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{{Short description|President of Trinidad and Tobago from 2003 to 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific_prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
|name = George Maxwell Richards
| name = George Maxwell Richards
⚫
| honorific_suffix = [[Trinity Cross|TC]] [[Chaconia Medal|CM]]
⚫
|birth_name=George Maxwell Richards
| image = Professor George Maxwell Richards 1 (cropped 2).jpg
⚫
|honorific_suffix = [[Trinity Cross|TC]] [[Chaconia Medal|CM]]
|image = Professor George Maxwell Richards 1 (cropped 2).jpg
| caption = George Maxwell Richards in 2010
|caption = George Maxwell Richards in 2010
| order = 4th
⚫
| office = President of Trinidad and Tobago
⚫
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1931|12|1}}
| primeminister = {{ubl|[[Patrick Manning]]|[[Kamla Persad-Bissessar]]}}
⚫
|birth_place = [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2018|1|8|1931|12|1}}
| term_start = 17 March 2003
|death_place = [[Port of Spain]], Trinidad and Tobago
| term_end = 18 March 2013
|death_cause = [[Heart failure]]
| predecessor = [[A. N. R. Robinson]]
|spouse = [[Jean Ramjohn-Richards|Jean Ramjohn]]
| successor = [[Anthony Carmona]]
⚫
| birth_name = George Maxwell Richards
⚫
|alma_mater = {{ubl|[[University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology|University of Manchester]]|[[Pembroke College, Cambridge]]}}
|occupation = Politician
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1931|12|1}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]]<!--Don't change to [[Colony of Trinidad and Tobago]]; no place by that name ever existed-->
⚫
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2018|1|8|1931|12|1}}
⚫
|office = 4th [[President of Trinidad and Tobago]]
|primeminister = {{ubl|[[Patrick Manning]]|[[Kamla Persad-Bissessar]]}}
| death_place = [[Port of Spain]], Trinidad and Tobago
|term_start = 17 March 2003
| death_cause = [[Heart failure]]
|term_end = 18 March 2013
| spouse = [[Jean Ramjohn-Richards|Jean Ramjohn]]
⚫
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology|University of Manchester]]|[[Pembroke College, Cambridge]]}}
|predecessor = [[A. N. R. Robinson|Arthur Robinson]]
|successor = [[Anthony Carmona]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|engineer}}
⚫
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
}}
}}


{{post-nominals|list=[[Excellency|HE]]}} '''George Maxwell Richards''' {{post-nominals|list=[[Trinity Cross|TC]] [[National Awards of Trinidad and Tobago|CM]]}} (1 December 1931&nbsp;&ndash; 8 January 2018), was a Trinidadian and Tobagonian politician who served as the fourth [[List of Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago|President of Trinidad and Tobago]], in office from 2003 to 2013. He was the first [[President of Trinidad and Tobago]] and [[head of state]] in the [[Anglophone Caribbean]] to have [[Amerindian]] ancestry.<ref>https://otp.tt/the-president/history-of-the-presidency/</ref>
{{post-nominals|list=[[Excellency|HE]]}} '''George Maxwell Richards''' {{post-nominals|list=[[Trinity Cross|TC]] [[National Awards of Trinidad and Tobago|CM]]}} (1 December 1931&nbsp;&ndash; 8 January 2018) was a Trinidadian politician who served as the fourth [[List of Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago|president of Trinidad and Tobago]], in office from 2003 to 2013. He was the first [[president of Trinidad and Tobago]] and [[head of state]] in the [[Anglophone Caribbean]] to have [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Amerindian]] ancestry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Presidency {{!}} The Office of the President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago|url=https://otp.tt/the-president/history-of-the-presidency/|access-date=2021-08-04|language=en-US}}</ref>


A [[chemical engineer]] by training, Richards was Principal of the [[Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago|St. Augustine]] campus of the [[University of the West Indies]] in [[Trinidad]] from 1984 to 1996. He previously worked for [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] Trinidad Ltd before joining the University of the West Indies in 1965. He was sworn into office as President on 17 March 2003 for a five-year term.
A [[chemical engineer]] by training, Richards was Principal of the [[Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago|St. Augustine]] campus of the [[University of the West Indies]] in [[Trinidad]] from 1984 to 1996. He previously worked for [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] Trinidad Ltd before joining the University of the West Indies in 1965. He was sworn into office as president on 17 March 2003 for a five-year term.


