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{{short description|Small young plant that grows from the parent plant's stem}}
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'''Bulbils''' (also referred to as bulbels, bulblets, and/or pups) are small, young plants that are reproduced vegetatively from [[axillary bud]]s on the parent plant's [[Stem (botany)|stem]] or in place of flowers on an [[inflorescence]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/bulbil|title=Bulbil {{!}} plant anatomy|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref> These young plants are clones of the parent plant that produced them—they have identical genetic material.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The formation of bulbils is a form of [[asexual reproduction]], as they can eventually go on to form new stand-alone plants.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
{{About|plant anatomy|the bird|Bulbul|asexual propagules in fungi|Bulbil (mycology)}}
[[File:Dentaria bulbifera (bulbilli).JPG|Bulbils on ''Dentaria bulbifera''|thumb]]
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A '''bulbil''' (also referred to as a '''bulbel''', '''bulblet''', and/or '''pup''') is a small, young plant that is reproduced vegetatively from [[axillary bud]]s on the parent plant's [[stem (botany)|stem]] or in place of a flower on an [[inflorescence]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/bulbil|title=Bulbil {{!}} plant anatomy|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref> These young plants are clones of the parent plant that produced them—they have identical genetic material.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> The formation of bulbils is a form of [[asexual reproduction]], as they can eventually go on to form new stand-alone plants.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/>


Although some bulbils meet the botanical criterion to be considered a true [[bulb]], there are a variety of different [[Morphology (biology)|morphological]] forms of bulbils, some of which are not considered to be bulbs. Hence the reason for distinction between bulbs and bulbils. For example, some [[bulb]]ous plant groups, like onions and lilies, produce bulbils in the form of a secondary, small bulb.<ref name=":3" /> Onion and lily bulbils meet the botanical criterion to be labeled a true bulb.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/bulb|title=bulb {{!}} Description, Functions, & Examples|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref> All bulbils produced by [[bulb]]ous plants are to be considered bulbs, but not all bulbils are to be considered bulbs. For example, other non-bulbous plant groups, like various genera within the subfamily [[Agavoideae]], are well known to produce bulbils that do not actually meet the botanical criterion to be considered a [[bulb]].<ref name=":4" />
Although some bulbils meet the botanical criterion to be considered a true [[bulb]], there are a variety of different [[morphology (biology)|morphological]] forms of bulbils, some of which are not considered to be bulbs. Hence the reason for distinction between bulbs and bulbils. For example, some [[bulb]]ous plant groups, like onions and lilies, produce bulbils in the form of a secondary, small bulb.<ref name=":3"/> Onion and lily bulbils meet the botanical criterion to be labeled a true bulb.<ref name=":3"/><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/bulb|title=bulb {{!}} Description, Functions, & Examples|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref> All bulbils produced by [[bulb]]ous plants are to be considered bulbs, but not all bulbils are to be considered bulbs. For example, other non-bulbous plant groups, like various genera within the subfamily [[Agavoideae]], are well known to produce bulbils that do not actually meet the botanical criterion to be considered a [[bulb]].<ref name=":4"/>

