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Coordinates: 54°33′27″N 5°58′14″W / 54.55752°N 5.970507°W / 54.55752; -5.970507
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{{Notability|Geography|date=September 2010}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2010}}
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{{Infobox UK place
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name = Taughmonagh
| official_name = Taughmonagh
| irish_name =
| irish_name =
| map_type =
| map_type =
| coordinates = {{coord|54.55752|-5.970507|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|54.55752|-5.970507|display=inline,title}}
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| population = <!--| population_ref = <small>([[United Kingdom Census 2001|UK 2001 Census]])</small>-->
| population =
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| irish_grid_reference =
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<!--| population_ref = <small>([[United Kingdom Census 2001|UK 2001 Census]])</small>-->
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| unitary_northern_ireland = [[Belfast City Council]]
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| irish_grid_reference =
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| country = Northern Ireland
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| unitary_northern_ireland = [[Belfast City Council]]
| post_town = [[BELFAST]]
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| country = Northern Ireland
| postcode_area = BT
| post_town =
| postcode_area = BT9
| postcode_district = BT9
| dial_code = 028
| postcode_district =
| constituency_westminster = [[Belfast South (UK Parliament constituency)|Belfast South]]
| dial_code =
| constituency_westminster =
| lieutenancy_northern_ireland = [[County Antrim]]
| lieutenancy_northern_ireland = [[County Antrim]]
| website =
| website =
| static_image =
| static_image = Welcome to Taughmonagh, Belfast - geograph.org.uk - 1424127.jpg
| static_image_caption = Welcome to Taughmonagh, Belfast - A welcome sign and floral display near the entrance to the Taughmonagh estate, at The Dub, on the Upper Malone Road.
| static_image_caption =
| hide_services = Yes
| constituency_ni_assembly = [[Belfast South (Assembly constituency)|Belfast South]]
}}
}}
'''Taughmonagh''' ({{etymology|ga|Tuath Monach|tribe of Monaigh}})<ref>[http://www.ultach.dsl.pipex.com/ForLearners/The%20Gaelic%20Placenames%20of%20Belfast1.pdf The Gaelic Placenames of Belfast]. [[ULTACH Trust]].</ref> is a small [[housing estate]] in south west [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]], within the civil parishes of Drumbeg and Shankill, and barony of [[Belfast Upper]]. When the area was first built, the houses consisted of very basic, small, prefabricated aluminium [[bungalow]]s, with the estate nicknamed "Tin Town".<ref>[[Glenn Patterson]], [http://www.belfastexposed.org/themedpackages/index.php?id=3&sid=120&pid=51 Accommodation and Apartmentality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020180731/http://www.belfastexposed.org/themedpackages/index.php?id=3 |date=20 October 2006 }}</ref> The area was regenerated and there are now about 600 houses. These houses were historically owned by the [[Northern Ireland Housing Executive]], but within recent years many of the residents have bought their houses from the executive, increasing the proportion of private ownership.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
'''Taughmonagh''' ({{etymology|ga|Tuath Monach|tribe of Monaigh}})<ref>[http://www.ultach.dsl.pipex.com/ForLearners/The%20Gaelic%20Placenames%20of%20Belfast1.pdf The Gaelic Placenames of Belfast]. [[ULTACH Trust]].</ref> is a small [[housing estate]] in south west [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]], within the civil parishes of [[Drumbeg, County Down|Drumbeg]] and Shankill, and barony of [[Belfast Upper]]. Taughmonagh has become known for being a staunchly loyalist estate.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Building Peace in Northern Ireland |publisher=Liverpool University Press |year=2011 |isbn=9781846316593 |editor-last=Power |editor-first=Maria |page=142 |chapter=Loyalism and Peacebuilding in the 2000s |doi=10.5949/UPO9781846316739.008 |quote=Dealings with the Loyalists in January 2007 were all hush hush but it was considered that quite possibly by the time of Tony's proposed visit in October 2007, things would have moved on sufficiently to contemplate a gathering at Taughmonagh Social Club to which Republicans could be invited (Taughmonagh is a large Loyalist housing estate).}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-18 |title=UDA flag erected at entrance to south Belfast primary school |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/2018/06/18/news/uda-flag-erected-at-entrance-to-south-belfast-primary-school-1358181/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240428182221/https://www.irishnews.com/news/2018/06/18/news/uda-flag-erected-at-entrance-to-south-belfast-primary-school-1358181/ |archive-date=2024-04-28 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=The Irish News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-12-20 |title=Bomb attack on loyalist leader |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/2590181.stm |access-date=2024-04-28 |language=en-GB |quote=They are also looking into reports of a suspicious object on the roof of a social club in the loyalist Taughmonagh estate in south Belfast.}}</ref>


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== Local amenities ==
Taughmonagh is a stonch loyalist estate. It's based in South-West Belfast.


