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Coordinates: 35°54′S 174°20′E / 35.900°S 174.333°E / -35.900; 174.333
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{{For|the current local government region of Auckland|Auckland Region}}
{{For|the current local government region of Auckland|Auckland Region}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name=Auckland Province
|name=Auckland Province
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==Area==
==Area==
The province covered roughly half of the [[North Island]] of New Zealand. It was the largest of the six initial provinces, both by area and population. The southern boundary was mostly along the [[39th parallel south|39th latitude]], which was an arbitrary line, as the country's interior was little known by Europeans.<ref name="Te Ara Akld Province">{{cite book |title=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |origyear=First published in 1966 |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage|Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga]] |chapter-url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/auckland-province-and-provincial-districts | editor-first=A.H. |editor-last=McLintock |editor-link=Alexander Hare McLintock |accessdate= 1 December 2013 |chapter=Auckland Province and Provincial Districts |date= 22 April 2009}}</ref> It was not subdivided during its existence;<ref name="Te Ara Akld Province" /> the [[Taranaki Province]] (originally named New Plymouth Province)<ref name="Te Ara Taranaki Province">{{cite book |title=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |origyear=First published in 1966 |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage|Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga]] |chapter-url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/taranaki | editor-first=A.H. |editor-last=McLintock |editor-link=Alexander Hare McLintock |accessdate= 1 December 2013 |chapter=Taranaki: Province and Provincial Districts |date= 22 April 2009}}</ref> was the other one that kept its boundaries.
The province covered roughly half of the [[North Island]] of New Zealand. It was the largest of the six initial provinces, both by area and population. The southern boundary was mostly along the [[39th parallel south|39th latitude]], which was an arbitrary line, as the country's interior was little known by Europeans.<ref name="Te Ara Akld Province">{{cite book |title=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |orig-year=First published in 1966 |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage|Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga]] |chapter-url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/auckland-province-and-provincial-districts | editor-first=A.H. |editor-last=McLintock |editor-link=Alexander Hare McLintock |access-date= 1 December 2013 |chapter=Auckland Province and Provincial Districts |date= 22 April 2009}}</ref> It was not subdivided during its existence;<ref name="Te Ara Akld Province" /> the [[Taranaki Province]] (originally named New Plymouth Province)<ref name="Te Ara Taranaki Province">{{cite book |title=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |orig-year=First published in 1966 |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage|Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga]] |chapter-url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/taranaki | editor-first=A.H. |editor-last=McLintock |editor-link=Alexander Hare McLintock |access-date= 1 December 2013 |chapter=Taranaki: Province and Provincial Districts |date= 22 April 2009}}</ref> was the only other that remained unchanged during its existence.


==History==
==History==
The six original provinces were established in 1853. At that time, about 30,000 Europeans were living in New Zealand, and a third of them were based in the Auckland Province. An estimated 70% of the [[Māori people|Māori]] population was within the Auckland Province. Although the population of [[Otago Province]] (triggered by the [[Central Otago Gold Rush]]) and then also the [[Canterbury Region]] surpassed Auckland's, the northernmost area of the country became most populous again by 1901.<ref name="Te Ara Akld Province" />
The six original provinces were established in 1853. At that time, about 30,000 Europeans were living in New Zealand, a third of them in the Auckland Province. An estimated 70% of the [[Māori people|Māori]] population was within the Auckland Province. Although the population of [[Otago Province]] (triggered by the [[Otago gold rush]]) and then also the [[Canterbury Province]] surpassed Auckland's, the northernmost area of the country became most populous again by 1901.<ref name="Te Ara Akld Province" />


The provincial system was abolished in 1876. Auckland Province was from then used as an administrative district by the [[Department of Lands and Survey]], but the area was later subdivided into the North Auckland, South Auckland, and [[Gisborne region|Gisborne]] [[Land Districts of New Zealand|land districts]]. The 39th latitude was subsequently replaced by boundaries that took landforms into account, and as a consequence, parts of the former Auckland Province are now in the [[Wellington Region|Wellington]] and [[Hawke's Bay region|Hawke's Bay]] land districts, and part of the former [[Wellington Province]] is in the South Auckland Land District.<ref name="Te Ara Akld Province" />
The provincial system was abolished in 1876. Auckland Province was from then used as an administrative district by the [[Department of Lands and Survey]], but the area was later subdivided into the North Auckland, South Auckland, and [[Gisborne region|Gisborne]] [[Land Districts of New Zealand|land districts]]. The 39th latitude was subsequently replaced by boundaries that took landforms into account, and as a consequence, parts of the former Auckland Province are now in the [[Wellington Region|Wellington]] and [[Hawke's Bay Region|Hawke's Bay]] land districts, and part of the former [[Wellington Province]] is in the South Auckland Land District.<ref name="Te Ara Akld Province" />


