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{{Year dab|1982}}
{{About year|1982}}
{{Events by month|1982}}
{{Events by month|1982}}
[[File:1982 Events Collage.jpg|300x300px|thumb|Clockwise from top-left: the [[Syrian Arab Army]] and the [[Defense Companies]] [[1982 Hama massacre|besiege]] the city of [[Hama]], killing 350–400 civilians; the [[compact disc]] (CD) is introduced; during the filming of ''[[Twilight Zone: The Movie]]'', a [[Bell UH-1 Iroquois]] helicopter [[Twilight Zone accident|crashes]] at [[Indian Dunes]], killing actor [[Vic Morrow]] and child actors Myca Dinh Le and Renee Shin-Yi Chen; [[Steven Spielberg]] releases ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' which becomes the highest-grossing film of the decade; the [[1982 FIFA World Cup]] is held in [[Spain]] and is won by [[Italy]]; [[Michael Jackson]] releases his sixth studio album, ''[[Thriller (album)|Thriller]]'', which becomes the [[List of best-selling albums|best-selling album of all time]]; Israel [[1982 Lebanon War|invades]] Lebanon again; [[Argentina]] invades [[Falkland Islands]], which starts the [[Falklands War]].]]
{{Year nav|1982}}
{{Year nav|1982}}
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* [[January 13]] – [[Air Florida Flight 90]] crashes shortly after takeoff into the [[14th Street bridges|14th Street Bridge]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], United States, then falls into the [[Potomac River]], killing 78 people.<ref>[[Robert Trivers|Trivers, R. L.]] & [[Huey P. Newton|Newton, H. P.]] "The crash of flight 90: doomed by self-deception?" ''[[Science Digest]]'' (November 1982): pp.&nbsp;66–67, 111.</ref>
* [[January 13]] – [[Air Florida Flight 90]] crashes shortly after takeoff into the [[14th Street bridges|14th Street Bridge]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], United States, then falls into the [[Potomac River]], killing 78 people.<ref>[[Robert Trivers|Trivers, R. L.]] & [[Huey P. Newton|Newton, H. P.]] "The crash of flight 90: doomed by self-deception?" ''[[Science Digest]]'' (November 1982): pp.&nbsp;66–67, 111.</ref>
* [[January 18]] – [[1982 Thunderbirds Indian Springs Diamond Crash]]: Four [[Northrop T-38]] aircraft of the [[United States Air Force]] crash at [[Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field]], Nevada, killing all 4 pilots.
* [[January 18]] – [[1982 Thunderbirds Indian Springs Diamond Crash]]: Four [[Northrop T-38]] aircraft of the [[United States Air Force]] crash at [[Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field]], Nevada, killing all 4 pilots.
* [[January 26]]
* [[January 26]] – [[Mauno Koivisto]] is elected [[President of Finland]].
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* [[January 27]] – The government of [[Garret FitzGerald]] in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] is defeated 82–81 on its budget; the [[22nd Dáil]] is dissolved.
** [[Mauno Koivisto]] is elected [[President of Finland]].
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* [[January 30]] – The first [[computer virus]], the [[Elk Cloner]], written by 15-year old [[Rich Skrenta]], is found.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci989616,00.html|title=Elk Cloner|work=SearchSecurity |access-date=2012-01-28 |date=June 2004}}</ref> It infects [[Apple II]] computers via [[floppy disk]].
** [[Unemployment]] in the United Kingdom increases by 129,918 to 3,070,621, a post-war record number.
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* [[January 27]] – The [[Garret FitzGerald]] government of the [[Republic of Ireland]] is defeated 82–81 on its budget; the [[Members of the 22nd Dáil|22nd Dáil Éireann]] is dissolved.
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* [[January 30]] – The first [[computer virus]], the [[Elk Cloner]], written by 15-year old [[Rich Skrenta]], is found.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci989616,00.html|title=Elk Cloner|work=SearchSecurity |access-date=2012-01-28 |date=June 2004}}</ref> It infects [[Apple II series|Apple II]] computers via [[floppy disk]].