Taughmonagh is situated between the [[Malone Road|Upper Malone Road]] and [[Lisburn Road]]. On the Upper Malone Road, the residents can make use of various shops and amenities at the Dubs Stores.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-07-10 |title=BBC News {{!}} NORTHERN IRELAND {{!}} Sites of Orange protests |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/827560.stm |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=news.bbc.co.uk |quote=Protesters also blocked roads at Finaghy Crossroads, Blacks Road, Seymour Hill in Dunmurry at Rowan Drive, Dunmurry at Glenburn Rd and Crossroads, '''Dubs Stores at Upper Malone Road''', Queensway and Kingsway, Annadale embankment and the Milltown Road at Shaws Bridge.}}</ref> Towards the Lisburn Road, the many amenities include a petrol station, [[Take-out|take-aways]] and further shops and restaurants in the neighbouring [[Finaghy]] area. Within Taughmonagh, there is a small convenience store which is often referred to as "the wee shop". In September 2007, a new [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] church (Rev Arnold Frank Memorial Presbyterian Church) was completed, replacing the previous church which was built in 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-09-10 |title=The Rev Arnold Frank Memorial Presbyterian Church {{!}} Lisburn.com |url=https://lisburn.com/archives/churches/church-news-2007/new-church-building-in-taughmonagh.htm |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=lisburn.com}}</ref>
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<u><code>Local amenities</code></u>


The main community group is Taughmonagh Community Forum formed in 1996 which supports a Family Learning Centre, a Community Resource Centre and operates a day nursery called "Scribbles".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh Community Forum |url=https://www.taughmonagh.co.uk/ABOUT-US.php |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.taughmonagh.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh Community Forum - Scribbles |url=https://www.taughmonagh.co.uk/Scribbles.php |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.taughmonagh.co.uk}}</ref> The Community Forum also operates a number of inter-community and cross-community projects including links with neighbouring Benmore and Annadale through the Live and Learn Open Doors Project,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live and Learn Open Doors Project |url=https://www.communityni.org/organisation/live-and-learn-open-doors-project |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=communityni.org}}</ref> and cross-border links with [[Manorhamilton]], [[County Leitrim]] in the [[Republic of Ireland]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2009-06-24 |title=Historic Belfast visit by local group |url=https://www.independent.ie/news/historic-belfast-visit-by-local-group/27565101.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The Irish Independent}}</ref>
Taughmonagh is situated between the Upper Malone Road and <nowiki>[[Lisburn Road]]</nowiki>. On the Upper Malone Road, the residents can make use of various shops and amenities at the Dubs Stores. Towards the Lisburn Road, the many amenities include a petrol station, Chinese take-aways and further shops and restaurants in the neighbouring Finaghy area. Within Taughmonagh, there is a small convenience store and a Presbyterian church which was completed in 2007.


The Taughmonagh Youth Club<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh Youth Club |url=https://www.eani.org.uk/taughmonagh-youth-club |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Education Authority Northern Ireland|date=21 October 2018 }}</ref> is available for those from Primary Three (aged 6/7) up to 14th year secondary (aged 17/18) and is open two nights of the week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh Youth Club- Volunteers |url=https://www.facebook.com/taughyyouthclub/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en |quote=Taughmonagh youth is open Monday and Tuesday evenings for P3 up to year 14}}</ref> The area also contains a small children's park, which has recently been renovated with an enclosed football/basketball area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh MUGA |url=https://www.belfastcity.gov.uk/things-to-do/outdoor-leisure-activities/sports-pitches-and-facilities/taughmonagh-muga |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Belfast City Council |language=en}}</ref>


The estate has its own social club which is used by the community and also serves meals. The social club was in the media in 2005 with a visit from then-[[President of Ireland|Irish President]], [[Mary McAleese]], visiting the loyalist estate.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=O'Dornan |first=David |date=2020-09-26 |title=The UDA and me: Mary McAleese on an unlikely bond with Jackie McDonald and how loyalist godfathers feared they'd be bombed on way to Dublin peace talks |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sunday-life/news/the-uda-and-me-mary-mcaleese-on-an-unlikely-bond-with-jackie-mcdonald-and-how-loyalist-godfathers-feared-theyd-be-bombed-on-way-to-dublin-peace-talks/39564563.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240428184251/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sunday-life/news/the-uda-and-me-mary-mcaleese-on-an-unlikely-bond-with-jackie-mcdonald-and-how-loyalist-godfathers-feared-theyd-be-bombed-on-way-to-dublin-peace-talks/39564563.html |archive-date=2024-04-28 |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235 |quote=}}</ref> In June 2009, this trend of opening tours to visitors from the Republic of Ireland continued with a visit from a group from Manorhamilton as part of a cross-border initiative.<ref name=":1" />
The main community group is Taughmonagh Community Forum formed in 1996 which supports a Family Learning Centre, a Community Resource Centre and operates a day nursery called "Scribbles". The Community Forum also operates a number of inter-community and cross-community projects including links with neighbouring Benmore and Annadale through the Live and Learn Open Doors Project, and cross-border links with Manorhamilton in County Leitrim in the Republic of Ireland.


There is a small Community Gym,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh Community Forum |url=https://www.taughmonagh.co.uk/gym.php |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.taughmonagh.co.uk}}</ref> which was refurbished at the end of 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-13 |title=Cllr Geraldine McAteer. on X: "Delighted to be invited to Taughmonagh Enterprise Centre today by local community forum. Amazing new social enterprises include gym & childcare. Big success for SIF & City Council local investment fund" |url=https://twitter.com/CllrGMcAteer/status/1073226699452620803 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=X.com}}</ref>
The Taughmonagh Youth Club is used by people aged seven to twenty-five. Here, children and adults can interact with each other and with members of other youth clubs. The area also contains a small children's park, which has recently been renovated with a football/basketball area enclosed by a cage for the safety of surrounding roads and houses. The estate has its own social club which is used by the community and also serves meals. The club's premises can be booked for events such as birthdays, weddings etc.