{{See also|Bulb#Bulbil}}


== Bulbils in Agavoideae ==
== Bulbils in Agavoideae ==
[[File:Agave vilmoriniana 02.JPG|Bulbils on ''[[Agave vilmoriniana]]''|thumb|right|upright]]
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Within [[Agavoideae]], bulbils develop on the [[inflorescence]] of a blooming plant.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Agaves of Continental North America|last=Gentry|first=Howard S.|publisher=The University of Arizona Press|year=1982|isbn=978-0816507757|location=Tucson, Arizona|pages=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=|title=Agaves, Yuccas, and Related Plants : A Gardener's Guide|last=Irish|first=Mary|last2=Irish|first2=Gary|publisher=Timber Press|year=2000|isbn=9780881924428|location=Portland, Oregon|pages=|oclc=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Agaves: Living sculptures for landscapes and containers|last=Starr|first=Greg|publisher=Timber Press, Inc.|year=2012|isbn=9781604691986|location=Portland, Oregon|pages=}}</ref> The development of bulbils in this group is common in approximately 17 ''[[Agave]]'' species, all ''[[Furcraea]]'' species, and has been somewhat documented in ''[[Yucca]]'' (particularly ''[[Yucca elata]]''), and ''[[Hesperaloe]]''.<ref name=":0" /> Bulbils can develop quite quickly, many do so after the flowers die, and can persist on the inflorescence for around one to two years before falling to root in the ground.<ref name=":0" /> While still on the parent plant, many species develop [[Adventitious Roots|adventitious roots]] and can grow to sizes ranging from 5 to 15 centimeters, if left to mature.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Paleoallium billgenseli SR 00-05-23 A.jpg|thumb|right|upright|''[[Paleoallium billgenseli]]'' bulbil with flowers]]
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Within [[Agavoideae]], bulbils develop on the [[inflorescence]] of a blooming plant.<ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=Agaves of Continental North America|last=Gentry|first=Howard S.|publisher=The University of Arizona Press|year=1982|isbn=978-0816507757|location=Tucson, Arizona}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/agavesyuccasrela0000iris|title=Agaves, Yuccas, and Related Plants : A Gardener's Guide|last=Irish|first=Mary|last2=Irish|first2=Gary|publisher=Timber Press|year=2000|isbn=9780881924428|location=Portland, Oregon|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|title=Agaves: Living sculptures for landscapes and containers|last=Starr|first=Greg|publisher=Timber Press, Inc.|year=2012|isbn=9781604691986|location=Portland, Oregon}}</ref> The development of bulbils in this group is common in approximately 17 ''[[Agave]]'' species, all ''[[Furcraea]]'' species, and has been somewhat documented in ''[[Yucca]]'' (particularly ''[[Yucca elata]]''), and ''[[Hesperaloe]]''.<ref name=":0"/> Bulbils can develop quite quickly, many do so after the flowers die, and can persist on the inflorescence for around one to two years before falling to root in the ground.<ref name=":0"/> While still on the parent plant, many species develop [[adventitious root]]s and can grow to sizes ranging from 5 to 15 centimeters, if left to mature.<ref name=":0"/>

== Examples ==
* ''[[Aconitum columbianum]]'' ssp. viviparum <ref>[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Aconitum+columbianum+ssp.+viviparum&one=T CalFlora: ''Aconitum columbianum ssp. viviparum'']</ref>
* ''[[Agave]]'' <ref name="Table 1" />
* ''[[Allium vineale]]''
* ''[[Allium paradoxum]]''
* [[Tree onion|''Allium'' × ''proliferum'']] (tree onion)
* ''[[Allium sativum]]'' (garlic)
* ''[[Amorphophallus bulbifer]]''
* ''[[Asplenium bulbiferum]]''
* ''[[Bistorta vivipara]]''
* ''[[Cardamine bulbifera]]''
* ''[[Cicuta bulbifera]]''
* ''[[Claytonia sibirica]]'' L. var. bulbifera <ref>[https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CLSIB Claytonia sibirica L. var. bulbifera]</ref>
* ''[[Costus spiral]]'' <ref name="Table 1" />
* ''[[Cynorkis uncata]]'' <ref name="Table 1" />
* ''[[Cystopteris bulbifera]]''
* ''[[Cyperus alternifolius]]'' <ref name="Table 1" />
* ''[[Dentaria bulbifera]]''
* ''[[Dodecatheon hendersonii]]'' A. Gray ssp. hendersonii <ref>[https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/2018/DOHE.pdf Plant Propagation Protocol for Dodecatheon hendersonii]</ref>
* ''[[Dioscorea bulbifera]]''
* ''[[Eleocharis vivipara]]''
* ''[[Ficaria verna]]'' ssp. bulbifera
* ''[[Furcraea]]'' hexapetala <ref name="Table 1"> [https://ezcurralab.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2020-05/41.pdf Insurance against reproductive failure in a semelparous plant, Table 1]</ref>
* ''[[Homeria breyniana]]'' <ref name="Table 1" />
* ''[[Kalanchoe daigremontiana]]''
* ''[[Lithophragma glabrum]]''
* ''[[Leskeaceae]]'' nervosa Myr. var. bulbifera <ref>[https://wnmu.edu/academic/nspages/gilaflora/leskeella_nervosa.html Plants of the Gila Wilderness]</ref>
* ''[[Lilium bulbiferum]]''
* ''[[Lilium lancifolium]]''
* ''[[Oxalis inaequalis]]''
* ''[[Pinellia ternata]]''
* ''[[Saxifraga cernua]]'' <ref name="Table 1" />
* ''[[Woodwardia radicans]]'' <ref>[https://ebps.org.uk/woodwardia-radicans-costal-bulbils/ Woodwardia radicans with costal bulbils]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Propagule]]


