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{{redirect|Berthold of Merania|the patriarch of Aquileia with this name|Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia)}}
{{ infobox nobility
{{ infobox nobility
| name = Berthold IV of Andechs
| name = Berthold IV of Andechs
| title = [[Duchy of Merania|Duke of Merania]]
| title = [[Duchy of Merania|Duke of Merania]]
| image = Berthold IV of Merania (Hedwig Codex).jpg
| image = Berthold IV of Merania (Hedwig Codex).jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| noble family = [[House of Andechs]]
| noble family = [[House of Andechs|Andechs]]
| father = [[Berthold I of Istria]]
| father = [[Berthold I of Istria]]
| mother = Hedwig of [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]
| mother = Hedwig of [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]
| spouse = [[Agnes of Rochlitz]]
| spouse = [[Agnes of Rochlitz]]
| birth_date = c. 1159
| birth_date = {{circa|1159}}
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date|1204|8|12|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date|1204|8|12|df=y}}
| death_place =
| death_place =
| place of burial= [[Dießen am Ammersee|Dießen]] Abbey
| place of burial= [[Dießen am Ammersee|Dießen]] Abbey
}}
}}

'''Berthold IV''' (c. 1159 – 12 August 1204),<ref name="geni">[http://www.geni.com/people/Berthold-IV-Graf-von-Andechs-Herzog-von-Meranien/6000000003858731296 Berthold IV von Andechs (c.1159 - 1204), accessed 2 November 2011]</ref> a member of the [[House of Andechs]], was [[March of Istria|Margrave of Istria]] and [[March of Carniola|Carniola]] (as '''Berthold II'''). About 1180/82 he already bore the title of a Duke of [[Duchy of Merania|Merania]], that is, the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] seacoast of [[Dalmatia]] and [[Istria]].
'''Berthold IV''' (c. 1159 – 12 August 1204), a member of the [[House of Andechs]], was [[March of Istria|Margrave of Istria]] and [[March of Carniola|Carniola]] (as '''Berthold II'''). By about 1180/82 he assumed the title of [[Duchy of Merania|Duke of Merania]], referring to the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] seacoast of [[Kvarner]] which his ancestors had conquered in the 1060s and annexed to Istria and Carniola.<ref>Milko Kos, Zgodovina Slovencev: od naselitve do reformacije (Ljubljana, 1933), p. 142</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
Berthold was the son of Count [[Berthold I of Istria|Berthold III of Andechs]] and his wife Hedwig of [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]. His father had been a loyal liensman of Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa]] and in turn was enfeoffed with the Istrian march upon the death of the [[House of Sponheim|Sponheim]] margrave [[Engelbert III, Margrave of Istria|Engelbert III]].
Berthold was the son of Count [[Berthold I of Istria|Berthold III of Andechs]] and his wife Hedwig of [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]].{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} His father had been a loyal vassal of Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa]] and in turn was enfeoffed with the Istrian march upon the death of the [[House of Sponheim|Sponheim]] margrave [[Engelbert III, Margrave of Istria|Engelbert III]].


Young Berthold IV first appeared in 1170 and was mentioned as Count of Andechs in a 1172 deed. In 1175 he served as co-ruler in the March of Istria. After Emperor Frederick deposed Duke [[Henry the Lion]] in 1180, his mother's relative [[Otto I, Duke of Bavaria|Otto of Wittelsbach]] received the [[Duchy of Bavaria]], while Berthold was appointed Duke of Merania.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hoUBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=Berthold,+Duke+of+Merania&source=bl&ots=8GLvBGcaOR&sig=FNQQ7aQZ3ZkVcrKia8457iARX6A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=t9VbVZKpCM7_yQS0-IC4Dg&ved=0CF4Q6AEwDg#v=onepage&q=Berthold%2C%20Duke%20of%20Merania&f=false Le Mesurier Chepmell, Havilland. ''A short course of history'', Vol. II, Whittaker and Co., London, 1857]</ref> The rule over "Merania" actually encompassed the same area as the old Istrian margraviate, but its ruler now gained much prestige from his new title and the comital House of Andechs was elevated to [[Princes of the Holy Roman Empire]].
Young Berthold IV first appeared in 1170 and was mentioned as Count of Andechs in an 1172 deed. In 1175 he served as co-ruler in the March of Istria. After Emperor Frederick deposed Duke [[Henry the Lion]] in 1180, his mother's relative [[Otto I, Duke of Bavaria|Otto of Wittelsbach]] received the [[Duchy of Bavaria]], while Berthold received the [[Duchy of Merania]].{{sfn|Arnold|2003|p=103}} The rule over the self-styled "Merania" actually encompassed the same area as the old Istrian margraviate, and did not constitute a separate administrative or political entity; however, its ruler gained prestige from his new ducal title, and the comital House of Andechs was elevated to [[Princes of the Holy Roman Empire]].


