White City Stadium: Difference between revisions

White City Stadium
	The stadium during the 1908 Summer Olympics
Location	White City, London, England
Coordinates	51°30′49″N 0°13′39″W / 51.5136°N 0.2274°W
Capacity	93,000
Surface	Grass
Construction
Broke ground	1907; 117 years ago
Opened	27 April 1908; 116 years ago
Closed	1984; 40 years ago
Demolished	1985; 39 years ago
Tenants
	Queens Park Rangers (1931–33, 1962–63); London Highfield (1933); White City Rebels (1976–78); Greyhound Racing Association (1926–84);

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White City Stadium in London, England, was built for the 1908 Summer Olympics. It hosted the finish of the first modern marathon and swimming, speedway, boxing, show jumping, athletics, stock car racing, concerts and a match at the 1966 World Cup.

From 1927, it was a venue for greyhound racing, hosting the English Greyhound Derby until its closure in 1984. The stadium was demolished in 1985 and the site is now occupied by White City Place.

History

Designed by the engineer J. J. Webster and completed in 10 months by George Wimpey,^[2] on part of the site of the Franco-British Exhibition, this stadium with a seating capacity of 68,000 was opened by King Edward VII on 27 April 1908 after the first stanchion had been placed in position by Ettie Grenfell, Baroness Desborough on 2 August 1907. The cost of construction was £60,000.^[3] Upon completion, the stadium had a running track 24 ft wide (7.3 m) and three laps to the mile (536 m); outside there was a 35-foot-wide (11 m), 660-yard (600 m) cycle track. The infield included a swimming and diving pool.

Many events of the 1908 Olympics were at the stadium itself whereas nowadays there are many arenas. The Olympic rugby union final between Australia and Great Britain was held in the stadium on 26 October 1908^[4]^[5] and events such as archery and gymnastics took place at White City, while some others took place at Queens Club. Swimming was held at White City, in a 100 metres long pool dug in the infield.

The position of the finish line for the marathon in the 1908 Summer Olympics is commemorated by a marker in the plaza that now stands there. The distance of the modern marathon was fixed at these Games and calculated from the start of the race at Windsor Castle to a point in front of the royal box. The medal table for the 1908 Summer Olympics is also listed on a nearby wall.^[6]

The original running track continued in use until 1914. There were attempts to sell the stadium in 1922, but several athletes in the team for the 1924 Summer Olympics used it for training.

In 1926, the GRA (Greyhound Racing Association) took over the stadium and in 1927, the track was grassed over for greyhound racing and speedway. They built new covered terracing and a restaurant. From 1927 until its closure, it hosted weekly greyhound meetings and was considered the top greyhound track in Britain. It hosted the sport's premier event, the English Greyhound Derby, until 1984. Just before and after the Second World War attendances were huge, a record 92,000 spectators attended the 1939 Derby final.

In 1931, a 440yd running track was installed for the Amateur Athletic Association Championships, held there from 1932 to 1970. Besides the AAA championships, major athletics events, including international matches, were held at the stadium. In 1954, in a match against Russia Christopher Chataway broke the world 5000m record running against Vladimir Kuts. The one mile world record was broken there by Derek Ibbotson in 1957. In 1934, the second British Empire Games and the fourth Women's World Games were held at the venue.

Also in 1931, Queens Park Rangers F.C. began the first of two spells playing at the stadium, until 1933 (the second spell was from 1962 to 1963). QPR eventually decided against a permanent move to White City and stayed at Loftus Road.

Between 1932 and 1958, the stadium hosted major British boxing events, with attendances peaking as high as 90,000 for the second meeting between Len Harvey and Jack Petersen in 1934. The first major fight at the stadium was Len Harvey's unsuccessful challenge for the NBA Middleweight Championship versus Marcel Thil of France. Future heavyweight champion Primo Carnera suffered his only defeat on British soil here when he lost to Canadian Larry Gains in May 1932. Other important fighters to appear at White City include Jock McAvoy, Don Cockell, Nino Valdez, Henry Cooper and Terry Downes.

