Jump to content

Agustín Muñoz Grandes: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
mNo edit summary
 
(197 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Spanish politician (1896–1970)}}
[[Image:Agustin Munoz Grandes.jpg|thumb|225px|[[Major General]] Muñoz Grandes.]]
{{family name hatnote|Muñoz|Grandes|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Agustín Muñoz Grandes
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Agustín Muñoz Grandes (1).jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = General Muñoz Grandes as an officer of the [[Wehrmacht]], 1941–43
| office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Spain]]
| term_start = 11 July 1962
| term_end = 22 July 1967
| primeminister = [[Francisco Franco]]
| predecessor = [[Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa]] {{small|(1938–39)}}
| successor = [[Luis Carrero Blanco]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of the Army (Spain)|Minister of the Army]]
| term_start2 = 19 July 1951
| term_end2 = 25 February 1957
| predecessor2 = [[Fidel Dávila Arrondo]]
| successor2 = [[Antonio Barroso Sánchez-Guerra]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1896|1|27}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1970|7|11|1896|1|27}}
| birth_place = [[Carabanchel Bajo]], Spain
| death_place = [[Madrid]], Spain
| party = [[FET y de las JONS]]
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| education = [[Toledo Infantry Academy]]
| signature = Firma de Agustín Muñoz Grandes.svg
<!--Military service-->
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Kingdom of Spain]] (1915–1931)<br>{{flag|Spanish Republic}} (1931–1936)<br>{{flag|Nationalist Spain|1938}} (1936–1941, 1942–1950){{citation needed|date=October 2020}}<br>{{flag|Nazi Germany}} (1941–1942)
| branch = {{army|Spain|1938}}<br>{{army|Nazi Germany}} ([[Wehrmacht]])
| serviceyears = 1915–41, 1942–50{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} (Spain)<br>1941–42 (Germany)
| rank = [[General officer|General]]
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands = [[Blue Division]]
| battles = [[Rif War]]<br />
[[Spanish Civil War]]
* [[Battle of Málaga (1937)|Battle of Málaga]]
[[World War II]]
* [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]
| battles_label =
| mawards = [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross#Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves|Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]]<br>[[Military Medal (Spain)|Military Medal]]
| relations =
| children = {{ill|Agustín Muñoz-Grandes Galilea|es}}
| laterwork =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}
'''Agustín Muñoz Grandes''' (27 January 1896 – 11 July 1970) was a Spanish general, and [[politician]], vice-president of the Spanish Government and minister with [[Francisco Franco]] several times; also known as the commander of the [[Blue Division]] between 1941 and 1942.


== Biography ==
'''Agustín Muñoz Grandes''' ([[January 27]], [[1896]] &ndash; [[July 11]], [[1970]]) was a [[Spain|Spanish]] general and [[fascist]] leader best known as the commander of the [[Blue Division]] between [[1941]] and [[1943]].
Born in [[Carabanchel Bajo]] on 27 January 1896,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2cPRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA393|page=393|title=Gobierno y Administración Militar en la II República española: (14 de abril de 1931/18 de julio de 1936)|first=Justo Alberto|last=Huerta Barajas|publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]|year=2016|location=Madrid|isbn=978-84-340-2303-1}}</ref> Muñoz Grandes enrolled at the [[Toledo Infantry Academy]] while in his teens. Upon graduating, he was deployed to [[Morocco]] in 1915 and in 1925 took part in the decisive [[Alhucemas landing|Battle of Alhucemas]]. Muñoz Grandes fought for the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalists]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]] and was promoted to [[General officer|General]], taking command in the [[Army of Africa (Spain)|Army of Africa]]. He led the [[Spanish Legion]]naries in the conquest [[Battle of Málaga (1937)|of Málaga]] by the Nationalists in February 1937.
[[File:Agustín Muñoz Grandes 1962 (cropped).jpg|thumbnail|left|150px|General Muñoz Grandes in 1962]]
In 1941, Muñoz Grandes was given command of the [[Blue Division|División Azul]], Generalísimo Franco's volunteer unit created for service under the [[Wehrmacht]] on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]], against the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/07/06/archives/spain-said-to-comb-prisons-for-recruits-general-munoz-grande-slated.html|title=General Munoz Grande Slated to Head Anti-Soviet Division|date=6 July 1941|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref> Muñoz Grandes was well acquainted with the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] military establishment, and attended several interviews with [[Wilhelm Canaris]] and [[Adolf Hitler]].


During his command Muñoz Grandes was decorated with the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]], with [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross#Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves|Oak Leaves]] personally added by Hitler. He was recalled to Spain in December 1942. A promotion to [[Lieutenant general|Lieutenant General]] awaited him at home, and his post on the Eastern Front was taken up by [[Emilio Esteban Infantes]].
Born to a humble family in [[Madrid]], Muñoz Grandes enrolled at the [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] Infantry Academy while in his teens. Upon graduating, he was deployed to [[Morocco]] in [[1915]] and took part in the [[Battle of Alhucemas]]. Muñoz Grandes fought for the [[Nationalist Spain|Nationalists]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]] and was promoted to [[general]], taking command in the [[Spanish Army of Africa|Army of Africa]].


