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{{Short description|Paraguayan lawyer, diplomat, foreign affairs minister (1908–1989)}}
{{Short description|Paraguayan lawyer, diplomat, foreign affairs minister (1908–1989)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

{{Multiple issues
|{{more citations needed|date=April 2020}}
{{more footnotes|date=April 2020}}
{{rough translation|Spanish|topic=|langcode=es|otherarticle=Raúl Sapena Pastor|date=April 2020}}
{{rough translation|Spanish|topic=|langcode=es|otherarticle=Raúl Sapena Pastor|date=April 2020}}

}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_prefix =
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| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| honorific_suffix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Raúl Sapena Pastor Guèrín.png
| image = Raúl Sapena Pastor Guèrín (cropped).png
| image_size =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| image_upright =
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| caption =
| caption =
| order =
| order =
| office = [[image:Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg|50px]]<br />Paraguayan Minister of Foreign Affairs
| office = [[Supreme Court of Justice of Paraguay|Minister of the Paraguayan Supreme Court of Justice]]
| term_start = 1956
| term_start = 1938
| term_end = 1976
| term_end = 1940
| office2 = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Paraguay)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Paraguay]]
| predecessor = [[Hipólito Sánchez Quell]]
| successor = [[Alberto Nogues]]
| term_start2 = 1956
| term_end2 = 1976
| office2 = [[image:Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg|50px]]<br />Senator of the [[Paraguay|Republic of Paraguay]]
| term_start2 = 1976
| predecessor2 = Hipólito Sánchez Quell
| term_end2 = 1989
| successor2 = Alberto Nogues
| office3 = [[image:Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg|50px]]<br />[[Supreme Court of Justice of Paraguay]]
| office3 = [[Senate of Paraguay|Senator of Paraguay]]
| term_start3 = 1938
| term_start3 = 1976
| term_end3 = 1940
| term_end3 = 1989
| religion = <!--Military service-->
| office4 = [[image:Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg|50px]]<br />[[Paraguayan Army]]
| nickname =
| lieutenant4 = Lieutenant of [[Artillery]] - [[Chaco War|War of the Chaco]]
| branch = [[Paraguayan Army]]
| rank = [[File:Paraguay-Army-OF-1b.svg|24px]] [[1st Lieutenant]]
| battles = [[Chaco War]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1908|10|09}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1908|10|09}}
| birth_place = [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]]
| birth_place = [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1989|06|15|1908|10|09}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1989|06|15|1908|10|09}}
| death_place = [[Asunción]] , [[Paraguay]]
| death_place = Asunción, Paraguay
| nationality = Paraguayan
| spouse = Juana Brugada Montero
| spouse = Juana Brugada Montero
| parents = Francisco Sapena and Pastor
| parents = Francisco Sapena y Pastor<br />Josephine Guérìn Mertens
*
Josephine Guérìn Mertens
| children = *Graciela Josefina
| children = *Graciela Josefina
*Raúl Ricardo
*Raúl Ricardo
*Rubén Adolfo
*Rubén Adolfo
*Gloria Susana .
*Gloria Susana
}}
}}


'''Raul Sapena Pastor Guérin''' (9 October 1908 – 15 June 1989) was a Paraguayan lawyer, diplomat, professor and judge who served as foreign minister of the [[Republic of Paraguay]] from 1956 to 1976.
'''Raul Sapena Pastor Guérin''' (9 October 1908 – 15 June 1989) was a Paraguayan lawyer, diplomat, professor and judge who served as foreign minister of the [[Republic of Paraguay]] from 1956 to 1976.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Percy Alvin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QC5MAQAAIAAJ |title=Who's who in Latin America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Men and Women of Latin America |last2=Hilton |first2=Ronald |date=1945 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-87917-021-9 |page=215 |language=en}}</ref>


== Family ==
== Family ==
He was the youngest of 9 children. His parents were Francisco Sapena y Pastor, a Spanish immigrant, and Josephine Guérìn Mertens, a French immigrant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ultimahora.com/1811-2011-n428381|title=1811-2011|website=Ultima Hora|date=13 May 2011 |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref> Near the end of the [[Chaco War]], he married Juana Brugada Montero,<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-09-08 |author= Catedral Nuestra Señora de la Asunción |date=1934-05-05 |title=Paraguay, registros parroquiales, 1754-2015 |website= [[FamilySearch]] |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS9R-CSTD-R?view=index&personArk=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQLFH-7VHX&action=view}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> with whom he lived all his life and had 4 children: Graciela Josefina, Raúl Ricardo, Rubén Adolfo and Gloria Susana.
He was the youngest of 9 children. His parents were the Spanish Sapena y Pastor and the French Josephine Guérìn Mertens. Ruben Adolfo, Raúl's son, relates the following:


== Early years ==
{{Quote|Unfortunately, I have no copies of Dad's résumé left, but I can tell you from memory that he was born on October 9, 1908, in 1926 he received a bachelor's degree at the Colegio San José with two gold medals, the college and the Association. Three years later he was a lawyer, that is, at 21, since he took exams of two courses per year. At 23 he was a Doctor of Law and was secretary of the court, Prosecutor, State Attorney General, First Instance Judge and at 30 years of age he was a member of the Superior Court of Justice, today the Supreme Court, from which he resigned in 1940 (the year in that I was born), because Estigarribia had imposed by decree the political charter, called the '''Constitution of 40''' in which a minimum age of 35 was required to be a member of the Court and he had not reached 32! Estigarribia died two months later and Dad was named, by Morínigo, Minister Plenipotentiary in Bolivia, Head of mission, since the legation did not have the rank of Embassy. Later he was Ambassador to Uruguay, where Gloria (Raul Sapena Pastor's youngest daughter) was born.}}
He began his studies at the Normal School of Asunción. In 1924 he completed his secondary studies obtaining a Bachelor's Degree in Sciences and Letters, along with a medal for being the best graduate of his class at the Colegio de San José de Asunción.


He continued his studies at the [[Universidad Nacional de Asunción]], obtaining the title of Doctor of Law and Social Sciences; during his studies he was also president of the Law Students Center. Later on his life he would also obtain an [[honorary degree]] from the [[Federal University of Rio de Janeiro|University of Rio de Janeiro]] in Brazil.
He was president of the Banco de la República del Paraguay (today split into the [[Central Bank of Paraguay]] and the [[Banco de Fomento]]), also Ambassador in Argentina, and as Ambassador in Brazi. He came as Minister of Foreign Affairs when he was 56 where he worked for 20 years, when he resigned and assumed his seat in the Senate, where he was one of the few senators who worked on the commissions. His work was very important in the drafting of the Civil Code.


A few years after his graduation, the Chaco War began, and Raúl volunteered for service, becoming an officer in the [[Paraguayan Army]] with the rank of lieutenant.
It also has important international law books that have been used in various universities throughout Latin America.


He first worked as a teacher at the [[Colegio Goethe|Goethe]], {{ill|Colegio Internacional (Asunción)|lt=International|es|Colegio Internacional (Asunción)}} and [[Colegio Nacional de la Capital|National]] schools in Asunción. At the same time he taught Political Economy, Private International Law, Consular Legislation and Public International Law at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción. At the [[Mar. Francisco Solano López Military Academy|War College]], he was a professor of Public International Law.
== Training ==
He began his studies at the Normal School of Asunción. In 1924 he completed his Secondary Studies obtaining the Bachelor's Degree in Sciences and Letters, along with the Gold Medal as the best graduate of his class at the Colegio de San José de Asunción.


He was president of the Banco de la República del Paraguay (today split into the [[Central Bank of Paraguay]] and the {{interlanguage link|Banco Nacional de Fomento|es}}), and Ambassador in Argentina and Brazil. He was named [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Paraguay)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] when he was 48, and he held the position for a record 20 years; afterwards he resigned and assumed a seat in the [[Senate of Paraguay|Senate]]. He was elected Senator of the Republic of Paraguay for three terms: 1973-78, 1978–83, 1983-89. He held his seat in the Senate of the Republic until his death.<ref name="MRE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mre.gov.py/v2/userfiles/file/excancilleres/raul%20sapena%20pastor.pdf|title=Representantes Diplomáticos Paraguayos 1842 a 2011|website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores|access-date=8 September 2024|archive-date=13 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213173124/https://www.mre.gov.py/v2/userfiles/file/excancilleres/raul%20sapena%20pastor.pdf}}</ref>
He continues his studies at the National University of Asunción, the house of studies from which he obtained the title of Doctor of Law and Social Sciences. Where he was also president of the Law Students Center. A few years later he would obtain the title of doctor "Honoris Causa" from the University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.