In 1933, Wigan Highfield, a rugby league side, nearly became bankrupt. White City Company, owners of the stadium, decided to move the club to White City. Previously, only rugby union had been popular in southern England, professional rugby league being the preserve of northern towns and cities. Wigan Highfield became London Highfield with their debts paid. Their first try was scored by George "Porky" Davies, who went on to play for Liverpool Stanley and then St. Helens from 1938 to 1947. The White City Company lost money on the venture and decided not to continue with rugby league. London Highfield was the precursor to London Broncos, the current leading rugby league club in London.

In 1966, Wembley's owner's refusal to cancel regular greyhound racing meant the match between Uruguay and France in the 1966 FIFA World Cup was played at White City. The game attracted 45,662 fans.

The stadium was demolished in 1985 and the site is now occupied by White City Place (formerly BBC White City).

Greyhound racing

White City Stadium was principally used for greyhound racing for the majority of its existence. The first greyhound meeting took place on 20 June 1927.^[7] The stadium became the Mecca of greyhound racing with tens of thousands of spectators attending meetings on a regular basis, particularly in the 1940s, and 1950s. A crowd of 92,000 attended the 1939 English Greyhound Derby final.^[8]

Competitions

The track was renowned for holding some of the sport's top events in addition to the English Greyhound Derby. They included the Grand National, the Oaks, the Wood Lane Stakes, the Longcross Cup and The Cambridgeshire.^[9] The final Greyhound Derby was held on 23 June 1984.

Speedway

The speedway track at White City was 380 metres (420 yards) in length.

The White City stadium first held open speedway meetings in 1928 before the start of the Southern League, in 1929. A team from the stadium known as White City (London) entered the 1929 Southern League where they finished in 7th place out of 11 teams (after Birmingham (Hall Green) resigned for the league after racing 7 league matches). The White City team were due to race in the 1930 Southern League, but they withdrew from the league before it started. The stadium then ran once again using an Open Licence and held occasional one-off meetings between (1953–1958, 1961) until a new league team was formed, from the Oxford 'Rebels' in 1976.

From 1976 until 1978, the stadium was home to White City Rebels speedway team.^[10] The team closed after only three seasons due to poor crowds levels, despite finishing the 1977 season as champions of the British League. The Rebels' most notable rider was England International Gordon Kennett. Other notable riders were Steve Weatherley, Trevor Geer, Poland's Marek Cieślak and multiple Finnish champion Kai Niemi and Colin Watson (pre war).^[11]

From 1979 to 1983 the stadium once again raced using an Open Licence hosting a number of high-profile Speedway World Championship qualifying rounds, including the Overseas and Intercontinental Finals during the 1970s, and 1980s. It also hosted the Final of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1976, 1979 and 1982.

Following the end of speedway at the Wembley Stadium after the 1981 World Final, White City became the home of international speedway in Great Britain until it was closed in 1984. Following this international speedway moved out of London and north to Odsal Stadium in Bradford.

Speedway World Finals

World Team Cup

1976 – Australia (John Boulger / Phil Crump / Billy Sanders / Phil Herne / Garry Middleton) – 42 pts
1979 – New Zealand (Ivan Mauger / Larry Ross / Mitch Shirra / Bruce Cribb / Roger Abel) – 35 pts
1982 – United States (Bruce Penhall / Bobby Schwartz / Kelly Moran / Shawn Moran / Scott Autrey) – 34 pts

Appearances in the media

The White City Stadium features in the climax to the 1950 film The Blue Lamp. It also appears in an episode of 1960s television spy series Man in a Suitcase ("Man From the Dead"), and was used in the 1973 film Steptoe and Son Ride Again. Some sections of the video for The Human League single "Life On Your Own" were shot in the stadium in 1984, just a few months before its demolition.

The stadium is shown in the 1956 comedy centred on greyhound racing Jumping for Joy. It was also shown in the 1960 episode of 77 Sunset Strip, "The Double Death of Benny Markham".

The stadium was the location of a public outburst by Ray Davies of The Kinks during a July 1973 performance.^[12] Davies swore onstage,^[13] and at the show's conclusion, as pretaped music played on the sound system, declared his retirement from the group.^[12]^[13] He subsequently collapsed after a drug overdose and was rushed to hospital.^[12]^[14] He would eventually recover and return to recording with The Kinks.^[15]

At a David Cassidy show on 26 May 1974, 800 people were injured in a crush at the front of the stage.^[16] Thirty were taken to hospital, and one, 14-year-old Bernadette Whelan, died on 30 May from injuries.^[17]

The Pogues made a song about the stadium and its demolition, called "White City". It can be found on their 1989 album Peace and Love.

