-Wa-Nadam''), ''[[Zindagi Gulzar Hai]]'' (aired as ''Asrar Al Hob''), ''[[Khaani]]'', ''[[Aisi Hai Tanhai]]'', ''[[Suno Chanda]]'' and several others were also dubbed into Arabic and broadcast by MBC.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cyberbullying drama Aesi Hai Tanhai gets an international release |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1180617/cyberbullying-drama-aesi-hai-tanhai-gets-an-international-release |access-date=7 August 2018 |work=Dawn |date=6 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/465044-feroze-khan-on-khaani-airing-on-saudi-arabian-tv |title=Feroze Khan on Khaani airing on Saudi Arabian TV |last=Shabbir |first=Buraq |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en|access-date=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashrqnews.com/post/141839/مسلسل-زفاف-بلا-زوجين-الحلقة-الاخيرة-زفاف-بلا-زوجين-الحلقة-30|title=مسلسل زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة الاخيرة .. زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة 30|last=نيوز|first=المشرق|date=2019-05-31|website=المشرق نيوز|language=ar|access-date=2019-06-02}}</ref>


===India===
===India===
Dramas such as ''Deewarein'', ''[[Waris (serial)|Waris]]'', and ''[[Jungle (PTV series)|Jungle]]'' were popular in India during the 1980s,<ref name = toi/> but the [[Government of India|Indian government]] has imposed a ban on Pakistani television channels in India.<ref name = toi>{{Cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-looking-to-reverse-ban-on-Pakistani-TV-channels/articleshow/14877070.cms|title = India looking to reverse ban on Pakistani TV channels|date = 14 July 2012|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher = Times of India|last = Parashar|first = Sachin}}</ref> In 2009, the [[Senate of Pakistan]]'s broadcasting division appealed to the [[Parliament of India]] to lift the ban. In 2012, India began debating whether to reverse the ban on Pakistani television channels. India assured Pakistan that it would consider a proposal by Pakistani foreign secretary Jalil Abbas Jilani to lift the ban.<ref name = toi/>
Dramas such as ''Deewarein'', ''[[Waris (serial)|Waris]]'', and ''[[Jungle (PTV series)|Jungle]]'' were popular in India during the 1980s,<ref name = toi/> but the [[Government of India|Indian government]] has imposed a ban on Pakistani television channels in India.<ref name = toi>{{Cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-looking-to-reverse-ban-on-Pakistani-TV-channels/articleshow/14877070.cms|title = India looking to reverse ban on Pakistani TV channels|date = 14 July 2012|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher = Times of India|last = Parashar|first = Sachin}}</ref> In 2009, the [[Senate of Pakistan]]'s broadcasting division appealed to the [[Parliament of India]] to lift the ban. In 2012, India began debating whether to reverse the ban on Pakistani television channels. India assured Pakistan that it would consider a proposal by Pakistani foreign secretary Jalil Abbas Jilani to lift the ban.<ref name = toi/>