In 1186, he accompanied Emperor Frederick's son [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]] to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] and his marriage with [[Constance of Sicily]]. In 1189, he led the third division of the imperial army and was its [[standard-bearer]] on the [[Third Crusade]]. In 1195, he appeared as ''[[Vogt]]'' (reeve) of [[Tegernsee Abbey]] in Bavaria. Berthold committed himself to join the [[Crusade of 1197]], however, he did not participate until Henry's death in the same year. Though he had opposed the emperor's ''[[Erbreichsplan]]'', he backed the claims of Henry's younger brother [[Philip of Swabia]] against the politics of [[Pope Innocent III]] who supported Philip's [[House of Welf|Welf]] rival [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]]. At this juncture, the House of Andechs was at the height of its power and influence, with extended possessions stretching from [[Franconia]] down to the Adriatic.
In 1186, he accompanied Emperor Frederick's son [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]] to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] and his marriage with [[Constance I of Sicily|Constance of Sicily]]. In 1189, he led the third division of the imperial army and was its [[standard-bearer]] on the [[Third Crusade]], in which he led the Crusaders with [[Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia]] in the [[Battle of Philomelion (1190)|Battle of Philomelion]] in 1190. In 1195, he appeared as ''[[Vogt]]'' (reeve) of [[Tegernsee Abbey]] in Bavaria. Berthold committed himself to join the [[Crusade of 1197]], however, he did not participate until Henry's death in the same year. Though he had opposed the emperor's ''[[Erbreichsplan]]'', he backed the claims of Henry's younger brother [[Philip of Swabia]] against the politics of [[Pope Innocent III]] who supported Philip's [[House of Welf|Welf]] rival [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]]. At this juncture, the House of Andechs was at the height of its power and influence, with extended possessions stretching from [[Franconia]] down to the Adriatic.


Berthold died in 1204 and was buried at the Andechs private monastery in [[Dießen am Ammersee|Dießen]], Bavaria.
Berthold died in 1204 and was buried at the Andechs private monastery in [[Dießen am Ammersee|Dießen]], Bavaria.
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==Marriage and issue==
==Marriage and issue==
[[File:Andechsove.jpg|thumb|Berthold, Agnes and their family, ''Hedwig Codex'', 1353]]
[[File:Andechsove.jpg|thumb|Berthold, Agnes and their family, ''Hedwig Codex'', 1353]]
About 1180, Berthold married [[Agnes of Rochlitz]]<ref name="geni"/> (died 25 March 1195), a daughter of Margrave [[Dedi III, Margrave of Lusatia|Dedi III of Lusatia]] from the Saxon [[House of Wettin]]. They had the following children:<ref name="geni"/>
About 1180, Berthold married [[Agnes of Rochlitz]],{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} a daughter of Margrave [[Dedi III, Margrave of Lusatia|Dedi III of Lusatia]] from the Saxon [[House of Wettin]]. They had:

* [[Otto I, Duke of Merania|Otto I]] (d. 1234), succeeded his father as [[Duchy of Merania|Duke of Merania]], married [[Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice II of Hohenstaufen]], daughter of Count [[Otto I, Count of Burgundy|Otto I of Burgundy]], became [[List of counts of Burgundy|Count palatine of Burgundy]] in 1211
* [[Otto I, Duke of Merania|Otto I]] (d. 1234),{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} succeeded his father as [[Duchy of Merania|Duke of Merania]], married [[Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice II of Hohenstaufen]],{{sfn|Lyon|2013|p=182}} daughter of Count [[Otto I, Count of Burgundy|Otto I of Burgundy]], became [[List of counts of Burgundy|Count palatine of Burgundy]] in 1211
*Ekbert (d. 1237), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg|Bishop of Bamberg]] from 1203, guardian of his nephew [[Otto III, Count of Burgundy|Otto II]] from 1234
*[[Ekbert of Bamberg|Ekbert]] (d. 1237), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg|Bishop of Bamberg]] from 1203,{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} guardian of his nephew [[Otto III, Count of Burgundy|Otto II]] from 1234
*Henry (d. 1228), [[March of Istria|Margrave of Istria]] and [[March of Carniola|Carniola]] from 1204, married Sophia of [[Višnja Gora|Weichselburg]], heiress of the estates in [[Windic March]] and [[Bela krajina|Metlica]]
*[[Henry II, Margrave of Istria|Henry II]] (d. 1228),{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} [[March of Istria|Margrave of Istria]] and [[March of Carniola|Carniola]] from 1204, married Sophia of [[Višnja Gora|Weichselburg]], heiress of the estates in the [[Windic March]] and [[Bela krajina|Metlika]]
*[[Hedwig of Silesia|Hedwig]] (1174–1243), married [[Henry I the Bearded]], [[Duke of Silesia]], became [[List of Polish consorts|High Duchess of Poland]] in 1232, [[Canonization|canonized]] by the [[Catholic Church]] in 1267
*[[Gertrude of Merania|Gertrude]] (d. 1213), married [[Andrew II of Hungary|Andrew II]], brother of King [[Emeric, King of Hungary|Emeric of Hungary]], became [[List of Hungarian consorts|Queen of Hungary]] in 1205, murdered
*[[Hedwig of Silesia|Hedwig]] (1174–1243), married [[Henry I the Bearded]], [[Duke of Silesia]],{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} became [[List of Polish consorts|High Duchess of Poland]] in 1232, [[Canonization|canonized]] by the [[Catholic Church]] in 1267
*[[Agnes of Merania|Agnes]] (d. 1201), married King [[Philip II of France]] and became [[List of French consorts|French consort]] in 1196, repudiated in 1200
*[[Gertrude of Merania|Gertrude]] (d. 1213), married [[Andrew II of Hungary|Andrew II]],{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} became [[List of Hungarian consorts|Queen of Hungary]] in 1205, [[Assassination of Gertrude of Merania|murdered]]
*[[Agnes of Merania|Agnes]] (d. 1201), married King [[Philip II of France]] and became [[List of French consorts|French consort]] in 1196,{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} repudiated in 1200
*[[Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia)|Berthold]] (d. 1251), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kalocsa-Kecskemét|Archbishop of Kalocsa]] from 1206, [[List of bishops and patriarchs of Aquileia|Patriarch of Aquileia]] from 1218
*[[Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia)|Berthold]] (d. 1251),{{sfn|Newman|2020|p=30}} [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kalocsa-Kecskemét|Archbishop of Kalocsa]] from 1206, [[List of bishops and patriarchs of Aquileia|Patriarch of Aquileia]] from 1218
*Matilda (Mechtild, d. 1254), wife of [[Engelbert III, Count of Gorizia]].

While passing through Serbia on the [[Third Crusade]], Frederick Barbarossa met the Grand Prince [[Stefan Nemanja]] in [[Niš]] on 27 July 1189. There it was negotiated that a daughter of Berthold would marry [[Toljen of Hum|Tohu]], son of Prince [[Miroslav of Hum|Miroslav of Zahumlje]] on the feast of Saint George next (24 April 1190). This marriage does not seem to have taken place and the ''Historia de Expeditione Friderici Imperatoris'' does not name the daughter. Scholars are divided over whether it was one of Berthold's known daughters or else a fifth daughter not otherwise recorded.{{sfn|Loud|2010|p=61–62}}{{sfn|Lyon|2013|p=154}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last=Arnold |first=Benjamin |title=Princes and Territories in Medieval Germany |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=9780521521482}}
*{{cite book |editor-first=G. A. |editor-last=Loud |title=The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts |publisher=Ashgate |year=2010 }}
*{{cite book |first=Jonathan |last=Lyon |title=Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250 |location=Ithaca and London |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2013 }}
*{{cite book |title=Cistercian Stories for Nuns and Monks |first=Martha G. |last=Newman |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2020}}


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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{{S-bef|before=[[Conrad II, Duke of Merania|Conrad II]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Conrad II, Duke of Merania|Conrad II]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Duchy of Merania|Duke of Merania]]|years=1185–1204}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Duchy of Merania|Duke of Merania]]|years=1185–1204}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Otto I, Duke of Merania|Otto I]]|}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Otto I, Duke of Merania|Otto I]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Berthold I of Istria|Berthold I]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Berthold I of Istria|Berthold I]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[March of Istria|Margrave of Istria]] and [[March of Carniola|Carniola]]|years=1188–1204}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[March of Istria|Margrave of Istria]] and [[March of Carniola|Carniola]]|years=1188–1204}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Henry II, Margrave of Istria|Henry II]]|}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Henry II, Margrave of Istria|Henry II]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}