References

^ History of the White City Site BBC
^ White, p. 5
^ Zarnowski, C. Frank (Summer 1992). "A Look at Olympic Costs" (PDF). Citius, Altius, Fortius. 1 (1): 16–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
^ The First Hundred Years - The story of rugby in Cornwall by Tom Salmon 1983 (published by the Cornwall RFU)
^ "Official Report 1908 page 1". digital.la84.org.
^ The photographing of the plaques is not allowed without prior permission.
^ "A Concise History Greyhound Racing". Stainforth OnLine. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
^ Dack, Barrie (1990). Greyhound Derby, the first 60 years. Ringpress Books. ISBN 0-948955-36-8.
^ Genders, Roy (1990). The National Greyhound Racing Club Book of Greyhound Racing. pelhambooks. ISBN 0-7207-1804-X.
^ Bamford, R. & Jarvis, J. (2001). Homes of British Speedway. ISBN 0-7524-2210-3
^ Jacobs, N. Speedway in London, ISBN 0-7524-2221-9
^ ^a ^b ^c Hinman, Doug (2004). p. 174
^ ^a ^b Hollingsworth, Roy (21 July 1973). "Thank you for the days, Ray". Melody Maker.
^ George, Chris (27 August 1994). "The Kitchen Sink Kink". The Independent.
^ Portions of the preceding paragraph copied from the Wikipedia article The Kinks, section "Theatrical Incarnation: 1973–1976"
^ "14 girls hurt in crush at Cassidy concert". The Times. 27 May 1974.
^ Thompson, Dave (31 May 2016). "The death of a teenybopper". Goldmine Magazine: Record Collector & Music Memorabilia.

Sources

White, Valerie (1980). Wimpey: The first hundred years. George Wimpey.

External links

White City Stadium and BBC radio Archived 3 August 2004 at the Wayback Machine
White City Development - History Archived 18 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Remembering White City - 'the governor' of lost tracks Article on Betfair.com
Map sources for White City Stadium
/BBC Sport 1908 Olympics in photos
Aerial view of stadium in 1933 from the English Heritage "Britain from Above" archive

[1] History of the White City Site BBC

[2] White, p. 5

[Zarnowski-3] Zarnowski, C. Frank (Summer 1992). "A Look at Olympic Costs" (PDF). Citius, Altius, Fortius. 1 (1): 16–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2007.

[4] The First Hundred Years - The story of rugby in Cornwall by Tom Salmon 1983 (published by the Cornwall RFU)

[5] "Official Report 1908 page 1". digital.la84.org.

[6] The photographing of the plaques is not allowed without prior permission.

[7] "A Concise History Greyhound Racing". Stainforth OnLine. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

[8] Dack, Barrie (1990). Greyhound Derby, the first 60 years. Ringpress Books. ISBN 0-948955-36-8.

[9] Genders, Roy (1990). The National Greyhound Racing Club Book of Greyhound Racing. pelhambooks. ISBN 0-7207-1804-X.

[10] Bamford, R. & Jarvis, J. (2001). Homes of British Speedway. ISBN 0-7524-2210-3

[11] Jacobs, N. Speedway in London, ISBN 0-7524-2221-9

[Hinman_174-12] Hinman, Doug (2004). p. 174

[Days-13] Hollingsworth, Roy (21 July 1973). "Thank you for the days, Ray". Melody Maker.

[Independent-14] George, Chris (27 August 1994). "The Kitchen Sink Kink". The Independent.

[15] Portions of the preceding paragraph copied from the Wikipedia article The Kinks, section "Theatrical Incarnation: 1973–1976"

[16] "14 girls hurt in crush at Cassidy concert". The Times. 27 May 1974.