== Sports ==
There is a new small local chippy called Nellie’s Nibbles it’s located in the club car park, it is open every Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday (morning and night) and Sunday morning. The chippy first opened in November 10th 2020
There is also many football supporters clubs in Taughmonagh, such as the Taughmonagh [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] supporters club,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh Rangers Supporters Club -South Belfast |url=https://www.facebook.com/login/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref> the [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] supporters club,<ref>{{Cite web |title=TaughmonaghMUSC (@TaughmonaghMUSC) |url=https://twitter.com/TaughmonaghMUSC |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=X.com}}</ref> the [[Northern Ireland national football team|Northern Ireland]] football supporters club and the [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] supporters club. These clubs go to their respective football matches.


Taughmonagh Young Men F.C. play in the [[Northern Amateur Football League|Northern Amateur League]] 2B division.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Amateur Football League :: Tables |url=https://www.thenafl.co.uk/tables/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.thenafl.co.uk}}</ref> A notable game was their February 2023 match against premier division team, [[Immaculata F.C.]], in which they were heavily defeated 10–2, and subsequently crashed out of the Clarence Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-01 |title=Immaculata Football Club on X: "Taughmonagh YM vs Immaculata - Clarence Cup 3rd Round - 28th January 2023" |url=https://twitter.com/Immaculatafc/status/1620851474376069122 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=X.com}}</ref>
== There is a new small Community Gym finished construction in 2019 it has a weights room (up the stairs), cardio sweet (down the stairs), a nail bar upstairs, a hall (up the stairs), changing rooms (up the stairs) and beside it there is a extension to scribbles. ==


== Education ==
== Education ==
A small [[Education in Northern Ireland|controlled]]-primary school, Taughmonagh Primary School, is in the Findon Gardens area of Taughmonagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh PS [Belfast] |url=https://www.eani.org.uk/parents/types-of-school/school-type/primary/taughmonagh-ps-belfast |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Education Authority Northern Ireland|date=12 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh Primary School |url=https://www.csscni.org.uk/node/1070 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Controlled Schools Support Council}}</ref> There were approximately over 262 pupils enrolled in the school as of 2018/2019.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=Primary Inspection (Involving Action Short of Strike) - Taughmonagh Primary School and Nursery Unit, Belfast 101-0301 |url=https://www.etini.gov.uk/sites/etini.gov.uk/files/publications/asos-primary-inspection-taughmonagh-primary-school-and-nursery-unit-belfast-101-0301.pdf |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=The Education and Training Inspectorate}}</ref> Its pupils are predominantly [[Protestantism|Protestant]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Torney |first=Kathryn |date=2012-11-23 |title=The religious divide in Northern Ireland's schools |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/nov/24/religious-divide-northern-ireland-schools |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The Detail |via=The Guardian}}</ref> The campus also features a nursery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taughmonagh PS NU [Belfast] |url=https://www.eani.org.uk/parents/types-of-school/school-type/pre-school/taughmonagh-ps-nu-belfast |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Education Authority Northern Ireland|date=12 December 2019 }}</ref>
A small school, Taughmonagh Primary School, is currently under construction in the Findon Gardens area of Taughmonagh. Approximately over 100 pupils attend the school.Mostly Protestants.{{cn|date=June 2017}} Classes are held in temporary classrooms on the site; the campus also features a nursery.


Nearby on Upper Malone Road is the Fleming Fulton School for children with physical disabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Special Inspection Fleming Fulton School, Belfast |url=https://www.etini.gov.uk/sites/etini.gov.uk/files/publications/%5Bcurrent-domain%3Amachine-name%5D/special-inspection-fleming-fulton-school-belfast.pdf |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Education and Training Inspectorate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fleming Fulton School |url=https://www.eani.org.uk/parents/types-of-school/school-type/special-school/fleming-fulton-school-0 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Education Authority Northern Ireland|date=12 December 2019 }}</ref>
Nearby on Upper Malone Road is the [[Fleming Fulton School]] for children with physical disabilities.


== Transport ==
== Transport ==
The area is serviced by the 9B/9C [[Metro (Belfast)|Metro]] bus, which travels to and from Belfast city centre via Finnis Drive and Lisburn Road,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables (9B) |url=https://www.translink.co.uk/timetables?routeHashCode=052d968b583c6ac6cbd3df0893b63c7c9317bed472d3fa450603c728d5ed2ecb&transportMode=Bus&route=T0&direction=H |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables (9C) |url=https://www.translink.co.uk/timetables?routeHashCode=efea3485faf99d953e55ee3b4e03d801b9462e130a5b2985ec98fdaa007505f5&transportMode=Bus&route=T0&direction=H |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]}}</ref> and by the 8A (City Centre-[[Stranmillis]]-Malone),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables (8A) |url=https://www.translink.co.uk/timetables?routeHashCode=035db0ea7f8dffd36e0246facaa1ecc712bc77de19b0106c3ae630ea79c978e3&transportMode=Bus&route=T0&direction=H |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]}}</ref> 8B (City Centre-Malone),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables (8B) |url=https://www.translink.co.uk/timetables?routeHashCode=67405899baa7c8d5babd581b1ef0dea4b5e8a30da46ee2950b51e1e1b4a5a75b&transportMode=Bus&route=T0&direction=H |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]}}</ref> 8C/8D (City Centre-Malone-[[Blacks Road|Ladybrook]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables (8C) |url=https://www.translink.co.uk/timetables?routeHashCode=d04eb043672aa60957c4acb281550c3447ae3a52ebc9eac2b61fb99dc7421da6&transportMode=Bus&route=T0&direction=H |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables (8D) |url=https://www.translink.co.uk/timetables?routeHashCode=8465e3335dbc2bf0a28f532e7c4f74163499d49d804ed1aa55fb9f7730ca3d38&transportMode=Bus&route=T0&direction=H |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]}}</ref> routes, which all have stops at nearby Dub Lane on Upper Malone Road.
The area is serviced by the 9B/9C [[Metro (Belfast)|Metro]] bus, which travels to and from Belfast city centre via Finnis Drive and Lisburn Road, and by the 8A/8B/8C, which stops at nearby Dub Lane on Upper Malone Road.<ref>{{cite web| title=Metro Timetables| publisher=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]| url=http://www.translink.co.uk/Metro/Metro-Timetables/| accessdate=27 September 2010}}</ref> The nearest train stations are at [[Finaghy railway station|Finaghy]], or at [[Balmoral railway station|Balmoral]] opposite the [[King's Hall, Belfast|King's Hall]]. Both of these stations lie on [[NI Railways]] Route 1, Newry–Portadown–Lisburn–Belfast–Bangor.<ref>{{cite web| title=NI Railways Timetables| publisher=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]| url=http://www.translink.co.uk/Timetables/NI-Railways-Timetables/| accessdate=27 September 2010}}</ref>