===February===
===February===
* [[February 1]] – [[Senegal]] and [[The Gambia]] form a loose [[Senegambia Confederation]].
* [[February 1]] – [[Senegal]] and [[The Gambia]] form a loose [[Senegambia Confederation]].
* [[February 2]] – The [[Hama massacre]] begins in [[Syria]].
* [[February 2]] – The [[1982 Hama massacre|Hama massacre]] begins in [[Syria]].
* [[February 3]] – [[Syria]]n president [[Hafez al-Assad]] orders the army to purge the city of [[Harran]] of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]].
* [[February 3]] – [[Syria]]n president [[Hafez al-Assad]] orders the army to purge the city of [[Harran]] of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]].
* [[February 5]] – London-based [[Laker Airways]] collapses, leaving 6,000 stranded passengers and debts of $270&nbsp;million.
* [[February 5]] – London-based [[Laker Airways]] collapses, leaving 6,000 stranded passengers and debts of $270&nbsp;million.
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* [[February 9]] – [[Japan Airlines Flight 350]] crashes in [[Tokyo Bay]] due to [[thrust reversal]] on approach to [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport]], killing 24 among the 174 people on board.
* [[February 9]] – [[Japan Airlines Flight 350]] crashes in [[Tokyo Bay]] due to [[thrust reversal]] on approach to [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport]], killing 24 among the 174 people on board.
* [[February 15]] – The [[oil platform]] ''[[Ocean Ranger]]'' sinks during a storm off the coast of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], killing all 84 rig workers aboard.
* [[February 15]] – The [[oil platform]] ''[[Ocean Ranger]]'' sinks during a storm off the coast of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], killing all 84 rig workers aboard.
* [[February 18]] – The [[February 1982 Irish general election|Republic of Ireland general election]] gives a boost to [[Fianna Fáil]].
* [[February 18]] – The [[February 1982 Irish general election|Ireland general election]] gives a boost to [[Fianna Fáil]].
* [[February 24]] – In South Africa, 22 [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] MPs, led by [[Andries Treurnicht]], vote for no confidence in [[P. W. Botha]].
* [[February 24]] – In South Africa, 22 [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] MPs, led by [[Andries Treurnicht]], vote for no confidence in [[P. W. Botha]].
* [[February 25]] – The [[European Court of Human Rights]] rules that teachers who cane, belt or tawse children against the wishes of their parents are in breach of the Human Rights Convention.<ref>{{cite book|title=Human Rights Law Journal: HRLJ.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AkYvAQAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=N.P. Engel|page=221}}</ref>
* [[February 25]] – The [[European Court of Human Rights]] rules that teachers who cane, belt or tawse children against the wishes of their parents are in breach of the Human Rights Convention.<ref>{{cite book|title=Human Rights Law Journal: HRLJ.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AkYvAQAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=N.P. Engel|page=221}}</ref>
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=== March ===
=== March ===
* [[March 2]] – [[Decentralisation in France]]: the Law of Decentralisation creates the administrative [[regions of France]] (''régions'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last=De Montricher|first=Nicole|date=July 1995|title=Decentralization in France|journal=Governance |volume=8|issue=3|pages=405–418|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00217.x}}</ref>
* [[March 2]] – [[Decentralisation in France]]: the Law of Decentralisation creates the administrative [[regions of France]] (''régions'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last=De Montricher|first=Nicole|date=July 1995|title=Decentralization in France|journal=Governance |volume=8|issue=3|pages=405–418|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00217.x}}</ref>
* [[March 9]] – [[Charles Haughey]] becomes [[Taoiseach]] of the [[Republic of Ireland]].
* [[March 9]] – [[Charles Haughey]] becomes [[Taoiseach]] of [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]].
* [[March 10]]
* [[March 10]]