Zee Entertainment Enterprises (ZEEL) launched an entertainment television channel, [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]], on 23 June 2014.<ref name = ab>{{cite news|title=Bye-bye unending television dramas, welcome Zindagi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Bye-bye-unending-television-dramas-welcome-Zindagi/articleshow/37520651.cms|access-date=22 September 2014|publisher=Times of India|date=1 July 2014}}</ref> The channel aired syndicated television shows from Pakistan, and has been well received.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{Cite web|url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/zindagi-gulzar-hai-cross-border-love-on-screen/article1-1227084.aspx|title = Zindagi Gulzar Hai: cross-border love on screen|date = 7 June 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|publisher = Hindustan Times|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140703124216/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/zindagi-gulzar-hai-cross-border-love-on-screen/article1-1227084.aspx|archive-date = 3 July 2014|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref name = cb>{{cite news|title=Spotlight: A lifeline called Zindagi|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1114018|access-date=22 September 2014|work=DAWN.com|publisher=Asra Pasha}}</ref><ref name = z>{{cite web|title=Gear Up For Two New Shows On Zindagi|url=http://www.businessinsider.in/Gear-Up-For-Two-New-Shows-On-Zindagi/articleshow/38217298.cms|website=businessinsider.in|access-date=22 September 2014|last = Sharma|first = Nandini}}</ref> It has been criticized, however, for showing dramas with a smaller number of episodes. To appease viewers,<ref>{{cite web|title=5 reasons that make Zee's new channel 'Zindagi' a must-watch|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-5-reasons-that-make-zee-s-new-channel-zindagi-a-must-watch-1996891|website=dnaindia|access-date=22 September 2014|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref name=ab/><ref name="tvc">{{cite web|url=http://www.zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/coming-up-new-hindi-channel-zindagi-june-23_155247.html|title=New Hindi channel Zindagi|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=19 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan Times"/><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/imran-abbas-glad-zindagi-will-air-pakistans-best-shows/|title = Imran Abbas glad 'Zindagi' will air Pakistan's best shows|date = 17 June 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|publisher = indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-you-can-soon-watch-famous-pakistani-soaps-on-zee-entertainment-s-new-zindagi-channel-1990475|title=You can soon watch famous Pakistani soaps on Zee Entertainment's new Zindagi channel|publisher=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|work=DNA Webdesk|date=22 May 2014}}</ref><ref name=cb/><ref name=z/><ref name = nn>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dawn.com/news/1122357|title = Zindagi channel treats Indian viewers to the best Pakistani dramas on offer|date = 30 July 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = dawn.com|publisher = Dawn}}</ref><ref name = gg>{{Cite web|url = http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2014/0730/Why-do-Indians-like-Pakistani-soap-operas-so-much|title = Why do Indians like Pakistani soap operas so much?|date = 30 July 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = csmonitor.com|publisher = The Christian Science Monitor|last = Nazakat|first = Syed}}</ref> the channel aired Pakistani television shows such as ''[[Aunn Zara]]'', ''[[Humsafar]]'', ''[[Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain]]'', ''[[Maat (TV series)|Maat]]'', ''[[Meri Zaat Zarra-e-Benishan]]'', ''[[Mere Qatil Mere Dildar]]'', ''[[Mirat-ul-Uroos (TV series)|Mirat-ul-Uroos]]'', ''[[Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi]]'', ''[[Akbari Asghari]]'', ''[[Ashk (TV series)|Ashk]]'', ''[[Azar Ki Ayegi Baraat]]'', ''[[Badi Aapa]]'', ''[[Pyarey Afzal]]'', ''[[Bashar Momin]]'', ''[[Behadd]]'', ''[[Meray Dard Ko Jo Zuban Miley]]'', ''[[Bilqees Kaur]]'', ''[[Shehr-e-Zaat]]'', ''[[Kadoorat]]'', ''[[Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu]]'', ''[[Daagh (drama)|Daagh]]'', ''[[Daam]]'', ''[[Durr-e-Shehwar]]'', ''[[Dil-e-Muztar]]'', ''[[Do Qadam Door Thay]]'', [[Gohar-e-Nayab]], ''[[Ishq Junoon Deewangi]]'', ''[[Ishq Gumshuda]]'', ''[[Jab We Wed]]'', ''[[Main Abdul Qadir Hoon]]'', ''[[Qaid-e-Tanhai]]'', ''[[Jackson Heights (TV series)|Jackson Heights]]'', ''[[Kaash Main Teri Beti Na Hoti]]'', and ''[[Zindagi Gulzar Hai]]''.<ref name="ab" /><ref name="cb" /><ref name="z" /><ref name = nn/><ref name = gg/><ref name="bb">{{Cite web|url = http://www.dawn.com/news/1119811|title = Zindagi Gulzar Hai: Pakistani drama serials win hearts in India|date = 17 July 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = dawn.com|publisher = Dawn}}</ref> ''Zindagi Gulzar Hai'' became so popular that it was re-run one month after it ended its initial run in India.