The nearest train stations are at [[Finaghy railway station|Finaghy]] and [[Balmoral railway station|Balmoral]] (opposite the [[King's Hall, Belfast|King's Hall]]). Both of these stations lie on [[NI Railways]]' [[Portadown]]–[[Bangor, County Down|Bangor]] line.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables (Bangor Portadown Line) |url=https://www.translink.co.uk/timetables?routeHashCode=553494ffc4be8245063cd5da0dc8e04dd7ac9d7d5c332bd925ebc84d95f2ea0d&transportMode=Train&route=T0&direction=H |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]}}</ref>
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== Fold Housing Trust ==

The Fold Housing Trust, a non-profit organisation dedicated to helping elderly and disabled people within the community, manages some properties in Taughmonagh. The trust offers practical assistance and support to repair, adapt or improve homes across Northern Ireland.
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== Housing ==
When the area was first built, the houses consisted of very basic, small, [[Prefabricated home|prefabricated]] aluminium [[bungalow]]s, with the estate nicknamed "Tin Town".<ref>[[Glenn Patterson]], [http://www.belfastexposed.org/themedpackages/index.php?id=3&sid=120&pid=51 Accommodation and Apartmentality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020180731/http://www.belfastexposed.org/themedpackages/index.php?id=3|date=20 October 2006}}</ref> The area was regenerated and there are now about 600 houses. These houses were historically owned by the [[Northern Ireland Housing Executive]], with 94% of houses in the area being publicly rented and only 4% being owner-occupied in 2001,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=Mapping Segregation in Northern Ireland - Northern Ireland Housing Executive Estates in Belfast 2001 |url=https://www.nihe.gov.uk/getattachment/2c0509a7-e967-478c-8a19-cb7da1aea428/Belfast-estates-based-on-2001-analysis.pdf |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Northern Ireland Housing Executive |pages=1, 51}}</ref> but as of 2011 many of the residents have bought their houses from the executive via the [[Right to Buy|'right-to-buy']] initiative<ref name=":3" /> resulting in public housing dropping to 54.87% and the proportion of residents owning their home rising to 32.3%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-01 |title=Mapping Segregation in Northern Ireland - Housing Executive Estates in Belfast 2011 |url=https://www.nihe.gov.uk/getattachment/427a248a-6498-4405-a0af-62f2383f1f86/Belfast-estates-2011-analysis.pdf |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Northern Ireland Housing Executive |page=23}}</ref>

Radius Housing, a non-profit organisation dedicated to providing housing, care and support to elderly and disabled people within the community,<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Radius Housing {{!}} Radius Housing |url=https://www.radiushousing.org/radius-housing/about-radius-housing |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Radius Housing}}</ref> it also manages some properties in Taughmonagh. It offers practical assistance and support to repair, adapt or improve homes across Northern Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home adaptations {{!}} Radius Housing |url=https://www.radiushousing.org/care-and-support/support/home-adaptations |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Radius Housing}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Floating Support Service {{!}} Radius Housing |url=https://www.radiushousing.org/care-and-support/support/floating-support-service |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Radius Housing}}</ref> Prior to merging in 2017, the Fold Housing Trust carried out this role in the community.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2017 |title=radius-news-spring-2017.pdf |url=https://www.radiushousing.org/assets/documents/radius-news-spring-2017.pdf |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Radius Housing |page=1}}</ref>