[17] Thompson, Dave (31 May 2016). "The death of a teenybopper". Goldmine Magazine: Record Collector & Music Memorabilia.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Former stadium at White City, London, UK}}
+{{Short description|Stadium in London, England, 1908 to 1985}}
 {{About|the stadium in London|other venues named White City Stadium|White City (disambiguation){{!}}White City}}
 {{Use British English|date=April 2014}}
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 }}
-'''White City Stadium''' was a [[stadium]] located in [[White City, London|White City]], [[London]], England. Built for the [[1908 Summer Olympics]], it hosted the finish of the first modern marathon and other sports like swimming, speedway, boxing, show jumping, athletics, stock car racing, concerts and a match at the [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966 World Cup]].
+'''White City Stadium''' in [[London]], England, was built for the [[1908 Summer Olympics]]. It hosted the finish of the first modern marathon and swimming, speedway, boxing, show jumping, athletics, stock car racing, concerts and a match at the [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966 World Cup]].
 From 1927, it was a venue for greyhound racing, hosting the [[English Greyhound Derby]] until its closure in 1984. The stadium was demolished in 1985 and the site is now occupied by [[White City Place]].
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 ==History==
 [[File:Franco-British Exhibition, 1908 (3057429205).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Franco-British Exhibition (1908)|1908 Franco-British Exhibition]] site seen from the air. The White City Stadium is to the right of the view]]
-Designed by the engineer [[John Webster|J. J. Webster]] and completed in 10 months by [[George Wimpey]],<ref>White, p. 5</ref> on part of the site of the [[Franco-British Exhibition (1908)|Franco-British Exhibition]], this stadium with a seating capacity of 68,000 was opened by [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]] on 27 April 1908 after the first stanchion had been placed in position by Lady Desborough on 2 August 1907. The cost of construction was [[Pound sterling|£]]60,000.<ref name=Zarnowski>{{cite journal|author-link1=Frank Zarnowski | last = Zarnowski | first = C. Frank |date=Summer 1992 | title = A Look at Olympic Costs | journal = Citius, Altius, Fortius | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–32 | url = http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1f.pdf | access-date =24 March 2007}}</ref> Upon completion, the stadium had a running track {{convert|24|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=mid|wide}} and three laps to the mile (536 m); outside there was a {{convert|35|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}}, {{convert|660|yd|m|adj=on}} cycle track. The infield included a swimming and diving pool.
+Designed by the engineer [[John Webster|J. J. Webster]] and completed in 10 months by [[George Wimpey]],<ref>White, p. 5</ref> on part of the site of the [[Franco-British Exhibition (1908)|Franco-British Exhibition]], this stadium with a seating capacity of 68,000 was opened by [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]] on 27 April 1908 after the first stanchion had been placed in position by [[Ettie Grenfell, Baroness Desborough]] on 2 August 1907. The cost of construction was [[Pound sterling|£]]60,000.<ref name=Zarnowski>{{cite journal | author-link1 = Frank Zarnowski | last = Zarnowski | first = C. Frank | date = Summer 1992 | title = A Look at Olympic Costs | journal = Citius, Altius, Fortius | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–32 | url = http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1f.pdf | access-date = 24 March 2007 | archive-date = 16 January 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130116184454/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1f.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> Upon completion, the stadium had a running track {{convert|24|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=mid|wide}} and three laps to the mile (536 m); outside there was a {{convert|35|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}}, {{convert|660|yd|m|adj=on}} cycle track. The infield included a swimming and diving pool.