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Richards was born at his family's home in [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]] in South [[Trinidad]] in 1931 as one of five children in the family.<ref name="Day"/> He is of [[Amerindian]] and [[Chinese Trinidadian and Tobagonian|Chinese]] descent.<ref>http://www.looptt.com/content/10-notable-achievements-professor-george-maxwell-richards</ref> His father, George Richards, was a barrister while his mother, Henrietta Martin was a housewife and teacher.<ref name="Day"/> He received his primary education there before winning an exhibition (scholarship) to attend [[Queen's Royal College]] in [[Port of Spain]].<ref name="Day">{{cite web|author=Andre Bagoo|url=http://archives.newsday.co.tt/features/0,74300.html|title=A day in the life of the President|publisher=''[[Trinidad and Tobago Newsday]]''|date=3 March 2008|accessdate=8 January 2018}}</ref> From May 1950 to September 1951, he worked for the United British Oilfields of Trinidad (precursor to Shell Trinidad Ltd.) at [[Point Fortin]].<ref name="T&Td"/><ref name="Triobit"/> He received a scholarship from them to study [[chemical engineering]].<ref name="Loop"/>
Richards was born at his family's home in [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]] in South [[Trinidad]] in 1931 as one of five children in the family.<ref name="Day"/> He was of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Amerindian]] and [[Chinese Trinidadian and Tobagonian|Chinese]] descent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 notable achievements of former president George Maxwell Richards {{!}} Loop Trinidad & Tobago|url=https://tt.loopnews.com/content/10-notable-achievements-professor-george-maxwell-richards|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Loop News|language=en}}</ref> His father, George Richards, was a barrister while his mother, Henrietta Martin was a housewife and teacher.<ref name="Day"/> He received his primary education there before winning an exhibition (scholarship) to attend [[Queen's Royal College]] in [[Port of Spain]].<ref name="Day">{{cite web|author=Andre Bagoo|url=http://archives.newsday.co.tt/features/0,74300.html|title=A day in the life of the President|publisher=[[Trinidad and Tobago Newsday]]|date=3 March 2008|access-date=8 January 2018}}</ref> From May 1950 to September 1951, he worked for the United British Oilfields of Trinidad (precursor to Shell Trinidad Ltd.) at [[Point Fortin]].<ref name="T&Td"/><ref name="Triobit"/> He received a scholarship from them to study [[chemical engineering]].<ref name="Loop"/>


Richards then attended the [[University of Manchester]] ([[UMIST]]), where he took a [[Bachelor of Engineering|BEng]] degree (1955) and an [[Master of Engineering|MEng]] degree (1957).<ref name="TEN"/> He subsequently obtained a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degree in chemical engineering from the [[University of Cambridge]] ([[Pembroke College, Cambridge|Pembroke]]).<ref name="Day"/>
Richards then attended the [[University of Manchester]] ([[UMIST]]), where he took a [[Bachelor of Engineering|BEng]] degree (1955) and an [[Master of Engineering|MEng]] degree (1957).<ref name="TEN"/> He subsequently obtained a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degree in chemical engineering from the [[University of Cambridge]] ([[Pembroke College, Cambridge|Pembroke]]).<ref name="Day"/>