== Paramilitary activity ==
== Paramilitary activity ==
A predominantly [[Ulster loyalism|loyalist]] area, Taughmonagh has for a number of years been a stronghold of the [[Ulster Defence Association]] (UDA) with two of the organisation's South Belfast Brigadiers, [[Alex Kerr (loyalist)|Alex Kerr]] and incumbent [[Jackie McDonald]], based on the estate.<ref>David Lister & Hugh Jordan, ''Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and 'C' Company'', Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2004, p. 127</ref> In 1991 the group was responsible for shooting dead Catholic taxi driver Harry Conlon, who was abducted after going to a bogus taxi call at the Devenish bar on Finaghy Road North and forced to drive into Taughmonagh.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McKittrick|first1=David|title=Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles|date=2001|publisher=Random House}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nuzhound.com/articles/irish_news/arts2007/apr13_guilty_plea_loyalists_double_life_kept_secret.php|title=Newshound: Daily Northern Ireland news catalog - Irish News article}}</ref> In 2002 and 2003, during a feud between the UDA's West Belfast Brigade, led by [[Johnny Adair]], and the rest of the UDA,
A predominantly [[Ulster loyalism|loyalist]] area, Taughmonagh has for a number of years been a stronghold of the [[Ulster Defence Association]] (UDA) with two of the organisation's [[UDA South Belfast Brigade|South Belfast Brigadiers]], [[Alex Kerr (loyalist)|Alex Kerr]] and incumbent [[Jackie McDonald]], based in the estate.<ref name=":4">David Lister & Hugh Jordan, ''Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and 'C' Company'', Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2004, pp. 127, 318-139</ref><ref name=":2" /> McDonald assumed control of the UDA's South Belfast Brigade following the assassination of [[John McMichael]] by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]] in 1987. In less than a year. however, he was replaced within the organisation by Kerr after he was arrested for running extortion rackets.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last1=McDonald |first1=Henry |title=UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror |last2=Cusack |first2=Jim |publisher=Penguin Ireland |year=2004 |location=Dublin |pages=160, 278, 290–291}}</ref> With Kerr being on good terms with the UDA's [[UDA West Belfast Brigade|West Belfast Brigade]] leader, Johnny Adair, Kerr permitted use of Taughmonagh to launch an attack on the Finaghy Road North home of a suspected Provisional IRA Commander, [[Brian Gillen]]. The attack never took place however, as the West Belfast Brigade were promptly arrested by the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary|RUC]] following their departure from the [[Shankill Road|Shankill]] on route to Taughmonagh.<ref name=":4" /> Following his release in 1994, McDonald resumed control of the brigade after Kerr defected to [[Billy Wright (loyalist)|Billy Wright]]'s [[Loyalist Volunteer Force|LVF]]. Kerr had become disillusioned with the UDA's alignment with the [[Ulster Volunteer Force|UVF]], [[Ulster Democratic Party|UDP]] and [[Progressive Unionist Party|PUP]], and had created tension by attacking the UVF in [[Donegall Road|the village]] with slanderous graffiti and giving interviews denouncing the peace process and encouraging a new strategy opposed to peace.<ref name=":5" /> McDonald was left to diffuse a potential loyalist feud with the UVF.

the Taughmonagh UDA deployed an air-raid siren which would be set off if "foreign" cars entered the estate.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McDonald & Cusack|first1=Henry & Jim|title=UDA: Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror|date=2005|publisher=Penguin|page=375}}</ref> Activities by the UDA on the estate included an alleged drug dealer being the victim of a [[tarring and feathering]] attack in 2007.<ref>{{cite web| title=Tar and feather attack 'barbaric'| publisher=[[BBC News]]| date=28 August 2007| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/6966493.stm| accessdate=27 September 2010}}</ref>
On 14 October 1991, the group was responsible for shooting dead Catholic taxi driver, Harry Conlon. Members had made a bogus call to STS taxis in [[Andersonstown]] requesting a taxi from the Devenish Arms Inn on Finaghy Road North to the Errigle Inn on the [[Ormeau Road]]. After picking them up, he was abducted at gunpoint and forced to drive into Taughmonagh. Later, at 10:17pm, he was found shot dead in his taxi on Finnis Drive. The UDA/UFF then telephoned the [[BBC]] and claimed responsibility for the murder.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-08 |title=Investigation Into Police Handling Of Loyalist Paramilitary Murders And Attempted Murders In South Belfast In The Period 1990-1998 |url=https://www.policeombudsman.org/PONI/files/5c/5ce315c0-ca34-45c3-9dcc-7f4c2d2c4658.pdf |website=Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland |page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=McKittrick |first1=David |title=Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles |date=2001 |publisher=Random House}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Newshound: Daily Northern Ireland news catalog - Irish News article |url=http://www.nuzhound.com/articles/irish_news/arts2007/apr13_guilty_plea_loyalists_double_life_kept_secret.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000221/http://www.nuzhound.com/articles/irish_news/arts2007/apr13_guilty_plea_loyalists_double_life_kept_secret.php |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref>

In June 1997, the son of a murdered UDA member, James Curtis Moorehead, shot dead his father's killer, [[Robert Bates (loyalist)|Robert "Basher" Bates]] (a UVF member and a [[Shankill Butchers]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKittrick |first=David |date=2000-08-23 |title=Exposure sealed fate of notorious activists |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/exposure-sealed-fate-of-notorious-activists-710345.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=The Independent |language=en |quote=Another well-known Butchers gang member, Robert "Basher" Bates, was given 10 life sentences for murders. In prison he became a reformed character while serving more than 15 years behind bars. Released in 1996, he was shot dead near the Shankill by the son of one of his Protestant victims.}}</ref> As he acted without sanction from leadership, this resulted in the [[Shankill Road]] UDA exiling him to Taughmonagh.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cusack |first1=Jim |title=UVF: The Endgame |last2=McDonald |first2=Henry |publisher=Poolbeg Press |year=2008 |isbn=9781842233269 |location=Dublin |pages=389–390}}</ref> This resulted in the UVF prowling Taughmonagh in search of him. A feud between the [[Donegall Pass]] UVF and the [[Sandy Row]] UDA looked imminent as relations severely deteriorated. To avoid a war with the UVF, McDonald negotiated a resolution where the Moorehead would be housed on the edge of Taughmonagh and warned to lay low.<ref name=":5" />