==Anniversary Day==
==Anniversary Day==
New Zealand law provides a public holiday for each province's [[Public holidays in New Zealand#Provincial anniversary days|anniversary day]]. [[Auckland Anniversary Day]] generally occurs in late January and is still observed throughout the historic province.
New Zealand law provides a public holiday for each province's [[Public holidays in New Zealand#Provincial anniversary days|anniversary day]]. [[Auckland Anniversary Day]] generally occurs in late January, on the Monday closest to 29 January, and is still observed throughout the historic province.


==Auckland Provincial Council==
==Auckland Provincial Council==
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===Superintendents===
===Superintendents===
The Auckland Province had nine [[Superintendent (New Zealand)|Superintendents]]:{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=179}}<ref name="Rulers.org">{{cite web |title=Provinces 1848–77 |url= http://rulers.org/newzprov.html |publisher=Rulers.org |accessdate=16 September 2010}}</ref>
The Auckland Province had nine [[Superintendent (New Zealand)|Superintendents]]:{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=179}}<ref name="Rulers.org">{{cite web |title=Provinces 1848–77 |url= http://rulers.org/newzprov.html |publisher=Rulers.org |access-date=16 September 2010}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" width=45%
{| class="wikitable"
! No.
|-
! from
| width= |'''No.'''
! to
| width= |'''from'''
⚫
! Superintendent
| width= |'''to'''
⚫
| width= |'''Superintendent'''
|-
|-
| 1
| 1
| 12 Jul 1853
| 12 July 1853
| 5 Jan 1855
| 5 January 1855
| [[Robert Wynyard]]
| [[Robert Wynyard]]
|-
|-
| 2
| 2
| 15 Mar 1855
| 15 March 1855
| Nov 1855
| Nov 1855
| [[William Brown (New Zealand politician)|William Brown]]
| [[William Brown (New Zealand politician)|William Brown]]
|-
|-
| 3
| 3
| 15 Nov 1855
| 15 November 1855
| 17 Sep 1856
| 17 September 1856
| [[Logan Campbell (politician)|Logan Campbell]]
| [[John Logan Campbell]]
|-
|-
| 4
| 4
| 11 Nov 1856
| 11 November 1856
| Dec 1862
| Dec 1862
| [[John Williamson (New Zealand politician)|John Williamson]]
| [[John Williamson (New Zealand politician)|John Williamson]]
|-
|-
| 5
| 5
| 11 Dec 1862
| 11 December 1862
| 22 Sep 1865
| 22 September 1865
| [[Robert Graham (New Zealand politician)|Robert Graham]]
| [[Robert Graham (New Zealand politician)|Robert Graham]]
|-
|-
| 6
| 6
| 25 Oct 1865
| 25 October 1865
| 2 Mar 1867
| 2 March 1867
| [[Frederick Whitaker]]
| [[Frederick Whitaker]]
|-
|-
| (4)
| (4)
| 18 Apr 1867
| 18 April 1867
| Dec 1869
| Dec 1869
| John Williamson (2nd time)
| John Williamson (2nd time)
|-
|-
| 7
| 7
| 2 Dec 1869
| 2 December 1869
| Nov 1873
| Nov 1873
| [[Thomas Gillies]]
| [[Thomas Gillies]]
|-
|-
| (4)
| (4)
| 20 Nov 1873
| 20 November 1873
| 16 Feb 1875
| 16 February 1875
| John Williamson (3rd time)
| John Williamson (3rd time)
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| 9
| 9
| 24 Mar 1875
| 24 March 1875
| 1 Jan 1877
| 1 January 1877
| [[George Grey]]
| [[George Grey]]
|}
|}
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===Speakers===
===Speakers===
The Provincial Council had three Speakers:{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=180}}
The Provincial Council had three Speakers:{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=180}}
{| class="wikitable" width=45%
{| class="wikitable"
! No.
|-
! from
| width= |'''No.'''
! to
| width= |'''from'''
! Speaker
| width= |'''to'''
| width= |'''Speaker'''
|-
|-
| 1
| 1
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| [[Maurice O'Rorke]]
| [[Maurice O'Rorke]]
|}
|}

=== Members ===
In 1853 the province had [[1853 New Zealand provincial elections#Auckland|6 electorates, with 24 members]]:<ref>{{Cite news |title=Proclamation |work=[[Daily Southern Cross]] |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/DSC18530405.2.11 |access-date=23 May 2021 | volume=X |issue=602 |date=5 April 1853 |page=3}}</ref>