 Many events of the [[1908 Olympics]] were at the stadium itself whereas nowadays there are many arenas. [[Rugby union at the 1908 Summer Olympics|The Olympic rugby union final]] between [[Australia]] and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]] was held in the stadium on 26 October 1908<ref>The First Hundred Years - The story of rugby in Cornwall by Tom Salmon 1983 (published by the Cornwall RFU)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/9081/rec/6|title=Official Report 1908 page 1|website=digital.la84.org}}</ref> and events such as archery and gymnastics took place at White City, while some others took place at [[Queens Club]].  Swimming was held at White City, in a 100 metres long pool dug in the infield.
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 {{main|White City Greyhounds}}
-White City Stadium was principally used for [[greyhound racing]] for the majority of its existence. The first greyhound meeting took place on 20 June 1927.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.stainforthonline.co.uk/2001/meadow_court_racing_history.htm | title = A Concise History Greyhound Racing | access-date = 2012-08-07 | publisher = Stainforth OnLine}}</ref>
+White City Stadium was principally used for [[greyhound racing]] for the majority of its existence. The first greyhound meeting took place on 20 June 1927.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.stainforthonline.co.uk/2001/meadow_court_racing_history.htm | title = A Concise History Greyhound Racing | access-date = 2012-08-07 | publisher = Stainforth OnLine | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032250/http://www.stainforthonline.co.uk/2001/meadow_court_racing_history.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>
 The stadium became the Mecca of greyhound racing with tens of thousands of spectators attending meetings on a regular basis, particularly in the 1940s, and 1950s. A crowd of 92,000 attended the [[1939 English Greyhound Derby]] final.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dack|first=Barrie|title=Greyhound Derby, the first 60 years|year=1990|publisher=Ringpress Books|isbn=0-948955-36-8}}</ref>
 ===Competitions===
-The track was renowned for holding some of the sports top events in addition to the [[English Greyhound Derby]]. They included the [[Grand National (greyhounds)|Grand National]], the [[Oaks (greyhounds)|Oaks]], the Wood Lane Stakes, the Longcross Cup and the Cambridgeshire.<ref>{{cite book|last=Genders|first=Roy|title=The National Greyhound Racing Club Book of Greyhound Racing|year=1990|publisher=pelhambooks|isbn=0-7207-1804-X}}</ref> The final Greyhound Derby was held on 23 June 1984.
+The track was renowned for holding some of the sport's top events in addition to the [[English Greyhound Derby]]. They included the [[Grand National (greyhounds)|Grand National]], the [[Oaks (greyhounds)|Oaks]], the Wood Lane Stakes, the Longcross Cup and [[The Cambridgeshire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Genders|first=Roy|title=The National Greyhound Racing Club Book of Greyhound Racing|year=1990|publisher=pelhambooks|isbn=0-7207-1804-X}}</ref> The final Greyhound Derby was held on 23 June 1984.
 ==Speedway==
@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
 The White City Stadium features in the climax to the 1950 film ''[[The Blue Lamp]]''. It also appears in an episode of 1960s television spy series ''[[Man in a Suitcase]]'' ("Man From the Dead"), and was used in the 1973 film ''[[Steptoe and Son Ride Again]]''. Some sections of the video for [[The Human League]] single "[[Life On Your Own]]" were shot in the stadium in 1984, just a few months before its demolition.
-The stadium is shown in the 1956 comedy centred on greyhound racing ''[[Jumping for Joy]]''.
+The stadium is shown in the 1956 comedy centred on greyhound racing ''[[Jumping for Joy]]''. It was also shown in the 1960 episode of 77 Sunset Strip, "The Double Death of Benny Markham".