In 2002 and 2003, during a [[loyalist feud]] between the UDA's [[UDA West Belfast Brigade|West Belfast Brigade]], led by [[Johnny Adair]], and the wider UDA, the Taughmonagh UDA erected a ring of steel around the estate and deployed an air-raid siren which would be set off if "foreign" cars entered the estate.<ref name=":6">{{cite book |last1=McDonald & Cusack |first1=Henry & Jim |title=UDA: Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror |date=2005 |publisher=Penguin |pages=374–375}}</ref> McDonald held a crisis meeting following the shooting of [[Jim Gray (UDA member)|Jim Gray]] by the LVF, suspecting Adair of being involved. Adair was caught visiting the LVF in [[Ballysillan]] immediately after the meeting. When McDonald discovered this, he moved to expel Adair after securing the support of other brigadiers, making Taughmonagh a potential retaliation target for Adair.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />

In 2007 UDA activity in Taughmonagh made headlines following the '[[tarring and feathering|tarring and feathering']] of an alleged drug dealer.<ref>{{cite web| title=Tar and feather attack 'barbaric'| publisher=[[BBC News]]| date=28 August 2007| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/6966493.stm| access-date=27 September 2010}}</ref> In 2016, controversy arose when a number of UDA flags was erected across the estate, including at the entrance to Taughmonagh Primary School and outside Taughmonagh Community Forum Resource Centre. The incident was condemned by the local [[Social Democratic and Labour Party|SDLP]] Councillor.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=McAleese |first=Deborah |date=2016-06-13 |title=Illegal loyalist flags in Belfast must be taken down, SDLP man demands |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/illegal-loyalist-flags-in-belfast-must-be-taken-down-sdlp-man-demands/34794071.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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{{County Antrim}}
{{County Antrim}}

[[Category:Geography of Belfast]]
[[Category:Geography of Belfast]]
[[Category:Civil parish of Drumbeg]]
[[Category:Civil parish of Drumbeg]]

Latest revision as of 21:07, 27 November 2024

Taughmonagh
Welcome to Taughmonagh, Belfast - A welcome sign and floral display near the entrance to the Taughmonagh estate, at The Dub, on the Upper Malone Road.
Taughmonagh is located in Northern Ireland
Taughmonagh
Taughmonagh
Location within Northern Ireland
District
County
CountryNorthern Ireland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBELFAST
Postcode districtBT9
Dialling code028
UK Parliament
NI Assembly
List of places
UK
Northern Ireland
Antrim
54°33′27″N 5°58′14″W / 54.55752°N 5.970507°W / 54.55752; -5.970507

Taughmonagh (from Irish Tuath Monach 'tribe of Monaigh')[1] is a small housing estate in south west Belfast, Northern Ireland, within the civil parishes of Drumbeg and Shankill, and barony of Belfast Upper. Taughmonagh has become known for being a staunchly loyalist estate.[2][3][4]

Local amenities

[edit]

Taughmonagh is situated between the Upper Malone Road and Lisburn Road. On the Upper Malone Road, the residents can make use of various shops and amenities at the Dubs Stores.[5] Towards the Lisburn Road, the many amenities include a petrol station, take-aways and further shops and restaurants in the neighbouring Finaghy area. Within Taughmonagh, there is a small convenience store which is often referred to as "the wee shop". In September 2007, a new Presbyterian church (Rev Arnold Frank Memorial Presbyterian Church) was completed, replacing the previous church which was built in 1954.[6]

The main community group is Taughmonagh Community Forum formed in 1996 which supports a Family Learning Centre, a Community Resource Centre and operates a day nursery called "Scribbles".[7][8] The Community Forum also operates a number of inter-community and cross-community projects including links with neighbouring Benmore and Annadale through the Live and Learn Open Doors Project,[9] and cross-border links with Manorhamilton, County Leitrim in the Republic of Ireland.[10]

The Taughmonagh Youth Club[11] is available for those from Primary Three (aged 6/7) up to 14th year secondary (aged 17/18) and is open two nights of the week.[12] The area also contains a small children's park, which has recently been renovated with an enclosed football/basketball area.[13]

The estate has its own social club which is used by the community and also serves meals. The social club was in the media in 2005 with a visit from then-Irish President, Mary McAleese, visiting the loyalist estate.[14] In June 2009, this trend of opening tours to visitors from the Republic of Ireland continued with a visit from a group from Manorhamilton as part of a cross-border initiative.[10]

There is a small Community Gym,[15] which was refurbished at the end of 2018.[16]

Sports

[edit]

There is also many football supporters clubs in Taughmonagh, such as the Taughmonagh Rangers supporters club,[17] the Manchester United supporters club,[18] the Northern Ireland football supporters club and the Leeds United supporters club. These clubs go to their respective football matches.

Taughmonagh Young Men F.C. play in the Northern Amateur League 2B division.[19] A notable game was their February 2023 match against premier division team, Immaculata F.C., in which they were heavily defeated 10–2, and subsequently crashed out of the Clarence Cup.[20]

Education

[edit]

A small controlled-primary school, Taughmonagh Primary School, is in the Findon Gardens area of Taughmonagh.[21][22] There were approximately over 262 pupils enrolled in the school as of 2018/2019.[23] Its pupils are predominantly Protestant.[24] The campus also features a nursery.[25]

Nearby on Upper Malone Road is the Fleming Fulton School for children with physical disabilities.[26][27]

Transport

[edit]

The area is serviced by the 9B/9C Metro bus, which travels to and from Belfast city centre via Finnis Drive and Lisburn Road,[28][29] and by the 8A (City Centre-Stranmillis-Malone),[30] 8B (City Centre-Malone),[31] 8C/8D (City Centre-Malone-Ladybrook)[32][33] routes, which all have stops at nearby Dub Lane on Upper Malone Road.