<ref name="bb" /><ref>{{Cite news|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Zindagi-Gulzar-Hai-is-back-on-TV/articleshow/40121634.cms|title = Zindagi Gulzar Hai is back on TV|date = 12 August 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|publisher = Times of India}}</ref> In September 2016, however, Zindagi dropped all Pakistani shows from their line-up. In this way, [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] came to its end on television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/new-line-up-on-zindagi-has-no-pakistani-serials-3053535/|title=New Line Up On Zindagi has no Pakistani serials|publisher=Indian Express|date=29 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/zee-channel-zindagi-removes-pakistan-shows-announces-new-line-up-starting-october-3-1521365/|title=Zee channel Zindagi removes Pakistan shows, announces new line-up starting October 3!|publisher=India Today|date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
Zee Entertainment Enterprises (ZEEL) launched an entertainment television channel, [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]], on 23 June 2014.<ref name = ab>{{cite news|title=Bye-bye unending television dramas, welcome Zindagi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Bye-bye-unending-television-dramas-welcome-Zindagi/articleshow/37520651.cms|access-date=22 September 2014|publisher=Times of India|date=1 July 2014}}</ref> The channel aired syndicated television shows from Pakistan, and has been well received.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{Cite web|url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/zindagi-gulzar-hai-cross-border-love-on-screen/article1-1227084.aspx|title = Zindagi Gulzar Hai: cross-border love on screen|date = 7 June 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|publisher = Hindustan Times|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140703124216/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/zindagi-gulzar-hai-cross-border-love-on-screen/article1-1227084.aspx|archive-date = 3 July 2014|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref name = cb>{{cite news|title=Spotlight: A lifeline called Zindagi|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1114018|access-date=22 September 2014|work=DAWN.com|publisher=Asra Pasha}}</ref><ref name = z>{{cite web|title=Gear Up For Two New Shows On Zindagi|url=http://www.businessinsider.in/Gear-Up-For-Two-New-Shows-On-Zindagi/articleshow/38217298.cms|website=businessinsider.in|access-date=22 September 2014|last = Sharma|first = Nandini}}</ref> It has been criticized, however, for showing dramas with a smaller number of episodes. To appease viewers,<ref name="tvc">{{cite web|url=http://www.zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/coming-up-new-hindi-channel-zindagi-june-23_155247.html|title=New Hindi channel Zindagi|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=19 May 2014}}</ref><ref name = nn>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dawn.com/news/1122357|title = Zindagi channel treats Indian viewers to the best Pakistani dramas on offer|date = 30 July 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = dawn.com|publisher = Dawn}}</ref><ref name = gg>{{Cite web|url = http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2014/0730/Why-do-Indians-like-Pakistani-soap-operas-so-much|title = Why do Indians like Pakistani soap operas so much?|date = 30 July 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = csmonitor.com|publisher = The Christian Science Monitor|last = Nazakat|first = Syed}}</ref> the channel aired hundreds of Pakistani television shows since then including ''[[Aunn Zara]]'', ''[[Humsafar]]'', ''[[Pyarey Afzal]]'', ''[[Zindagi Gulzar Hai]]'' and ''[[Meray Paas Tum Ho]]''.<ref name="ab" /><ref name="cb" /><ref name="z" /><ref name = nn/><ref name = gg/><ref name="bb">{{Cite web|url = http://www.dawn.com/news/1119811|title = Zindagi Gulzar Hai: Pakistani drama serials win hearts in India|date = 17 July 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = dawn.com|publisher = Dawn}}</ref> ''Zindagi Gulzar Hai'' became so popular that it was re-run one month after it ended its initial run in India.<ref name="bb" /> In September 2016, however, Zindagi dropped all Pakistani shows from their line-up. In this way, [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] came to its end on television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/new-line-up-on-zindagi-has-no-pakistani-serials-3053535/|title=New Line Up On Zindagi has no Pakistani serials|publisher=Indian Express|date=29 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/zee-channel-zindagi-removes-pakistan-shows-announces-new-line-up-starting-october-3-1521365/|title=Zee channel Zindagi removes Pakistan shows, announces new line-up starting October 3!|publisher=India Today|date=29 September 2016}}</ref>