Muñoz Grandes was appointed [[Captain general of the Army|Captain General]] of I [[Military District]] in 1945, [[Ministry of the Army (Spain)|Minister of the Army]] in 1951 and Chief of the [[Defence High Command]] (chief of [[Staff (military)|staff]] of the [[Spanish Armed Forces]]) in 1958. He served as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Spain]] from 1962 to 1967. In this capacity he advised Franco to enter the [[Vietnam War]] in order to gain better relations with the [[United States]]; however, Franco was reluctant to publicly support the war or the United States, and ultimately only several teams of medical personnel were sent, covertly.<ref name="Marin">{{cite web|url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2012/04/09/inenglish/1333979983_253264.html|title=Spain's secret support for US in Vietnam|publisher=El Pais|date=9 April 2012|access-date=30 April 2020|last1=Marín|first1=Paloma}}</ref>
In [[1941]], Muñoz Grandes was given command of the [[División Azul]], [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s volunteer unit created for service under the [[Wehrmacht]] in [[Russia]]. Muñoz Grandes was well acquainted with the [[Germany|German]] military establishment, having previously served as a tactical advisor under [[Wilhelm Canaris]]; moreover, he was an ardent fascist and supporter of [[Adolf Hitler]].


Muñoz Grandes died in 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/12/archives/gen-munoz-grandes-70-dies-spains-former-vice-president.html|title=Gen. Munoz Grandes, 70, Dies; Spain's Former Vice President|date=12 July 1970|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref> His wife Maria died in 1989.
During his command Muñoz Grandes was decorated with the [[Knight's Cross]] of the [[Iron Cross]], with Oak Leaves personally added by Hitler. He was recalled to Spain in December [[1942]] in part because his intemperately pro-German attitudes alarmed the ''Caudillo'' at a time when Spain was under immense international pressure to remain [[neutral country|neutral]]. In any case, a promotion to [[Lieutenant General]] awaited him at home, and his post on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] was taken up by [[Emilio Esteban Infantes]].


== Awards ==
Muñoz Grandes was promoted to [[Captain-General]] of I [[Military District]] in [[1945]] and [[Minister of Defence]] in [[1950]]. He served as [[First Vice President (Spain)|First Vice President]] of Spain from [[1962]] to [[1967]].
* [[Order of Cisneros]] (1956, 1970)<ref name="armed">{{cite web|url=https://www.armedconflicts.com/Order-of-Cisneros-t224189|website=armedconflicts.com|language=en|title=Order of Cisneros|date=23 July 2019 |access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref>
* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] (12 March 1942)
** [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross#Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves|Oak Leaves]] (12 December 1942)
* [[Iron Cross]] (1939)
** 2nd Class (8 September 1941)<ref name="Thomas p112">Thomas 1998, p. 112.</ref>
** 1st Class (19 January 1942)<ref name="Thomas p112"/>


== References ==
Muñoz Grandes died in [[1970]].
{{Reflist|30em}}


==Bibliography==
[[Category:Spanish generals|Muñoz Grandes, Agustín]]
{{Refbegin}}
[[Category:Francoist Spain|Muñoz Grandes, Agustín]]
* {{Cite book
[[Category:Spanish World War II people|Muñoz Grandes, Agustín]]
|last=Fellgiebel
[[Category:1896 births|Muñoz Grandes, Agustín]]
|first=Walther-Peer
[[Category:1970 deaths|Muñoz Grandes, Agustín]]
|year=2000
|orig-year=1986
|title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile
|trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches
|language=de
|location=Friedberg, Germany
|publisher=Podzun-Pallas
|isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6
}}
*{{Cite book
| first=Gerald A.
| last=Kleinfeld
| title=Hitler's Spanish Legion: The Blue Division in Russia
| publisher=Southern Illinois University Press
| year=1979
| isbn=0-8093-0865-7
}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Thomas
|first=Franz
|year=1998
|title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z
|trans-title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z
|language=de
|location=Osnabrück, Germany
|publisher=Biblio-Verlag
|isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9
}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
[[es:Agustín Muñoz Grandes]]
* {{PM20|FID=pe/012699}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Movimiento Nacional#Minister-Secretaries General of the Movement|Minister–Secretary General of FET y de las JONS]]|years=9 August 1939 – 16 March 1940}}
{{s-vac|next=[[José Luis de Arrese]]}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Fidel Dávila Arrondo]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of the Army (Spain)|Minister of the Army]]|years=19 July 1951 – 25 February 1957}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Antonio Barroso Sánchez-Guerra]]}}
{{s-vac|last=[[Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Prime Minister of Spain]]|years=11 July 1962 – 22 July 1967}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Luis Carrero Blanco]]}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commander of the [[Blue Division]]|years=20 July 1941 – 13 December 1942}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Emilio Esteban Infantes]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Carlos Asensio Cabanillas]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chief of the [[Defence High Command]]|years=6 June 1958 – 11 July 1970}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Manuel Díez-Alegría]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Commanders of the Spanish Armed Forces}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Subject bar
| portal1=Biography
| portal2=Spain
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Munoz Grandes, Agustin}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Madrid]]
[[Category:Spanish captain generals]]
[[Category:Spanish generals]]
[[Category:Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)]]
[[Category:Spanish military personnel of the Rif War]]
[[Category:Blue Division personnel]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]]
[[Category:Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Deputy prime ministers of Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish anti-communists]]
[[Category:Ministers of defence of Spain]]
[[Category:FET y de las JONS politicians]]
[[Category:Government ministers during the Francoist dictatorship]]
[[Category:People of the Vietnam War]]