 The stadium was the location of a public outburst by [[Ray Davies]] of [[The Kinks]] during a July 1973 performance.<ref name="Hinman 174">Hinman, Doug (2004). p.&nbsp;174</ref> Davies swore onstage,<ref name="Days">Hollingsworth, Roy (21 July 1973). "Thank you for the days, Ray". ''[[Melody Maker]]''.</ref> and at the show's conclusion, as pretaped music played on the sound system, declared his retirement from the group.<ref name="Hinman 174"/><ref name="Days"/> He subsequently collapsed after a drug overdose and was rushed to hospital.<ref name="Hinman 174"/><ref name="Independent">George, Chris (27 August 1994). "The Kitchen Sink Kink". ''[[The Independent]]''.</ref> He would eventually recover and return to recording with The Kinks.<ref>Portions of the preceding paragraph copied from the Wikipedia article [[The Kinks]], section "Theatrical Incarnation: 1973–1976"</ref>
-At a [[David Cassidy]] show on 26 May 1974, 800 people were injured in a crush at the front of the stage.<ref>{{cite news | title = 14 girls hurt in crush at Cassidy concert | date = 27 May 1974 | work = The Times }}</ref> Thirty were taken to hospital, and one, 14-year-old Bernadette Whelan, died on 30 May from injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldminemag.com/columns/death-teenybopper|title=The death of a teenybopper|first=Dave|last=Thompson|website=Goldmine Magazine: Record Collector & Music Memorabilia}}</ref>
+At a [[David Cassidy]] show on 26 May 1974, 800 people were injured in a crush at the front of the stage.<ref>{{cite news | title = 14 girls hurt in crush at Cassidy concert | date = 27 May 1974 | work = The Times }}</ref> Thirty were taken to hospital, and one, 14-year-old Bernadette Whelan, died on 30 May from injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldminemag.com/columns/death-teenybopper|title=The death of a teenybopper|first=Dave|last=Thompson|website=Goldmine Magazine: Record Collector & Music Memorabilia|date=31 May 2016 }}</ref>
 [[The Pogues]] made a song about the stadium and its demolition, called "White City". It can be found on their 1989 album ''[[Peace and Love (The Pogues album)|Peace and Love]]''.
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 == External links ==
 {{Commons category|White City Stadium}}
-* [http://www.la21.org.uk/whitecity/stadium.html White City Stadium and BBC radio]
+* [http://www.la21.org.uk/whitecity/stadium.html White City Stadium and BBC radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803210923/http://www.la21.org.uk/whitecity/stadium.html |date=3 August 2004 }}
-* [http://www.whitecitydevelopment.com/history.asp White City Development - History]
+* [http://www.whitecitydevelopment.com/history.asp White City Development - History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418001934/http://www.whitecitydevelopment.com/history.asp |date=18 April 2009 }}
 * [http://betting.betfair.com/greyhound-racing/lost-tracks/remembering-white-city-the-gov-061207.html Remembering White City - 'the governor' of lost tracks] Article on Betfair.com
 *{{oscoor gbx|TQ231809}}
@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 {{1966 FIFA World Cup stadiums}}
 {{English greyhound tracks}}
+{{Motorcycle speedway tracks}}
 [[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1985]]
@@ Line 139: / Line 140: @@
 [[Category:Defunct rugby league venues in England]]
 [[Category:Demolished buildings and structures in London]]
-[[Category:1966 FIFA World Cup stadiums]]
 [[Category:Former buildings and structures in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]]
 [[Category:History of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]]
@@ Line 155: / Line 155: @@
 [[Category:Olympic diving venues]]
 [[Category:Olympic field hockey venues]]
-[[Category:Olympic football venues]]
 [[Category:Olympic swimming venues]]
 [[Category:Olympic cycling venues]]
@@ Line 161: / Line 160: @@
 [[Category:Olympic rugby union venues]]
 [[Category:Olympic water polo venues]]
+[[Category:Olympic lacrosse venues]]
+[[Category:Olympic wrestling venues]]
 [[Category:Defunct sports venues in London]]
 [[Category:White City, London|Stadium]]
@@ Line 167: / Line 168: @@
 [[Category:Defunct greyhound racing venues in London]]
 [[Category:Defunct football venues in England]]
+[[Category:Sport in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]]