In July 2020, it was announced that [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] will make its comeback digitally and brand will come with its 5 original Web Series including ''Maan Jogi'', ''Abdullah Pur Ka Devdas'', ''[[Churails]]'', ''Aik Jhooti Love Story'' and ''[[Dhoop Ki Deewar]]'' along with some old and new shows from Zindagi Library.<ref>{{ Cite web |title=Zee5 To Launch 5 New Pakistani Original Series|url=https://reviewit.pk/zee5-launch-5-new-pakistani-series/|date=September 2020}}</ref>
In July 2020, it was announced that [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] will make its comeback digitally and brand will come with its 5 original Web Series including ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Shameem]]'', ''Abdullah Pur Ka Devdas'', ''[[Churails]]'', ''[[Ek Jhoothi Love Story]]'' and ''[[Dhoop Ki Deewar]]'' along with some old and new shows from Zindagi Library.


Blockbuster Pakistani Drama Series ''[[Baba Jani (TV series)|Baba Jani]]'', ''[[Badi Aapa]]'', ''[[Diyar-e-Dil]]'', ''[[Mera Naam Yousuf Hai]]'', ''[[Mann Mayal]]'', ''[[Baaghi (TV series)|Baaghi]]'', ''[[Vasl (TV series)|Vasl]]'', ''[[Behadd]]'', ''[[O Rangreza]]'', ''[[Bunty I Love You]]'', ''[[Main Abdul Qadir Hoon]]'', ''[[Durr-e-Shehwar]]'', ''[[Numm]]'', ''[[Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi]]'', ''[[Nanhi]]'', ''[[Digest Writer]]'', ''[[Shehr-e-Zaat]]'', ''[[Suno Chanda]]'' and many others started to premiere from July 2020 on [[ZEE5]] app with a premium membership.
Some already broadcast television series and some of the recent years such as ''[[Diyar-e-Dil]]'', ''[[Mera Naam Yousuf Hai]]'', ''[[Mann Mayal]]'', ''[[Baaghi (TV series)|Baaghi]]'', ''[[Behadd]]'', ''[[O Rangreza]]'', ''[[Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi]]'', ''[[Shehr-e-Zaat]]'', ''[[Suno Chanda]]'' and many others started to premiere from July 2020 on [[ZEE5]] with a premium membership.


[[Star India]] begin airing of ''[[Mera Naam Yousuf Hai]]'' in 2015 on their channel [[Star Plus]] and thus becoming the channel's first ever Pakistani drama. The series was aired in India, UAE, USA, Ireland, UK, Austria, Europe, Canada and Latin America. Series received extravagant reception in viewership and ratings.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Mera Naam Yusuf Hai'' to hit the screens on Indian Channel|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1147642|publisher=Dawn News|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Rashid Nazir Ali">{{cite web|title=''Mera Naam Yusuf Hai'' to be aired on Star Plus|author=Rashid Nazir Ali|publisher=review it|date=27 November 2014|access-date=11 June 2015|url=http://reviewit.pk/zulekha-bina-yusuf-mehreen-jabbar-confirms-the-new-project/}}</ref><ref>{{ Cite web |title=اسٹار پلس پر بھی پاکستانی ڈراموں کے چرچے|url=https://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1026247|date=August 2020}}</ref>
[[Star India]] began airing of ''[[Mera Naam Yousuf Hai]]'' in 2015 on their channel [[Star Plus]] and thus becoming the channel's first ever Pakistani drama. The series was aired in India, UAE, USA, Ireland, UK, Austria, Europe, Canada and Latin America.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Mera Naam Yusuf Hai'' to hit the screens on Indian Channel|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1147642|publisher=Dawn News|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref>