==Early career==
==Early career==
Richards returned to Trinidad and worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd from 1957 to 1965 before joining the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of the West Indies, eventually attaining the post of Professor of Chemical Engineering in October 1970.<ref name="T&Td"/><ref name="Loop"/> From August 1980 to May 1985, Richards served as [[Pro-Vice-Chancellor]] and Deputy Principal of the University.<ref name="Day"/><ref name="T&Td"/> He served as Acting Principal of the St. Augustine Campus from October 1984 to May 1985, and was confirmed in the position in 1985.<ref name="Loop"/><ref name="T&Td"/>
Richards returned to Trinidad and worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd from 1957 to 1965 before joining the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of the West Indies, eventually attaining the post of Professor of Chemical Engineering in October 1970.<ref name="T&Td"/><ref name="Loop"/> From August 1980 to May 1985, Richards served as [[Pro-Vice-Chancellor]] and Deputy Principal of the University.<ref name="Day"/><ref name="T&Td"/> He served as Acting Principal of the St. Augustine Campus from October 1984 to May 1985, and was confirmed in the position in 1985.<ref name="T&Td"/><ref name="Loop"/>


Richards served as Principal through the turbulent period in 1988 when the government slashed the university's budget by 30% and instituted a [[cess]] on university students (effectively raising tuition from [[Trinidad and Tobago dollar|TT$]]120 to $3000 overnight).<ref name="Day"/>
Richards served as Principal through the turbulent period in 1988 when the government slashed the university's budget by 30% and instituted a [[cess]] on university students (effectively raising tuition from [[Trinidad and Tobago dollar|TT$]]120 to $3000 overnight).<ref name="Day"/>


Richards managed to keep the university afloat through this difficult period and retired as Principal in November 1996<ref name="T&Td"/> although he continued to teach as [[Professor Emeritus]] until he was elected President.<ref name="TEN"/> Richards also served on the Boards of many Trinidad and Tobago companies including that of the state-owned [[oil company]], Trintoc (now [[Petrotrin]]), the National Gas Company and the [[Trinidad Guardian|Trinidad Publishing Company]].<ref name="Triobit"/>
Richards managed to keep the university afloat through this difficult period and retired as Principal in November 1996<ref name="T&Td"/> although he continued to teach as [[professor emeritus]] until he was elected president.<ref name="TEN"/> Richards also served on the Boards of many Trinidad and Tobago companies including that of the state-owned [[oil company]], Trintoc (now [[Petrotrin]]), the National Gas Company and the [[Trinidad Guardian|Trinidad Publishing Company]].<ref name="Triobit"/>


==Presidency==
==Presidency==
Although the position of President is a primarily ceremonial one, Richards had been outspoken in his criticism of the upsurge of crime in Trinidad and Tobago. He was also well known for his involvement in [[Caribbean Carnival|Carnival]].<ref name="Triobit">{{cite web|url=http://newsday.co.tt/2018/01/08/max-richards-dies/|title=Max Richards Dies|accessdate=8 January 2018|date=8 January 2018|publisher=Newsday}}</ref> He was the first President of the Republic who was not an attorney.<ref name="Loop"/>
Although the position of president is a primarily ceremonial one, Richards had been outspoken in his criticism of the upsurge of crime in Trinidad and Tobago. He was also well known for his involvement in [[Caribbean Carnival|Carnival]].<ref name="Triobit">{{cite news|url=http://newsday.co.tt/2018/01/08/max-richards-dies/|title=Max Richards Dies|access-date=8 January 2018|date=8 January 2018|newspaper=Newsday}}</ref> He was the first President of the Republic who was not an attorney.<ref name="Loop"/>


Richards was re-elected to a second five-year term as President by the Electoral College on 11 February 2008.<ref name="REE"/> He was the only candidate, and the Electoral College met for only three minutes.<ref name="REE">{{cite web|author=Clint Chan|url=http://www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,73099.html|title=Max’s 3-minute re-election|publisher=''Trinidad and Tobago Newsday''|date=12 February 2008}}</ref>
Richards was re-elected to a second five-year term as president by the Electoral College on 11 February 2008.<ref name="REE"/> He was the only candidate, and the Electoral College met for only three minutes.<ref name="REE">{{cite web|author=Clint Chan|url=http://www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,73099.html|title=Max’s 3-minute re-election|publisher=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday|date=12 February 2008}}</ref>