** The United States places an [[embargo]] on [[Libya]]n [[petroleum|oil]] imports, alleging Libyan [[state-sponsored terrorism]].
** The United States places an [[embargo]] on [[Libya]]n [[petroleum|oil]] imports, alleging Libyan [[state-sponsored terrorism]].
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**The [[Los Angeles Lakers]] defeat the [[Philadelphia 76ers]] in six games to win the [[1982 NBA Finals]].
**The [[Los Angeles Lakers]] defeat the [[Philadelphia 76ers]] in six games to win the [[1982 NBA Finals]].
* [[June 11]] – ''[[E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial]]'' is released in the United States; this will become the biggest box-office hit for the next 11 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/greatfilmssummary.html|title=Top Films of All-Time|work=filmsite.org|access-date=2018-06-16}}</ref>
* [[June 11]] – ''[[E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial]]'' is released in the United States; this will become the biggest box-office hit for the next 11 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/greatfilmssummary.html|title=Top Films of All-Time|work=filmsite.org|access-date=2018-06-16}}</ref>
* [[June 12]] – The Nuclear Disarmament Rally, an event against [[nuclear weapon]] proliferation, draws 750,000 to New York City's [[Central Park]]. Performers included [[Jackson Browne]], [[James Taylor]], [[Bruce Springsteen]] and [[Linda Ronstadt]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Montgomery |first1=Paul L. |title=THRONGS FILL MANHATTAN TO PROTEST NUCLEAR WEAPONS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/13/world/throngs-fill-manhattan-to-protest-nuclear-weapons.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref> An international convocation at the [[Cathedral of St. John the Divine]] features prominent peace activists from around the world and afterward participants march on Fifth Avenue to Central Park for the rally.
* [[June 12]] – The Nuclear Disarmament Rally, an event against [[nuclear weapon]] proliferation, draws 750,000 to New York City's [[Central Park]]. Performers included [[Jackson Browne]], [[James Taylor]], [[Bruce Springsteen]] and [[Linda Ronstadt]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Montgomery |first1=Paul L. |title=THRONGS FILL MANHATTAN TO PROTEST NUCLEAR WEAPONS |work=The New York Times |date=June 13, 1982 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/13/world/throngs-fill-manhattan-to-protest-nuclear-weapons.html |access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref> An international convocation at the [[Cathedral of St. John the Divine]] features prominent peace activists from around the world and afterward participants march on Fifth Avenue to Central Park for the rally.
* [[June 13]]
* [[June 13]]
** The [[1982 FIFA World Cup]] begins in Spain.
** The [[1982 FIFA World Cup]] begins in Spain.
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* [[September 25]] – In Israel, 400,000 marchers demand the resignation of Prime Minister [[Menachem Begin]].
* [[September 25]] – In Israel, 400,000 marchers demand the resignation of Prime Minister [[Menachem Begin]].
* [[September 26]] – [[Thermal]]s take Australian parachutist Rich Collins up to {{convert|2800|m|ft}} during a jump; he almost blacks out due to lack of oxygen. He releases his main [[parachute]] to fall to a lower altitude and lands by his reserve parachute.<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of Meteorology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXMdAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Artetech International|page=284}}</ref>
* [[September 26]] – [[Thermal]]s take Australian parachutist Rich Collins up to {{convert|2800|m|ft}} during a jump; he almost blacks out due to lack of oxygen. He releases his main [[parachute]] to fall to a lower altitude and lands by his reserve parachute.<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of Meteorology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXMdAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Artetech International|page=284}}</ref>
* [[September 29]] The [[Chicago Tylenol murders]] occur when an unknown killer laces Tylenol with Potassium Cyanide that kills seven in Chicago, Illinois.
* [[September 29]] – [[Chicago Tylenol murders]]: an unknown killer laces [[Tylenol (brand)|Tylenol]] capsules with [[potassium cyanide]] that kills seven in Chicago, Illinois.