As per research study of Pakistani popular drama conducted by Indian scholar Jyoti Mehra, north Indian audience gets a sense of cultural familiarity which they can relate to while watching Pakistani drama.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Mehra|first=Jyoti|date=2019|title=Analyzing Portrayals of Modern Women and Popular Culture in Television Soap Operas of Pakistan|journal=Media Watch |volume=10|issue=3|pages=628–684 |issn= 0976-0911 |doi=10.15655/mw/2019/v10i3/49678|s2cid=202532277|doi-access=free}}</ref> The study also gives credit to the content of Pakistani dramas for its comparative realism with fast pace with shorter duration and limited number of episodes for its acceptability among Indian audience.<ref name=":2" />
As per research study of Pakistani popular drama conducted by Indian scholar Jyoti Mehra, North Indian audience gets a sense of cultural familiarity which they can relate to while watching Pakistani drama.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Mehra|first=Jyoti|date=2019|title=Analyzing Portrayals of Modern Women and Popular Culture in Television Soap Operas of Pakistan|journal=Media Watch |volume=10|issue=3|pages=628–684 |issn= 0976-0911 |doi=10.15655/mw/2019/v10i3/49678|s2cid=202532277|doi-access=free}}</ref> The study also gives credit to the content of Pakistani dramas for its comparative realism with fast pace, shorter duration and limited number of episodes for its acceptability among Indian audience.<ref name=":2" />


===Other countries===
===Other countries===
Pakistani dramas are shown in [[Afghanistan]],<ref name="geo.tv"/> [[Bangladesh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://opinion.bdnews24.com/2014/08/12/on-pakistani-dramas-and-the-bangladeshi-mind/|title=On Pakistani dramas and the Bangladeshi mind - The Opinion Pages|date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="tribune.com.pk"/> [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1179118|title=Once upon a time in Nepal|first=Noman|last=Ansari|date=1 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/195864-Pakistanis-are-peaceful-hospitable-Nepalese-envoy|title=Pakistanis are peaceful, hospitable: Nepalese envoy|website=www.thenews.com.pk}}</ref> Pakistani television shows are aired on [[cable television]] channels in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Norway]], the [[United States]], and [[Canada]], [[Turkey]] for the [[Pakistani diaspora]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apnahub.ca/entertainment-detail/pakistani-drama-humsafar-takes-the-arab-world-by-storm/#arvlbdata|title=Pakistani drama Humsafar (Rafeeq Al Rooh – رفيق الروح) takes the Arab world by storm!|date=8 November 2013}}</ref>
Pakistani dramas are shown in [[Afghanistan]],<ref name="geo.tv"/> [[Bangladesh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://opinion.bdnews24.com/2014/08/12/on-pakistani-dramas-and-the-bangladeshi-mind/|title=On Pakistani dramas and the Bangladeshi mind - The Opinion Pages|date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="tribune.com.pk"/> [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1179118|title=Once upon a time in Nepal|first=Noman|last=Ansari|date=1 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/195864-Pakistanis-are-peaceful-hospitable-Nepalese-envoy|title=Pakistanis are peaceful, hospitable: Nepalese envoy|website=www.thenews.com.pk}}</ref> Pakistani television shows are aired on [[cable television]] channels in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Norway]], [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]] for the [[Pakistani diaspora]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apnahub.ca/entertainment-detail/pakistani-drama-humsafar-takes-the-arab-world-by-storm/#arvlbdata|title=Pakistani drama Humsafar (Rafeeq Al Rooh – رفيق الروح) takes the Arab world by storm!|date=8 November 2013}}</ref>
very good dramas


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Dramatic television series}}
{{Dramatic television series}}
{{WorldTV}}


[[Category:Pakistani drama television series|*]]
[[Category:Pakistani drama television series|*]]

Latest revision as of 20:23, 26 November 2024

Pakistani dramas, or Pakistani serials, are televised serials produced in Pakistan. Although most of the serials are produced in Urdu, an increasing number of them are produced in other Pakistani languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Punjabi and Balochi. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial Khuda Ki Basti, which aired in 1969.[1] Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.[2]

They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television.[3] The serials are watched in India and are popular in other South Asian countries, including Afghanistan,[4] Bangladesh[5] and Nepal.[6]

Origin

[edit]

Many Pakistani dramas are based on Urdu novels and in the subsequent years after 1969, many authors became television writers such as Umera Ahmad and Farhat Ishtiaq; both of whom have written content for digests as well as television serials.[7][8] In recent years, Pakistani dramas have increasingly begun to tackle social issues that are considered taboos.[9]

Social impact

[edit]