In May 2009, Richards faced calls to resign for bungling the appointment of the Trinidad and Tobago Integrity Commission, whose members all resigned for various reasons within a week of being sworn in on 1 May 2009, even as Richards embarked on a three-week foreign vacation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2016-11-17/richards-alive-and-well|title=Richards alive and well|date=17 November 2016|accessdate=8 January 2018|publisher=Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Bye"/> In a televised address to the nation on 29 May 2009, he said he had not brought his office into disrepute and so saw no reason to resign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2017-07-15/%E2%80%98judiciary-will-self-destruct%E2%80%99|title=Judiciary will self-destruct|date=26 June 2017|accessdate=8 January 2017|publisher=Guardian}}</ref> He remained in office until 2013.<ref name="Bye"/>
In May 2009, Richards faced calls to resign for bungling the appointment of the Trinidad and Tobago Integrity Commission, whose members all resigned for various reasons within a week of being sworn in on 1 May 2009, even as Richards embarked on a three-week foreign vacation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2016-11-17/richards-alive-and-well|title=Richards alive and well|date=17 November 2016|access-date=8 January 2018|newspaper=Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Bye"/> In a televised address to the nation on 29 May 2009, he said he had not brought his office into disrepute and so saw no reason to resign.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2017-07-15/%E2%80%98judiciary-will-self-destruct%E2%80%99|title=Judiciary will self-destruct|date=26 June 2017|access-date=8 January 2017|newspaper=Guardian}}</ref> He remained in office until 2013.<ref name="Bye"/>


==Other activities==
==Other activities==
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==Personal life and death==
==Personal life and death==
He was married to [[Jean Ramjohn-Richards|Jean Ramjohn]], an [[anesthesiologist]] and cousin of the former President [[Noor Hassanali]].<ref name="TEN"/> They had two children: a son, Mark, who is also a medical doctor; and a daughter, Maxine, who is a businesswoman.<ref name="TEN">{{cite web|url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/20180108/news/former-president-max-richards-has-died|title=Former President Max Richards has died|publisher=Trinidad Express Newspaper|date=8 January 2018|accessdate=8 January 2018}}</ref>
He was married to [[Jean Ramjohn-Richards|Jean Ramjohn]], an [[anesthesiologist]] and cousin of the former President [[Noor Hassanali]].<ref name="TEN"/> They had two children: a son, Mark, who is also a medical doctor; and a daughter, Maxine, who is a businesswoman.<ref name="TEN">{{cite web|url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/20180108/news/former-president-max-richards-has-died|title=Former President Max Richards has died|publisher=Trinidad Express Newspaper|date=8 January 2018|access-date=8 January 2018}}</ref>

Richards died at WestShore Medical Private Hospital in [[Port of Spain]] at around 7.43pm, on 8 January 2018 of [[heart failure]] at the age of 86.<ref name="T&Td">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2018-01-09/tt%E2%80%99s-fourth-president-dies|date=9 January 2018|title=T&T's fourth president dies|publisher=T&T Guardian|author1=Hassanali, Shaliza|author2=Ramnarine, Kristy|access-date=2018-01-09|archive-date=2018-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112142352/http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2018-01-09/tt%E2%80%99s-fourth-president-dies|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Loop">{{cite web|url=http://www.looptt.com/content/former-president-george-maxwell-richards-dies|title=Former President George Maxwell Richards dies|publisher=Looptt|access-date=8 January 2018|date=8 January 2018|archive-date=9 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109121925/http://www.looptt.com/content/former-president-george-maxwell-richards-dies|url-status=dead}}</ref>

His ashes were scattered over the seas of the Gulf of Paria on the night of January 19th, 2018 and the Richards family said their final farewell to their husband, father, brother, and uncle as well as the nation's fourth president.