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Plant morphology]]
[[Category:Plant morphology]]

Latest revision as of 00:06, 27 November 2024

This article is about plant anatomy. For the bird, see Bulbul. For asexual propagules in fungi, see Bulbil (mycology).
Bulbils on Dentaria bulbifera

A bulbil (also referred to as a bulbel, bulblet, and/or pup) is a small, young plant that is reproduced vegetatively from axillary buds on the parent plant's stem or in place of a flower on an inflorescence.[1] These young plants are clones of the parent plant that produced them—they have identical genetic material.[2][3][4] The formation of bulbils is a form of asexual reproduction, as they can eventually go on to form new stand-alone plants.[3][4]

Although some bulbils meet the botanical criterion to be considered a true bulb, there are a variety of different morphological forms of bulbils, some of which are not considered to be bulbs. Hence the reason for distinction between bulbs and bulbils. For example, some bulbous plant groups, like onions and lilies, produce bulbils in the form of a secondary, small bulb.[1] Onion and lily bulbils meet the botanical criterion to be labeled a true bulb.[1][5] All bulbils produced by bulbous plants are to be considered bulbs, but not all bulbils are to be considered bulbs. For example, other non-bulbous plant groups, like various genera within the subfamily Agavoideae, are well known to produce bulbils that do not actually meet the botanical criterion to be considered a bulb.[5]

See also: Bulb § Bulbil

Bulbils in Agavoideae

[edit]
Bulbils on Agave vilmoriniana
Paleoallium billgenseli bulbil with flowers

Within Agavoideae, bulbils develop on the inflorescence of a blooming plant.[3][2][4] The development of bulbils in this group is common in approximately 17 Agave species, all Furcraea species, and has been somewhat documented in Yucca (particularly Yucca elata), and Hesperaloe.[2] Bulbils can develop quite quickly, many do so after the flowers die, and can persist on the inflorescence for around one to two years before falling to root in the ground.[2] While still on the parent plant, many species develop adventitious roots and can grow to sizes ranging from 5 to 15 centimeters, if left to mature.[2]

Examples

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Bulbil | plant anatomy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
  2. ^ a b c d e Irish, Mary; Irish, Gary (2000). Agaves, Yuccas, and Related Plants : A Gardener's Guide. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 9780881924428.
  3. ^ a b c Gentry, Howard S. (1982). Agaves of Continental North America. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0816507757.
  4. ^ a b c Starr, Greg (2012). Agaves: Living sculptures for landscapes and containers. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 9781604691986.
  5. ^ a b "bulb | Description, Functions, & Examples". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
  6. ^ CalFlora: Aconitum columbianum ssp. viviparum
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Insurance against reproductive failure in a semelparous plant, Table 1
  8. ^ Claytonia sibirica L. var. bulbifera
  9. ^ Plant Propagation Protocol for Dodecatheon hendersonii
  10. ^ Plants of the Gila Wilderness
  11. ^ Woodwardia radicans with costal bulbils
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