Pakistani feminists are usually concerned about depiction of women in Pakistani drama TV serials, they receive many of those with skepticism & reservation.[10][11] UK based Pakistani feminist Tasneem Ahmar, whose research institute focuses on the women-media relationships, complaints 99.99% of TV drama in Pakistan is misogynist, patriarchal medieval in its depiction and treatment of women issues.[12] Ahmar says there is no doubt that Pakistani Drama TV serials are hugely popular among all strata of Pakistani society, but unfortunately they waste their potential of doing better in projecting progressive values rather than regressive values of women's depiction & support to equal rights.[12]

Popularity outside Pakistan

[edit]
See also: List of Pakistani television series

Middle East

[edit]

In 2013, the Pakistani drama Humsafar was dubbed into Arabic and broadcast by MBC in the Middle East as Rafeeq-Al-Rooh.[13] The show was immediately successful and, after its first few episodes were broadcast, became the channel's most-watched drama. Before this, Pakistani dramas were not broadcast in the Middle East. After Humasafar, other shows such as Malaal (aired as Hob-Wa-Nadam), Zindagi Gulzar Hai (aired as Asrar Al Hob), Khaani, Aisi Hai Tanhai, Suno Chanda and several others were also dubbed into Arabic and broadcast by MBC.[14][15][16]

India

[edit]

Dramas such as Deewarein, Waris, and Jungle were popular in India during the 1980s,[17] but the Indian government has imposed a ban on Pakistani television channels in India.[17] In 2009, the Senate of Pakistan's broadcasting division appealed to the Parliament of India to lift the ban. In 2012, India began debating whether to reverse the ban on Pakistani television channels. India assured Pakistan that it would consider a proposal by Pakistani foreign secretary Jalil Abbas Jilani to lift the ban.[17]

Zee Entertainment Enterprises (ZEEL) launched an entertainment television channel, Zindagi, on 23 June 2014.[18] The channel aired syndicated television shows from Pakistan, and has been well received.[19][20][21] It has been criticized, however, for showing dramas with a smaller number of episodes. To appease viewers,[22][23][24] the channel aired hundreds of Pakistani television shows since then including Aunn Zara, Humsafar, Pyarey Afzal, Zindagi Gulzar Hai and Meray Paas Tum Ho.[18][20][21][23][24][25] Zindagi Gulzar Hai became so popular that it was re-run one month after it ended its initial run in India.[25] In September 2016, however, Zindagi dropped all Pakistani shows from their line-up. In this way, Zindagi came to its end on television.[26][27]

In July 2020, it was announced that Zindagi will make its comeback digitally and brand will come with its 5 original Web Series including Mrs. & Mr. Shameem, Abdullah Pur Ka Devdas, Churails, Ek Jhoothi Love Story and Dhoop Ki Deewar along with some old and new shows from Zindagi Library.

Some already broadcast television series and some of the recent years such as Diyar-e-Dil, Mera Naam Yousuf Hai, Mann Mayal, Baaghi, Behadd, O Rangreza, Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi, Shehr-e-Zaat, Suno Chanda and many others started to premiere from July 2020 on ZEE5 with a premium membership.

Star India began airing of Mera Naam Yousuf Hai in 2015 on their channel Star Plus and thus becoming the channel's first ever Pakistani drama. The series was aired in India, UAE, USA, Ireland, UK, Austria, Europe, Canada and Latin America.[28]

As per research study of Pakistani popular drama conducted by Indian scholar Jyoti Mehra, North Indian audience gets a sense of cultural familiarity which they can relate to while watching Pakistani drama.[29] The study also gives credit to the content of Pakistani dramas for its comparative realism with fast pace, shorter duration and limited number of episodes for its acceptability among Indian audience.[29]

Other countries

[edit]