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Germany	Abensberg Berghaupten Berlin FLJ Sportpark Wolfslake Bopfingen Bremen Brokstedt Cloppenburg Friesoyther MSC Arena Diedenbergen Gelsenkirchen Güstrow Herxheim Kempten Krumbach Landshut Leipzig Ludwigslust Lübbenau Meissen Munich BBM Olympic Neubrandenburg Neumünster Neustadt Donau Norden Oberhausen Olching Parchim Petershagen Pfaffenhofen Pocking Rodenbach Rostock Ruhpolding Senftenberg Stralsund Teterow Wittstock
Great Britain & Ireland	Aldershot Boxalls Oxenden Ashington Aycliffe Barnsley Barrow Holker Little Park Park Road Belfast Berwick Berrington Shielfield Birmingham Hall Green Perry Barr old Perry Barr Wheels Park Blantyre Craighead Greyhound stadium Bolton Boston Bradford Greenfield Odsal Brafield Bristol Eastville Knowle Brownhills Burnley Buxton Caerphilly Canterbury Cardiff Millennium Penarth White City Castleford Chesterton Coatbridge Coventry Brandon Lythalls Cowdenbeath Cradley Heath Crayford and Bexleyheath Crewe Doncaster Sprotbrough Stainforth Dublin Chapelizod Shelbourne Earls Barton Eastbourne Edinburgh Armadale Marine Gardens Old Meadowbank Powderhall Ellesmere Port Exeter County Marsh Barton Fleetwood Glasgow Carntyne Celtic Park Hampden Park Nelson Saracen Shawfield White City Halifax Shay Thrum Hastings Highbridge Hull Boulevard Craven Hedon Ipswich Isle of Wight King's Lynn Leeds Leicester Beaumont) Stadium) Linlithgow Liverpool Seaforth Stanley London Catford Dagenham Greenford Hackney Harringay Lea Bridge New Cross Romford Stamford Bridge Walthamstow Wembley West Ham White City Wimbledon Long Eaton Luton Manchester Audenshaw Belle Vue Hyde Rd National White City Mansfield Melton Mowbray Middlesbrough Cleveland South Tees Mildenhall Milton Keynes Motherwell Neath Nelson New Brighton Newcastle Brough Pk Gosforth Newport Hayley Somerton Northampton Norwich Nottingham Oxford Paisley Peterborough Plymouth Coliseum Pennycross Pontypridd Poole Portsmouth Preston Purfleet Rayleigh Weir Reading Oxford Rd Smallmead Ringwood Rochdale Rochester Rye House St Austell Salford Scunthorpe Ashby V E Wright Quibell Sheffield Sittingbourne Central Park Iwade Skegness Southampton Stockport Stoke-on-Trent Sunderland Swindon Syston Tamworth Tredegar Warrington Weybridge Weymouth Wigan Poolstock Woodhouse Wolverhampton Wombwell Workington Derwent Lonsdale Northside Yarmouth
Hungary	Cserénfa Debrecen Gyula Mórahalom Miskolc Nagyhalász Nyíregyháza Szeged (Napos) Szeged (SZEAC)
Italy	Badia Polesine Castiglione Olona Civitanova Marche Lonigo Monticello di Fara Terenzano Treviso Udine
New Zealand	Auckland Onehunga Rosebank W Springs Christchurch Gisborne Invercargill Kihikihi Masterton Napier Palmerston North Stratford Tauranga Wellington West Melton
Norway	Bergen Brumunddal Drammen Hamar Idrettsplassen Utstillingsplassen Vikingskipet Hokksund Hommersåk Kongsberg Basserudåsen Idrettsparken Kristiansand Idda Sørlandsparken Stadion Nærbø Oslo Bislett Dælenenga Frogner Lunner Sandefjord Sandnes Sandvika Skien Trondheim Lerkendal Tempebanen Tønsberg Varhaug
Poland	Bydgoszcz Chorzów Częstochowa Gdańsk Gniezno Gorzów Grudziądz Kraków Krosno Leszno Łódź Lublin Opole Ostrów Piła Poznań Rawicz Rybnik Rzeszów Świętochłowice (Hasiok) Świętochłowice (Skalka) Tarnów Toruń Apator M.Rose Warsaw Army Gwardia National Stadium Skra Wrocław Zielona Góra
Russia	Balakovo Cherkessk Elista Kemerovo Moscow Novosibirsk Oktyabrsky Saint Petersburg Salavat Sterlitamak Tolyatti Ufa Stroitel Trud Ussuriysk Vladivostok
Slovakia	Banská Bystrica Bratislava Ružinov Slobod Zohor Partizánske Žarnovica
Sweden	Avesta Avestavallen Brovalla Borås Eskilstuna Smedstadion Snälltorpet Eslöv Falköping Gislaved Gothenburg Hagfors Hallstavik Huddinge Karlstad Kumla Lindesberg Linköping Ryd Sviestad Målilla Motorbana Skrotfrag Malmö Arlövs Motorstadion Stadion Mariestad Motala Nässjö Norrköping Dagsbergsfältet Kråkvilan Nyköping Örebro Adolfsberg Täby Trängens Stockholm Friends Gubbängens Hammarby Olympic Västervik Växjö Vetlanda Visby
United States	Anaheim Beltsville Carter Lake Costa Mesa Gardena Greenville Long Beach Pineville Los Angeles (Coliseum) Los Angeles (Legion) Sacramento Santa Ana San Jose Ventura
Rest of the World	Bahía Blanca Amsterdam Blijham Chervonohrad Crikvenica Daugavpils Goričan Heusden-Zolder Jagodina Kranj Krško Lendava Ljubljana Lviv Mâcon Maribor Marmande Morizès Osijek Paris Prelog Riga Rivne Santarém Shumen Tabasalu Targovishte Veenord Zagreb