Richards died at WestShore Medical Private Hospital in [[Port of Spain]] at around 7.43pm, on 8 January 2018 of [[heart failure]] at the age of 86.<ref name="Loop">{{cite web|url=http://www.looptt.com/content/former-president-george-maxwell-richards-dies|title=Former President George Maxwell Richards dies|publisher=Looptt|accessdate=8 January 2018|date=8 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="T&Td">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2018-01-09/tt%E2%80%99s-fourth-president-dies|date=9 January 2018|title=T&T's fourth president dies|publisher=T&T Guardian|author=Hassanali, Shaliza; Ramnarine, Kristy}}</ref>


==Honors==
==Honors==
In 1977, Richards received the [[Warszewiczia coccinea|Chaconia]] [[National Awards of Trinidad and Tobago|Medal of the National Order of the Trinity, Class 1 Gold]] (the ''Chaconia Medal, Gold'') for his contributions to Trinidad and Tobago.<ref name="Bye"/>
In 1977, Richards received the [[Warszewiczia coccinea|Chaconia]] [[National Awards of Trinidad and Tobago|Medal of the National Order of the Trinity, Class 1 Gold]] (the ''Chaconia Medal, Gold'') for his contributions to Trinidad and Tobago.<ref name="Bye"/>


Richards also received an Honorary Doctorate from [[Heriot-Watt University]] in 2007.<ref name="Bye">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2013-03-18/bye-max-hello-tc|title=Bye Max, Hello "TC"|publisher=Guardian|accessdate=8 January 2018|date=18 March 2013}}</ref>
Richards also received an Honorary Doctorate from [[Heriot-Watt University]] in 2007.<ref name="Bye">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2013-03-18/bye-max-hello-tc|title=Bye Max, Hello "TC"|newspaper=Guardian|access-date=8 January 2018|date=18 March 2013}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Trinidad and Tobago chemical engineers]]
[[Category:Trinidad and Tobago chemical engineers]]
[[Category:University of the West Indies academics]]
[[Category:Trinidad and Tobago people of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of the West Indies]]
[[Category:People from San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:People from San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Chaconia Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Chaconia Medal]]

Latest revision as of 22:36, 27 November 2024

His Excellency
George Maxwell Richards
TC CM
George Maxwell Richards in 2010
4th President of Trinidad and Tobago
In office
17 March 2003 – 18 March 2013
Prime Minister
Preceded byA. N. R. Robinson
Succeeded byAnthony Carmona
Personal details
Born
George Maxwell Richards

(1931-12-01)1 December 1931
San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago
Died8 January 2018(2018-01-08) (aged 86)
Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Cause of deathHeart failure
Political partyIndependent
SpouseJean Ramjohn
Alma mater
Occupation
  • Politician
  • engineer

HE George Maxwell Richards TC CM (1 December 1931 – 8 January 2018) was a Trinidadian politician who served as the fourth president of Trinidad and Tobago, in office from 2003 to 2013. He was the first president of Trinidad and Tobago and head of state in the Anglophone Caribbean to have Amerindian ancestry.[1]

A chemical engineer by training, Richards was Principal of the St. Augustine campus of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad from 1984 to 1996. He previously worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd before joining the University of the West Indies in 1965. He was sworn into office as president on 17 March 2003 for a five-year term.

Early life and education

[edit]

Richards was born at his family's home in San Fernando in South Trinidad in 1931 as one of five children in the family.[2] He was of Amerindian and Chinese descent.[3] His father, George Richards, was a barrister while his mother, Henrietta Martin was a housewife and teacher.[2] He received his primary education there before winning an exhibition (scholarship) to attend Queen's Royal College in Port of Spain.[2] From May 1950 to September 1951, he worked for the United British Oilfields of Trinidad (precursor to Shell Trinidad Ltd.) at Point Fortin.[4][5] He received a scholarship from them to study chemical engineering.[6]

Richards then attended the University of Manchester (UMIST), where he took a BEng degree (1955) and an MEng degree (1957).[7] He subsequently obtained a PhD degree in chemical engineering from the University of Cambridge (Pembroke).[2]