The nearest train stations are at Finaghy and Balmoral (opposite the King's Hall). Both of these stations lie on NI Railways' Portadown–Bangor line.[34]

Housing

[edit]

When the area was first built, the houses consisted of very basic, small, prefabricated aluminium bungalows, with the estate nicknamed "Tin Town".[35] The area was regenerated and there are now about 600 houses. These houses were historically owned by the Northern Ireland Housing Executive, with 94% of houses in the area being publicly rented and only 4% being owner-occupied in 2001,[36] but as of 2011 many of the residents have bought their houses from the executive via the 'right-to-buy' initiative[36] resulting in public housing dropping to 54.87% and the proportion of residents owning their home rising to 32.3%.[37]

Radius Housing, a non-profit organisation dedicated to providing housing, care and support to elderly and disabled people within the community,[38] it also manages some properties in Taughmonagh. It offers practical assistance and support to repair, adapt or improve homes across Northern Ireland.[39][40] Prior to merging in 2017, the Fold Housing Trust carried out this role in the community.[41]

Paramilitary activity

[edit]

A predominantly loyalist area, Taughmonagh has for a number of years been a stronghold of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) with two of the organisation's South Belfast Brigadiers, Alex Kerr and incumbent Jackie McDonald, based in the estate.[42][14] McDonald assumed control of the UDA's South Belfast Brigade following the assassination of John McMichael by the Provisional IRA in 1987. In less than a year. however, he was replaced within the organisation by Kerr after he was arrested for running extortion rackets.[43] With Kerr being on good terms with the UDA's West Belfast Brigade leader, Johnny Adair, Kerr permitted use of Taughmonagh to launch an attack on the Finaghy Road North home of a suspected Provisional IRA Commander, Brian Gillen. The attack never took place however, as the West Belfast Brigade were promptly arrested by the RUC following their departure from the Shankill on route to Taughmonagh.[42] Following his release in 1994, McDonald resumed control of the brigade after Kerr defected to Billy Wright's LVF. Kerr had become disillusioned with the UDA's alignment with the UVF, UDP and PUP, and had created tension by attacking the UVF in the village with slanderous graffiti and giving interviews denouncing the peace process and encouraging a new strategy opposed to peace.[43] McDonald was left to diffuse a potential loyalist feud with the UVF.

On 14 October 1991, the group was responsible for shooting dead Catholic taxi driver, Harry Conlon. Members had made a bogus call to STS taxis in Andersonstown requesting a taxi from the Devenish Arms Inn on Finaghy Road North to the Errigle Inn on the Ormeau Road. After picking them up, he was abducted at gunpoint and forced to drive into Taughmonagh. Later, at 10:17pm, he was found shot dead in his taxi on Finnis Drive. The UDA/UFF then telephoned the BBC and claimed responsibility for the murder.[44][45][46]

In June 1997, the son of a murdered UDA member, James Curtis Moorehead, shot dead his father's killer, Robert "Basher" Bates (a UVF member and a Shankill Butchers).[47] As he acted without sanction from leadership, this resulted in the Shankill Road UDA exiling him to Taughmonagh.[48] This resulted in the UVF prowling Taughmonagh in search of him. A feud between the Donegall Pass UVF and the Sandy Row UDA looked imminent as relations severely deteriorated. To avoid a war with the UVF, McDonald negotiated a resolution where the Moorehead would be housed on the edge of Taughmonagh and warned to lay low.[43]

In 2002 and 2003, during a loyalist feud between the UDA's West Belfast Brigade, led by Johnny Adair, and the wider UDA, the Taughmonagh UDA erected a ring of steel around the estate and deployed an air-raid siren which would be set off if "foreign" cars entered the estate.[49] McDonald held a crisis meeting following the shooting of Jim Gray by the LVF, suspecting Adair of being involved. Adair was caught visiting the LVF in Ballysillan immediately after the meeting. When McDonald discovered this, he moved to expel Adair after securing the support of other brigadiers, making Taughmonagh a potential retaliation target for Adair.[42][49]