=== October ===
=== October ===
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* [[November 3]]
* [[November 3]]
** A gasoline (petrol) tanker explodes in the [[Salang Tunnel]] in [[Afghanistan]], killing at least 176 people.
** A gasoline (petrol) tanker explodes in the [[Salang Tunnel]] in [[Afghanistan]], killing at least 176 people.
** The [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] surges 43.41 points, or 4.25%, to close at 1,065.49, its first all-time high in more than 9 years.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marotta |first1=David John |title=Volker's Bear: The Bear Market Of 1982 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidmarotta/2017/10/11/volkers-bear-the-bear-market-of-1982/?sh=6335dc0e5a29 |website=Forbes |date=11 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Merrill |title=Dow Industrials Soar to a Record of 1,065.49 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1982/11/04/dow-industrials-soar-to-a-record-of-106549/7e04d522-a607-4104-ad06-0851c3bcea4b/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=4 November 1982}}</ref>
** The [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] surges 43.41 points, or 4.25%, to close at 1,065.49, its first all-time high in more than 9 years.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marotta |first1=David John |title=Volker's Bear: The Bear Market Of 1982 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidmarotta/2017/10/11/volkers-bear-the-bear-market-of-1982/?sh=6335dc0e5a29 |website=Forbes |date=11 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Merrill |title=Dow Industrials Soar to a Record of 1,065.49 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1982/11/04/dow-industrials-soar-to-a-record-of-106549/7e04d522-a607-4104-ad06-0851c3bcea4b/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=4 November 1982}}</ref>
* [[November 6]] – [[Cameroon]] president [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]] resigns, replaced by [[Paul Biya]] who has ruled Cameroon ever since.
* [[November 6]] – [[Cameroon]] president [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]] resigns, replaced by [[Paul Biya]] who rules the country for more than 40 years.
* [[November 8]] – [[Kenan Evren]] becomes the seventh president of [[Turkey]] as a result of the constitution referendum. His former title was "head of state".
* [[November 8]] – [[Kenan Evren]] becomes the seventh president of [[Turkey]] as a result of the constitution referendum. His former title was "head of state".
* [[November 11]] – In [[Lebanon]], the first [[Tyre headquarters bombings|Tyre headquarters bombing]] kills between 89 and 102 people.
* [[November 11]] – In [[Lebanon]], the first [[Tyre headquarters bombings|Tyre headquarters bombing]] kills between 89 and 102 people.