Early career

[edit]

Richards returned to Trinidad and worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd from 1957 to 1965 before joining the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of the West Indies, eventually attaining the post of Professor of Chemical Engineering in October 1970.[4][6] From August 1980 to May 1985, Richards served as Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Principal of the University.[2][4] He served as Acting Principal of the St. Augustine Campus from October 1984 to May 1985, and was confirmed in the position in 1985.[4][6]

Richards served as Principal through the turbulent period in 1988 when the government slashed the university's budget by 30% and instituted a cess on university students (effectively raising tuition from TT$120 to $3000 overnight).[2]

Richards managed to keep the university afloat through this difficult period and retired as Principal in November 1996[4] although he continued to teach as professor emeritus until he was elected president.[7] Richards also served on the Boards of many Trinidad and Tobago companies including that of the state-owned oil company, Trintoc (now Petrotrin), the National Gas Company and the Trinidad Publishing Company.[5]

Presidency

[edit]

Although the position of president is a primarily ceremonial one, Richards had been outspoken in his criticism of the upsurge of crime in Trinidad and Tobago. He was also well known for his involvement in Carnival.[5] He was the first President of the Republic who was not an attorney.[6]

Richards was re-elected to a second five-year term as president by the Electoral College on 11 February 2008.[8] He was the only candidate, and the Electoral College met for only three minutes.[8]

In May 2009, Richards faced calls to resign for bungling the appointment of the Trinidad and Tobago Integrity Commission, whose members all resigned for various reasons within a week of being sworn in on 1 May 2009, even as Richards embarked on a three-week foreign vacation.[9][10] In a televised address to the nation on 29 May 2009, he said he had not brought his office into disrepute and so saw no reason to resign.[11] He remained in office until 2013.[10]

Other activities

[edit]

Richards also served on the board of the Trinidad Publishing Company, TRINTOC, and the National Gas Company.[6] He also served on the boards of several service organizations such as Chairman of both the National Training Board and National Advisory Council and the Institute of Marine Affairs.[6]

Personal life and death

[edit]

He was married to Jean Ramjohn, an anesthesiologist and cousin of the former President Noor Hassanali.[7] They had two children: a son, Mark, who is also a medical doctor; and a daughter, Maxine, who is a businesswoman.[7]

Richards died at WestShore Medical Private Hospital in Port of Spain at around 7.43pm, on 8 January 2018 of heart failure at the age of 86.[4][6]

His ashes were scattered over the seas of the Gulf of Paria on the night of January 19th, 2018 and the Richards family said their final farewell to their husband, father, brother, and uncle as well as the nation's fourth president.


Honors

[edit]

In 1977, Richards received the Chaconia Medal of the National Order of the Trinity, Class 1 Gold (the Chaconia Medal, Gold) for his contributions to Trinidad and Tobago.[10]

Richards also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2007.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "History of the Presidency | The Office of the President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago". Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Andre Bagoo (3 March 2008). "A day in the life of the President". Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  3. ^ "10 notable achievements of former president George Maxwell Richards | Loop Trinidad & Tobago". Loop News. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Hassanali, Shaliza; Ramnarine, Kristy (9 January 2018). "T&T's fourth president dies". T&T Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  5. ^ a b c "Max Richards Dies". Newsday. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Former President George Maxwell Richards dies". Looptt. 8 January 2018. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d "Former President Max Richards has died". Trinidad Express Newspaper. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  8. ^ a b Clint Chan (12 February 2008). "Max's 3-minute re-election". Trinidad and Tobago Newsday.
  9. ^ "Richards alive and well". Guardian. 17 November 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d "Bye Max, Hello "TC"". Guardian. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  11. ^ "Judiciary will self-destruct". Guardian. 26 June 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
Political offices
Preceded by President of Trinidad and Tobago
2003–2013 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=George_Maxwell_Richards&oldid=1259939336"