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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Berthold 04, Duke of Merania}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Berthold, Duke of Merania}}
[[Category:12th-century births]]
[[Category:12th-century births]]
[[Category:1204 deaths]]
[[Category:1204 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Dukes of Merania|Berthold 4]]
[[Category:Dukes of Merania|Berthold 4]]
[[Category:Margraves of Istria|Bertold 1]]
[[Category:Margraves of Istria|Bertold 1]]
[[Category:House of Andechs]]
[[Category:House of Andechs]]
[[Category:Christians of the Third Crusade]]
[[Category:Christians of the Crusade of 1197]]

Latest revision as of 21:16, 26 November 2024

"Berthold of Merania" redirects here. For the patriarch of Aquileia with this name, see Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia).
Berthold IV of Andechs
Duke of Merania
Bornc. 1159
Died(1204-08-12)12 August 1204
BuriedDießen Abbey
Noble familyAndechs
Spouse(s)Agnes of Rochlitz
FatherBerthold I of Istria
MotherHedwig of Wittelsbach

Berthold IV (c. 1159 – 12 August 1204), a member of the House of Andechs, was Margrave of Istria and Carniola (as Berthold II). By about 1180/82 he assumed the title of Duke of Merania, referring to the Adriatic seacoast of Kvarner which his ancestors had conquered in the 1060s and annexed to Istria and Carniola.[1]

Life

[edit]

Berthold was the son of Count Berthold III of Andechs and his wife Hedwig of Wittelsbach.[2] His father had been a loyal vassal of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and in turn was enfeoffed with the Istrian march upon the death of the Sponheim margrave Engelbert III.

Young Berthold IV first appeared in 1170 and was mentioned as Count of Andechs in an 1172 deed. In 1175 he served as co-ruler in the March of Istria. After Emperor Frederick deposed Duke Henry the Lion in 1180, his mother's relative Otto of Wittelsbach received the Duchy of Bavaria, while Berthold received the Duchy of Merania.[3] The rule over the self-styled "Merania" actually encompassed the same area as the old Istrian margraviate, and did not constitute a separate administrative or political entity; however, its ruler gained prestige from his new ducal title, and the comital House of Andechs was elevated to Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1186, he accompanied Emperor Frederick's son Henry VI to Italy and his marriage with Constance of Sicily. In 1189, he led the third division of the imperial army and was its standard-bearer on the Third Crusade, in which he led the Crusaders with Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia in the Battle of Philomelion in 1190. In 1195, he appeared as Vogt (reeve) of Tegernsee Abbey in Bavaria. Berthold committed himself to join the Crusade of 1197, however, he did not participate until Henry's death in the same year. Though he had opposed the emperor's Erbreichsplan, he backed the claims of Henry's younger brother Philip of Swabia against the politics of Pope Innocent III who supported Philip's Welf rival Otto IV. At this juncture, the House of Andechs was at the height of its power and influence, with extended possessions stretching from Franconia down to the Adriatic.

Berthold died in 1204 and was buried at the Andechs private monastery in Dießen, Bavaria.

Marriage and issue

[edit]
Berthold, Agnes and their family, Hedwig Codex, 1353

About 1180, Berthold married Agnes of Rochlitz,[2] a daughter of Margrave Dedi III of Lusatia from the Saxon House of Wettin. They had:

While passing through Serbia on the Third Crusade, Frederick Barbarossa met the Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja in Niš on 27 July 1189. There it was negotiated that a daughter of Berthold would marry Tohu, son of Prince Miroslav of Zahumlje on the feast of Saint George next (24 April 1190). This marriage does not seem to have taken place and the Historia de Expeditione Friderici Imperatoris does not name the daughter. Scholars are divided over whether it was one of Berthold's known daughters or else a fifth daughter not otherwise recorded.[5][6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Milko Kos, Zgodovina Slovencev: od naselitve do reformacije (Ljubljana, 1933), p. 142
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Newman 2020, p. 30.
  3. ^ Arnold 2003, p. 103.
  4. ^ Lyon 2013, p. 182.
  5. ^ Loud 2010, p. 61–62.
  6. ^ Lyon 2013, p. 154.

Sources

[edit]
  • Arnold, Benjamin (2003). Princes and Territories in Medieval Germany. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521521482.
  • Loud, G. A., ed. (2010). The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts. Ashgate.
  • Lyon, Jonathan (2013). Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
  • Newman, Martha G. (2020). Cistercian Stories for Nuns and Monks. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Berthold, Duke of Merania
 Died: 12 August 1204
Preceded by Duke of Merania
1185–1204 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Margrave of Istria and Carniola
1188–1204 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Berthold,_Duke_of_Merania&oldid=1259750598"