* [[City of Auckland (New Zealand electorate)|City of Auckland]], 6 members
* [[Suburbs of Auckland (New Zealand electorate)|Suburbs of Auckland]], 4 members
* [[Pensioner Settlements (New Zealand electorate)|Pensioner Settlements]], 4 members
* [[Northern Division (New Zealand electorate)|Northern Division]], 4 members
* [[Southern Division (New Zealand electorate)|Southern Division]], 4 members
* [[Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)|Bay of Islands]], 2 members

For its last session of 1873–76, it had 43 members:<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[Auckland Star]] |date=15 December 1873 |page=2 |title=The Provincial Council |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18731215.2.12 |access-date=23 May 2021 | volume=IV |issue=1206 }}</ref>

* Albertland: John Shepherd
* [[Auckland East]]: [[William John Hurst]], [[Joseph Dargaville]], Philip Aaron Philips
* [[Auckland West]]: James Thomas Boylan, [[Patrick Dignan (politician)|Patrick Dignan]], [[David Goldie (politician)|David Goldie]], [[Frederick Prime]]<!-- Q94137311; mayor of Auckland -->, [[William Swanson (politician)|William Swanson]]
* [[Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)|Bay of Islands]]: [[Hugh Carleton]]
* [[Coromandel (New Zealand electorate)|Coromandel]]: [[Alfred Cadman]]
* [[Eden (New Zealand electorate)|Eden]]: Andrew Beveridge, [[William Buckland (politician)|William Buckland]]
* Hokianga: [[John Sheehan (New Zealand politician)|John Sheehan]]
* [[Kaipara (New Zealand electorate)|Kaipara]]: Henry Lloyd
* Mangonui: William Thomas Ball
* [[Newton (New Zealand electorate)|Newton]]: [[Thomas Cheeseman#Biography|Rev. Thomas Cheeseman]], Thomas Macready
* [[Onehunga (New Zealand electorate)|Onehunga]]: [[John Lundon]], [[Maurice O'Rorke]]
* Opotiki: [[William Kelly (New Zealand politician)|William Kelly]]
* Otamatea: Murdoch McLeod
* [[Pakuranga (New Zealand electorate)|Pakuranga]]: [[Ponsonby Peacocke#Family|Ponsonby John Raleigh Peacocke]]
* [[Papakura (New Zealand electorate)|Papakura]]: William Hay
* [[Parnell (New Zealand electorate)|Parnell]]: [[Benjamin Tonks]], [[Reader Wood]]
* [[Raglan (New Zealand electorate)|Raglan]]: Thomas Wilson
* Ramarama: Joseph Crispe
* Takapuna: [[George McCullagh Reed]]
* Tamaki: Robert Nair Ryburn
* [[Tauranga (New Zealand electorate)|Tauranga]]: [[George Morris (New Zealand politician)|George Morris]]
* [[Thames (New Zealand electorate)|Thames]]: [[Lemuel Bagnall]], John Brown, William Carpenter, [[William Turnbull Swan]],{{efn|Swan died on 15 March 1875}} William Davies{{efn|Davies replaced Swan in a by-election held on 5 April 1875}}
* Turanganui: James Woodbine Johnson<!-- younger brother of [[George Randall Johnson]] -->
* [[Waikato (New Zealand electorate)|Waikato]]: [[William Australia Graham]]
* [[Waipa (New Zealand electorate)|Waipa]]: Henry Byron, Hungerford Roche
* Wairoa and Mangapai: William Ormiston
* [[Waitemata (New Zealand electorate)|Waitemata]]: [[Allan Kerr Taylor]]
* Waiuku: [[Ebenezer Hamlin]]
* Warkworth: [[William Pollock Moat]]
* [[Whangārei (New Zealand electorate)|Whangarei]]: [[Robert Douglas (New Zealand politician)|Robert Douglas]]


===Legislation===
===Legislation===
* [http://nzlii.org/nz/legis/auk_ord/ Auckland Provincial Ordinances 1854–1875]
* [[Public Buildings Act 1875]]
*[[Public Buildings Act 1875]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 142: Line 189:


==References==
==References==
*{{cite book | ref = harv |authorlink = Guy Scholefield | last = Scholefield | first= Guy | title = New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 | edition = 3rd | origyear=First published in 1913 | year = 1950 |publisher = Govt. Printer |location = Wellington}}
*{{cite book |author-link = Guy Scholefield | last = Scholefield | first= Guy | title = New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 | edition = 3rd | orig-year=First published in 1913 | year = 1950 |publisher = Govt. Printer |location = Wellington}}
*{{cite book |ref = harv |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |origyear=First published in 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher= V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc=154283103}}
*{{cite book |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |orig-year=First published in 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher=V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc=154283103}}


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Provinces of New Zealand}}
{{Provinces of New Zealand}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Provinces of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Provinces of New Zealand]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1853]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1853]]
Line 157: Line 205:
[[Category:History of the Auckland Region]]
[[Category:History of the Auckland Region]]
[[Category:1853 establishments in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1853 establishments in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Former subdivisions of the Auckland Region]]

Latest revision as of 05:07, 27 November 2024

For the current local government region of Auckland, see Auckland Region.