In 2007 UDA activity in Taughmonagh made headlines following the 'tarring and feathering' of an alleged drug dealer.[50] In 2016, controversy arose when a number of UDA flags was erected across the estate, including at the entrance to Taughmonagh Primary School and outside Taughmonagh Community Forum Resource Centre. The incident was condemned by the local SDLP Councillor.[3][51]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The Gaelic Placenames of Belfast. ULTACH Trust.
  2. ^ Power, Maria, ed. (2011). "Loyalism and Peacebuilding in the 2000s". Building Peace in Northern Ireland. Liverpool University Press. p. 142. doi:10.5949/UPO9781846316739.008. ISBN 9781846316593. Dealings with the Loyalists in January 2007 were all hush hush but it was considered that quite possibly by the time of Tony's proposed visit in October 2007, things would have moved on sufficiently to contemplate a gathering at Taughmonagh Social Club to which Republicans could be invited (Taughmonagh is a large Loyalist housing estate).
  3. ^ a b "UDA flag erected at entrance to south Belfast primary school". The Irish News. 18 June 2018. Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  4. ^ "Bomb attack on loyalist leader". 20 December 2002. Retrieved 28 April 2024. They are also looking into reports of a suspicious object on the roof of a social club in the loyalist Taughmonagh estate in south Belfast.
  5. ^ "BBC News | NORTHERN IRELAND | Sites of Orange protests". news.bbc.co.uk. 10 July 2000. Retrieved 28 April 2024. Protesters also blocked roads at Finaghy Crossroads, Blacks Road, Seymour Hill in Dunmurry at Rowan Drive, Dunmurry at Glenburn Rd and Crossroads, Dubs Stores at Upper Malone Road, Queensway and Kingsway, Annadale embankment and the Milltown Road at Shaws Bridge.
  6. ^ "The Rev Arnold Frank Memorial Presbyterian Church | Lisburn.com". lisburn.com. 10 September 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  7. ^ "Taughmonagh Community Forum". www.taughmonagh.co.uk. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  8. ^ "Taughmonagh Community Forum - Scribbles". www.taughmonagh.co.uk. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  9. ^ "Live and Learn Open Doors Project". communityni.org. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  10. ^ a b "Historic Belfast visit by local group". The Irish Independent. 24 June 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Taughmonagh Youth Club". Education Authority Northern Ireland. 21 October 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  12. ^ "Taughmonagh Youth Club- Volunteers". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 28 April 2024. Taughmonagh youth is open Monday and Tuesday evenings for P3 up to year 14
  13. ^ "Taughmonagh MUGA". Belfast City Council. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  14. ^ a b O'Dornan, David (26 September 2020). "The UDA and me: Mary McAleese on an unlikely bond with Jackie McDonald and how loyalist godfathers feared they'd be bombed on way to Dublin peace talks". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  15. ^ "Taughmonagh Community Forum". www.taughmonagh.co.uk. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  16. ^ "Cllr Geraldine McAteer. on X: "Delighted to be invited to Taughmonagh Enterprise Centre today by local community forum. Amazing new social enterprises include gym & childcare. Big success for SIF & City Council local investment fund"". X.com. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  17. ^ "Taughmonagh Rangers Supporters Club -South Belfast". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  18. ^ "TaughmonaghMUSC (@TaughmonaghMUSC)". X.com. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  19. ^ "Northern Amateur Football League :: Tables". www.thenafl.co.uk. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  20. ^ "Immaculata Football Club on X: "Taughmonagh YM vs Immaculata - Clarence Cup 3rd Round - 28th January 2023"". X.com. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  21. ^ "Taughmonagh PS [Belfast]". Education Authority Northern Ireland. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  22. ^ "Taughmonagh Primary School". Controlled Schools Support Council. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  23. ^ "Primary Inspection (Involving Action Short of Strike) - Taughmonagh Primary School and Nursery Unit, Belfast 101-0301" (PDF). The Education and Training Inspectorate. 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  24. ^ Torney, Kathryn (23 November 2012). "The religious divide in Northern Ireland's schools". The Detail. Retrieved 28 April 2024 – via The Guardian.
  25. ^ "Taughmonagh PS NU [Belfast]". Education Authority Northern Ireland. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  26. ^ "Special Inspection Fleming Fulton School, Belfast" (PDF). Education and Training Inspectorate. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  27. ^ "Fleming Fulton School". Education Authority Northern Ireland. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  28. ^ "Timetables (9B)". Translink. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  29. ^ "Timetables (9C)". Translink. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  30. ^ "Timetables (8A)". Translink. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  31. ^ "Timetables (8B)". Translink. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  32. ^ "Timetables (8C)". Translink. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  33. ^ "Timetables (8D)". Translink. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  34. ^ "Timetables (Bangor Portadown Line)". Translink. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  35. ^ Glenn Patterson, Accommodation and Apartmentality Archived 20 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ a b "Mapping Segregation in Northern Ireland - Northern Ireland Housing Executive Estates in Belfast 2001" (PDF). Northern Ireland Housing Executive. 2001. pp. 1, 51. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  37. ^ "Mapping Segregation in Northern Ireland - Housing Executive Estates in Belfast 2011" (PDF). Northern Ireland Housing Executive. 1 May 2018. p. 23. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  38. ^ "About Radius Housing | Radius Housing". Radius Housing. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  39. ^ "Home adaptations | Radius Housing". Radius Housing. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  40. ^ "Floating Support Service | Radius Housing". Radius Housing. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  41. ^ "radius-news-spring-2017.pdf" (PDF). Radius Housing. 2017. p. 1. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  42. ^ a b c David Lister & Hugh Jordan, Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and 'C' Company, Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2004, pp. 127, 318-139
  43. ^ a b c McDonald, Henry; Cusack, Jim (2004). UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. pp. 160, 278, 290–291.
  44. ^ "Investigation Into Police Handling Of Loyalist Paramilitary Murders And Attempted Murders In South Belfast In The Period 1990-1998" (PDF). Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland. 8 February 2022. p. 7.
  45. ^ McKittrick, David (2001). Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles. Random House.
  46. ^ "Newshound: Daily Northern Ireland news catalog - Irish News article". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
  47. ^ McKittrick, David (23 August 2000). "Exposure sealed fate of notorious activists". The Independent. Retrieved 28 April 2024. Another well-known Butchers gang member, Robert "Basher" Bates, was given 10 life sentences for murders. In prison he became a reformed character while serving more than 15 years behind bars. Released in 1996, he was shot dead near the Shankill by the son of one of his Protestant victims.
  48. ^ Cusack, Jim; McDonald, Henry (2008). UVF: The Endgame. Dublin: Poolbeg Press. pp. 389–390. ISBN 9781842233269.
  49. ^ a b McDonald & Cusack, Henry & Jim (2005). UDA: Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror. Penguin. pp. 374–375.
  50. ^ "Tar and feather attack 'barbaric'". BBC News. 28 August 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
  51. ^ McAleese, Deborah (13 June 2016). "Illegal loyalist flags in Belfast must be taken down, SDLP man demands". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
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