Latest revision as of 09:46, 27 November 2024

This article is about the year 1982. For other uses, see 1982 (disambiguation).
Clockwise from top-left: the Syrian Arab Army and the Defense Companies besiege the city of Hama, killing 350–400 civilians; the compact disc (CD) is introduced; during the filming of Twilight Zone: The Movie, a Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter crashes at Indian Dunes, killing actor Vic Morrow and child actors Myca Dinh Le and Renee Shin-Yi Chen; Steven Spielberg releases E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial which becomes the highest-grossing film of the decade; the 1982 FIFA World Cup is held in Spain and is won by Italy; Michael Jackson releases his sixth studio album, Thriller, which becomes the best-selling album of all time; Israel invades Lebanon again; Argentina invades Falkland Islands, which starts the Falklands War.
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1982 by topic
Subject
By country
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Works category
1982 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1982
MCMLXXXII
Ab urbe condita2735
Armenian calendar1431
ԹՎ ՌՆԼԱ
Assyrian calendar6732
Baháʼí calendar138–139
Balinese saka calendar1903–1904
Bengali calendar1389
Berber calendar2932
British Regnal year30 Eliz. 2 – 31 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2526
Burmese calendar1344
Byzantine calendar7490–7491
Chinese calendar辛酉年 (Metal Rooster)
4679 or 4472
    — to —
壬戌年 (Water Dog)
4680 or 4473
Coptic calendar1698–1699
Discordian calendar3148
Ethiopian calendar1974–1975
Hebrew calendar5742–5743
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2038–2039
 - Shaka Samvat1903–1904
 - Kali Yuga5082–5083
Holocene calendar11982
Igbo calendar982–983
Iranian calendar1360–1361
Islamic calendar1402–1403
Japanese calendarShōwa 57
(昭和５７年)
Javanese calendar1914–1915
Juche calendar71
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4315
Minguo calendarROC 71
民國71年
Nanakshahi calendar514
Thai solar calendar2525
Tibetan calendar阴金鸡年
(female Iron-Rooster)
2108 or 1727 or 955
    — to —
阳水狗年
(male Water-Dog)
2109 or 1728 or 956
Unix time378691200 – 410227199
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1982.