Latest revision as of 22:43, 27 November 2024

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Muñoz and the second or maternal family name is Grandes.
Agustín Muñoz Grandes
General Muñoz Grandes as an officer of the Wehrmacht, 1941–43
Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
In office
11 July 1962 – 22 July 1967
Prime MinisterFrancisco Franco
Preceded byFrancisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa (1938–39)
Succeeded byLuis Carrero Blanco
Minister of the Army
In office
19 July 1951 – 25 February 1957
Preceded byFidel Dávila Arrondo
Succeeded byAntonio Barroso Sánchez-Guerra
Personal details
Born(1896-01-27)27 January 1896
Carabanchel Bajo, Spain
Died11 July 1970(1970-07-11) (aged 74)
Madrid, Spain
Political partyFET y de las JONS
ChildrenAgustín Muñoz-Grandes Galilea [es]
EducationToledo Infantry Academy
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Kingdom of Spain (1915–1931)
 Spanish Republic (1931–1936)
 Nationalist Spain (1936–1941, 1942–1950)[citation needed]
 Nazi Germany (1941–1942)
Branch/service Spanish Army
 German Army (Wehrmacht)
Years of service1915–41, 1942–50[citation needed] (Spain)
1941–42 (Germany)
RankGeneral
CommandsBlue Division
Battles/warsRif War

Spanish Civil War

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Military Medal

Agustín Muñoz Grandes (27 January 1896 – 11 July 1970) was a Spanish general, and politician, vice-president of the Spanish Government and minister with Francisco Franco several times; also known as the commander of the Blue Division between 1941 and 1942.

Biography

[edit]

Born in Carabanchel Bajo on 27 January 1896,[1] Muñoz Grandes enrolled at the Toledo Infantry Academy while in his teens. Upon graduating, he was deployed to Morocco in 1915 and in 1925 took part in the decisive Battle of Alhucemas. Muñoz Grandes fought for the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War and was promoted to General, taking command in the Army of Africa. He led the Spanish Legionnaries in the conquest of Málaga by the Nationalists in February 1937.

General Muñoz Grandes in 1962

In 1941, Muñoz Grandes was given command of the División Azul, Generalísimo Franco's volunteer unit created for service under the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front, against the Soviet Union.[2] Muñoz Grandes was well acquainted with the Nazi German military establishment, and attended several interviews with Wilhelm Canaris and Adolf Hitler.

During his command Muñoz Grandes was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, with Oak Leaves personally added by Hitler. He was recalled to Spain in December 1942. A promotion to Lieutenant General awaited him at home, and his post on the Eastern Front was taken up by Emilio Esteban Infantes.

Muñoz Grandes was appointed Captain General of I Military District in 1945, Minister of the Army in 1951 and Chief of the Defence High Command (chief of staff of the Spanish Armed Forces) in 1958. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain from 1962 to 1967. In this capacity he advised Franco to enter the Vietnam War in order to gain better relations with the United States; however, Franco was reluctant to publicly support the war or the United States, and ultimately only several teams of medical personnel were sent, covertly.[3]

Muñoz Grandes died in 1970.[4] His wife Maria died in 1989.

Awards

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Huerta Barajas, Justo Alberto (2016). Gobierno y Administración Militar en la II República española: (14 de abril de 1931/18 de julio de 1936). Madrid: Boletín Oficial del Estado. p. 393. ISBN 978-84-340-2303-1.
  2. ^ "General Munoz Grande Slated to Head Anti-Soviet Division". The New York Times. 6 July 1941. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  3. ^ Marín, Paloma (9 April 2012). "Spain's secret support for US in Vietnam". El Pais. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  4. ^ "Gen. Munoz Grandes, 70, Dies; Spain's Former Vice President". The New York Times. 12 July 1970. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  5. ^ "Order of Cisneros". armedconflicts.com. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  6. ^ a b Thomas 1998, p. 112.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Kleinfeld, Gerald A. (1979). Hitler's Spanish Legion: The Blue Division in Russia. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-8093-0865-7.
  • Thomas, Franz (1998). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9.
[edit]
Party political offices
Preceded by Minister–Secretary General of FET y de las JONS
9 August 1939 – 16 March 1940 		Vacant
Title next held by
José Luis de Arrese
Government offices
Preceded by Minister of the Army
19 July 1951 – 25 February 1957 		Succeeded by
Vacant
Title last held by
Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa 		Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
11 July 1962 – 22 July 1967 		Succeeded by
Military offices
New title Commander of the Blue Division
20 July 1941 – 13 December 1942 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief of the Defence High Command
6 June 1958 – 11 July 1970 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Agustín_Muñoz_Grandes&oldid=1259940569"