Pakistani dramas are shown in Afghanistan,[4] Bangladesh,[30][5] Nepal.[31][32] Pakistani television shows are aired on cable television channels in the United Kingdom, Norway, United States, Canada, Turkey and Iran for the Pakistani diaspora.[33]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ahmad, Bisma (13 March 2015). "Old but not forgotten: Top 10 Pakistani dramas to re-watch now". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  2. ^ "Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan". Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  3. ^ Boone, Jon (23 June 2014). "Indians to get peek into daily lives of Pakistanis with new soap opera channel". the Guardian.
  4. ^ a b "The Durand Debate – Beyond Boundaries". www.geo.tv.
  5. ^ a b "Bangladesh cable operators seek ban on Pakistani TV channels - The Express Tribune". 26 December 2013.
  6. ^ "Pakistanis are peaceful, hospitable: Nepalese envoy". www.thenews.com.pk. 31 March 2017.
  7. ^ Asif, Haseeb (6 July 2015). "Read pray love: Inside the enigmatic world of Urdu digests". Herald Magazine. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  8. ^ Ahmer, Imtiaz. "Pakistani dramas".
  9. ^ "Tackling societal issues through televised stories". Daily Times. 14 February 2019.
  10. ^ Zia, Afiya S. (3 February 2020). "The contrite gender formula of Meray Paas Tum Ho and the portrayal of women in cultural scripts". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  11. ^ Sarwari, Aisha (26 January 2020). "10 Problematic Things About 'Meray Paas Tum Ho'". Naya Daur. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  12. ^ a b Sarfraz, Mehmal (15 February 2020). "The 'good' and 'bad' women of serials: How a Pakistan show has triggered debates on depiction of women on television". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  13. ^ "Pakistani drama Humsafar (Rafeeq Al Rooh) takes the Arab world by the storm".
  14. ^ "Cyberbullying drama Aesi Hai Tanhai gets an international release". Dawn. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  15. ^ Shabbir, Buraq. "Feroze Khan on Khaani airing on Saudi Arabian TV". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  16. ^ نيوز, المشرق (31 May 2019). "مسلسل زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة الاخيرة .. زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة 30". المشرق نيوز (in Arabic). Retrieved 2 June 2019.
  17. ^ a b c Parashar, Sachin (14 July 2012). "India looking to reverse ban on Pakistani TV channels". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Times of India. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  18. ^ a b "Bye-bye unending television dramas, welcome Zindagi". Times of India. 1 July 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  19. ^ "Zindagi Gulzar Hai: cross-border love on screen". Hindustan Times. 7 June 2014. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  20. ^ a b "Spotlight: A lifeline called Zindagi". DAWN.com. Asra Pasha. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  21. ^ a b Sharma, Nandini. "Gear Up For Two New Shows On Zindagi". businessinsider.in. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  22. ^ "New Hindi channel Zindagi". Zee News. 19 May 2014.
  23. ^ a b "Zindagi channel treats Indian viewers to the best Pakistani dramas on offer". dawn.com. Dawn. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  24. ^ a b Nazakat, Syed (30 July 2014). "Why do Indians like Pakistani soap operas so much?". csmonitor.com. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  25. ^ a b "Zindagi Gulzar Hai: Pakistani drama serials win hearts in India". dawn.com. Dawn. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  26. ^ "New Line Up On Zindagi has no Pakistani serials". Indian Express. 29 September 2016.
  27. ^ "Zee channel Zindagi removes Pakistan shows, announces new line-up starting October 3!". India Today. 29 September 2016.
  28. ^ "Mera Naam Yusuf Hai to hit the screens on Indian Channel". Dawn News. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  29. ^ a b Mehra, Jyoti (2019). "Analyzing Portrayals of Modern Women and Popular Culture in Television Soap Operas of Pakistan". Media Watch. 10 (3): 628–684. doi:10.15655/mw/2019/v10i3/49678. ISSN 0976-0911. S2CID 202532277.
  30. ^ "On Pakistani dramas and the Bangladeshi mind - The Opinion Pages". 12 August 2014.
  31. ^ Ansari, Noman (1 May 2015). "Once upon a time in Nepal".
  32. ^ "Pakistanis are peaceful, hospitable: Nepalese envoy". www.thenews.com.pk.
  33. ^ "Pakistani drama Humsafar (Rafeeq Al Rooh – رفيق الروح) takes the Arab world by storm!". 8 November 2013.
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