1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1982nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 982nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 82nd year of the 20th century, and the 3rd year of the 1980s decade.

Events

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January

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February

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March

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April

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May

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Main article: May 1982

June

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July

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August

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Helsinki Metro train in 1982

September

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October

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November

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December

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Date unknown

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Births and deaths

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Main pages: Category:1982 births and Deaths in 1982

Nobel Prizes

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Fields Medal

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References

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  1. ^ Trivers, R. L. & Newton, H. P. "The crash of flight 90: doomed by self-deception?" Science Digest (November 1982): pp. 66–67, 111.
  2. ^ "Elk Cloner". SearchSecurity. June 2004. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
  3. ^ Human Rights Law Journal: HRLJ. N.P. Engel. 1982. p. 221.
  4. ^ De Montricher, Nicole (July 1995). "Decentralization in France". Governance. 8 (3): 405–418. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00217.x.
  5. ^ The Jupiter Effect.
  6. ^ Noguchi, Thomas T. (1985). Coroner at Large. Simon and Schuster. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-671-54462-1.
  7. ^ "1982: Judge halts 'obscenity' trial". BBC News. March 18, 1982. Retrieved November 30, 2007.
  8. ^ Brenton, Howard (January 28, 2006). "Look back in anger". The Guardian. London. Retrieved November 30, 2007.
  9. ^ U.S. Library of Congress. "Bangladesh - THE ERSHAD PERIOD". Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  10. ^ Moreno, Isidoro J Ruiz (1987). Comandos en acción (in Spanish). Emecé editores. p. 21.
  11. ^ Freedman, Lawrence (2005). The Official History of the Falklands Campaign: The origins of the Falklands war. Routledge. pp. 13–14. ISBN 0-7146-5206-7.
  12. ^ Keith Sullivan (January 1, 1998). Education and Change in the Pacific Rim: meeting the challenges. Symposium Books Ltd. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-1-873927-33-5.
  13. ^ Kurt Pätzold; Manfred Weissbecker (2002). Schlagwörter und Schlachtrufe: aus zwei Jahrhunderten deutscher Geschichte (in German). Militzke. p. 136. ISBN 978-3-86189-270-0.
  14. ^ J.B.A Bailey (September 2, 2003). Field Artillery And Fire Power. Routledge. p. 149. ISBN 1-135-47811-2.
  15. ^ The Illustrated Weekly of India. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1985. p. 14.
  16. ^ East Tennessee Historical Society (2002). "20th Anniversary of the 1982 World's Fair". The Knoxville News-Sentinel Co. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  17. ^ "20th Anniversary of the 1982 World's Fair". History. The Knoxville News-Sentinel Co. 2002. Archived from the original on December 5, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  18. ^ Wheeler, W Bruce (March 1, 2018). "Knoxville World's Fair of 1982". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Tennessee Historical Society. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d e "20th Anniversary of the 1982 World's Fair". Timeline. The Knoxville News-Sentinel Co. 2002. Archived from the original on January 1, 2010. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  20. ^ a b c Golowanow, Łukasz (May 4, 2012). "Pocisk, który nie wybuchł – czyli zatopienie HMS Sheffield" [The missile that did not explode – the sinking of HMS Sheffield]. Konflikty.pl (in Polish). Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  21. ^ Weatherboy Team Meteorologist (May 2, 2020). "Weather Channel Celebrates 38th Birthday". Weatherboy. Isarithm LLC. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  22. ^ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 4 | 1982: Argentines destroy HMS Sheffield". BBC. 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  23. ^ "The horrifying crash that snapped the life from race..." United Press International, Inc. May 9, 1982. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  24. ^ "Pope John Paul 'wounded' in 1982". Europe. BBC News. October 16, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  25. ^ Diamond, Dan, ed. (2008). "This Date in Stanley Cup History". Total Stanley Cup: 2008 Playoff Media Guide (PDF). Dan Diamond and Associates, Inc. p. 95. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 26, 2009. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  26. ^ "The SAS vs The Exocets". Elite UK Forces. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  27. ^ Finlan, Alastair (October 16, 2009). Special Forces, Strategy and the War on Terror: Warfare By Other Means. Routledge. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-134-18043-1. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  28. ^ "Report of the Board of Inquiry Into the Loss of HMS Ardent" (PDF). August 6, 1982. pp. 3–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  29. ^ "HMS Ardent Association". Archived from the original on April 7, 2005. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  30. ^ "LOSS OF HMS ANTELOPE - BOARD OF INQUIRY" (PDF). August 11, 1982. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  31. ^ "Iran celebrates anniversary of liberating Khorramshahr". Alalam News Network. May 24, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  32. ^ Temko, Ned (December 30, 1982). "From Brezhnev to Andropov: why the transition has been so smooth". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  33. ^ Burke, Damien. "25th May 1982". HMS Coventry D118. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  34. ^ "Board of Inquiry (REPORT): Loss of SS Atlantic Conveyor" (PDF). July 21, 1982. pp. 1 - 5-2 - 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 12, 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  35. ^ Roberts, Maj. Brice (2016). Mission Command During the Falklands War: Opportunities and Limitations (PDF) (Report). Defense Technical Information Center. pp. 27–31. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  36. ^ Howard Morley Sachar (1988). A History of Israel: Volume II: from the Aftermath of the Yom Kippur War. Oxford University Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-19-504623-6.
  37. ^ "Top Films of All-Time". filmsite.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  38. ^ Montgomery, Paul L. (June 13, 1982). "THRONGS FILL MANHATTAN TO PROTEST NUCLEAR WEAPONS". The New York Times. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  39. ^ Kerri McCaffety; Lynn Powers (1999). Obituary Cocktail: The Great Saloons of New Orleans. Winter Books. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-9653145-9-6.
  40. ^ Tapio Tolmunen (2002). Mutkatonta matkaa vuodesta 1982. Raka spår från år 1982 (in Finnish). Helsinki: Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos. pp. 43–44. ISBN 951-8926-84-0.
  41. ^ "Helsinki City Transport - About HKL - History - A brief history of the metro". Helsinki City Transport. March 19, 2012. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
  42. ^ Clarence Tsui, South China Morning Post, 12/12/99, "From ads to ashes." (Archive)
  43. ^ Journal of Meteorology. Artetech International. 2002. p. 284.
  44. ^ Michael Curtis (1993). Introduction to Comparative Government. HarperCollins College Publishers. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-06-500552-3.
  45. ^ Margaret Rule; Mary Rose Trust (1993). The Mary Rose: A Guide to the Exhibition and Ship. Mary Rose Trust. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-9511747-2-2.
  46. ^ Marotta, David John (October 11, 2017). "Volker's Bear: The Bear Market Of 1982". Forbes.
  47. ^ Brown, Merrill (November 4, 1982). "Dow Industrials Soar to a Record of 1,065.49". The Washington Post.
  48. ^ Radio Free Europe Research. Radio Free Europe. 1983. p. 3.
  49. ^ "1982 – Edmonton Eskimos 32, Toronto Argonauts 16". Archived from the original on December 31, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  50. ^ "Bombs Rock I.B.M. Building And Airline Office". The New York Times. December 17, 1982.
  51. ^ "Terrorist Claim Bombing of IBM Building". Schenectady Gazette. March 21, 1984.
  52. ^ China Trade News. National Council for US-China Trade. 1983. p. 10.
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