Auckland Province
Provinces of New Zealand
Auckland Province within New Zealand
Auckland Province within New Zealand
CountryNew Zealand
IslandNorth Island
Established1853
Abolished1876
Named forBaron Auckland
SeatAuckland

35°54′S 174°20′E / 35.900°S 174.333°E / -35.900; 174.333 The Auckland Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876.

Area

[edit]

The province covered roughly half of the North Island of New Zealand. It was the largest of the six initial provinces, both by area and population. The southern boundary was mostly along the 39th latitude, which was an arbitrary line, as the country's interior was little known by Europeans.[1] It was not subdivided during its existence;[1] the Taranaki Province (originally named New Plymouth Province)[2] was the only other that remained unchanged during its existence.

History

[edit]

The six original provinces were established in 1853. At that time, about 30,000 Europeans were living in New Zealand, a third of them in the Auckland Province. An estimated 70% of the Māori population was within the Auckland Province. Although the population of Otago Province (triggered by the Otago gold rush) and then also the Canterbury Province surpassed Auckland's, the northernmost area of the country became most populous again by 1901.[1]

The provincial system was abolished in 1876. Auckland Province was from then used as an administrative district by the Department of Lands and Survey, but the area was later subdivided into the North Auckland, South Auckland, and Gisborne land districts. The 39th latitude was subsequently replaced by boundaries that took landforms into account, and as a consequence, parts of the former Auckland Province are now in the Wellington and Hawke's Bay land districts, and part of the former Wellington Province is in the South Auckland Land District.[1]

Anniversary Day

[edit]

New Zealand law provides a public holiday for each province's anniversary day. Auckland Anniversary Day generally occurs in late January, on the Monday closest to 29 January, and is still observed throughout the historic province.

Auckland Provincial Council

[edit]

Auckland Provincial Council was the elected body of Auckland Province. From its second session onwards, the council used the General Assembly House for its meetings. It shared the use of this building with the New Zealand Parliament from 1854 until 1864 during the time that Auckland was the capital of New Zealand. From 1858, the province owned the building, but continued to make it available to parliament.[3]

Superintendents

[edit]

The Auckland Province had nine Superintendents:[4][5]

No. from to Superintendent
1 12 July 1853 5 January 1855 Robert Wynyard
2 15 March 1855 Nov 1855 William Brown
3 15 November 1855 17 September 1856 John Logan Campbell
4 11 November 1856 Dec 1862 John Williamson
5 11 December 1862 22 September 1865 Robert Graham
6 25 October 1865 2 March 1867 Frederick Whitaker
(4) 18 April 1867 Dec 1869 John Williamson (2nd time)
7 2 December 1869 Nov 1873 Thomas Gillies
(4) 20 November 1873 16 February 1875 John Williamson (3rd time)
8 Feb 1875 Mar 1875 Maurice O'Rorke
9 24 March 1875 1 January 1877 George Grey

Speakers

[edit]

The Provincial Council had three Speakers:[6]

No. from to Speaker
1 1853 1857 Thomas Bartley
2 1857 1865 William Powditch
3 1865 1876 Maurice O'Rorke

Members

[edit]

In 1853 the province had 6 electorates, with 24 members:[7]

For its last session of 1873–76, it had 43 members:[8]

Legislation

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Swan died on 15 March 1875
  2. ^ Davies replaced Swan in a by-election held on 5 April 1875

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d McLintock, A.H., ed. (22 April 2009) [First published in 1966]. "Auckland Province and Provincial Districts". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  2. ^ McLintock, A.H., ed. (22 April 2009) [First published in 1966]. "Taranaki: Province and Provincial Districts". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  3. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 314.
  4. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 179.
  5. ^ "Provinces 1848–77". Rulers.org. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
  6. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 180.
  7. ^ "Proclamation". Daily Southern Cross. Vol. X, no. 602. 5 April 1853. p. 3. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  8. ^ "The Provincial Council". Auckland Star. Vol. IV, no. 1206. 15 December 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2021.

References

[edit]
  • Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
[edit]
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