It also has important international law books that have been used in various universities throughout Latin America.{{Non sequitur|date=August 2024}}
Having just received a Doctor of Law, Paraguay entered into war with Bolivia for possession of the Chaco Territory, and, at the call of his homeland, came to his defence, becoming an officer in the Paraguayan army with the rank of lieutenant.

At the end of the Chaco War, he married Juana Brugada Montero, with whom he lived all his life and had 4 children: Graciela Josefina, Raúl Ricardo, Rubén Adolfo and Gloria Susana.

His first works were done as a Teacher at the Goethe, International and National Schools of the Capital. At the same time he taught Political Economy, Private International Law, Consular Legislation and Public International Law at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of the National University of Asunción.

At the War College, he was a professor of Public International Law.

In 1937, he presides over a University Delegation of Professors to Montevideo, Uruguay.

In that same year of 1937, he published his work "The Hereditary Vocation in Intestate Successions" Forensic Study.

At the same time, between 1937 and 1938, he made 100 publications in "La Tribuna" on "American International Conferences"


== Judicial functions ==
== Judicial functions ==
Raúl Sapena Pastor not only dedicated himself to teaching but also held judicial positions, being a First Instance judge in Criminal matters, a First Instance judge in Civil and Commercial matters, the State attorney general, president of the Civil Court of Appeal and Commercial, and, he gets to occupy the maximum position aspired by every magistrate, that of being a member of the Supreme Court of Justice of Paraguay, at that time called Superior Court of Justice.
Throughout his long career Raúl also held judicial positions, over time being a district judge in Paraguay's Criminal, Civil and Commercial courts, State attorney general, president of the Civil Court of Appeals and Commerce, and finally a minister of the [[Supreme Court of Justice of Paraguay]] between 1938 and 1940.<ref name="MRE" />


== Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Diplomatic Missions ==
== Ministry of Foreign Affairs ==
His work at the Paraguayan Chancellery can be divided into 2 sections. One prior to the arrival of Gral. [[Alfredo Stroessner]] to the presidency of Paraguay, and the other during his presidency in Paraguay, and the installation of the dictatorship. At that point, he resigned from office.
His work at the Paraguayan Chancellery can be divided into 2 sections. One prior to the arrival of Gral. [[Alfredo Stroessner]] to the presidency of Paraguay, and the other during his presidency in Paraguay, and the installation of the dictatorship. At that point, he resigned from office.{{Clarify|date=August 2024}}


== Charges ==
==Honors and awards==
* {{flagu|Argentina}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Liberator General San Martín]]
*1939: Plenipotentiary Delegate and President of the Paraguayan Delegation to the II Congress of Private International Law, Montevideo, Uruguay.
* {{flagu|Bolivia}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Condor of the Andes]]
*1940: Plenipotentiary Delegate to the Regional Conference of the Silver Countries.
* {{flagu|Brazil}}:
*1941: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Government of Bolivia.
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Southern Cross]]
*1942: Plenipotentiary Delegate to the Rivera Conference, Uruguay; Extraordinary envoy and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Government of Uruguay, until 1944; Paraguayan agent before the Emergency Advisory Committee for the Political Defense of the Continent, Montevideo.
** {{ill|Marshal Hermes Medal|lt=Marshal Hermes Medal|pt|Medalha Marechal Hermes}}
*1945: Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague
** Marshal Caetano de Faria Medal
*1947: Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
* {{flagu|Chile}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit (Chile)|Order of Merit]]
*1948/1949: Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador to the Government of the Argentine Republic.
* {{flagu|Colombia}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Boyacá]]
*1950: Representative of Paraguay before the Inter-American Council of Jurists, First Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
* {{flagu|Ecuador}}: Grand Cross of the [[National Order of Merit (Ecuador)|National Order of Merit]]
*1952: Delegate of Paraguay to the Fourth Meeting of the Inter-American Conference on Social Security, Mexico.
* {{flagu|Egypt}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Republic (Egypt)|Order of the Republic]]

* {{flagu|Italy}}: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|Order of Merit]]
== Legislative Branch ==
* {{flagu|Japan}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]]
He was elected Senator of the Republic of Paraguay in three consecutive periods 1973-78 (with permission until 1976), 1978–83, 1983-89. He held his seat in the Senate of the Republic until the date of his death.
* {{flagu|Malta}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order pro Merito Melitensi]]

* {{flagu|Nicaragua}}: Grand Cross of the {{ill|Order of Rubén Darío|lt=Order of Rubén Darío|es|Orden de la Independencia Cultural Rubén Darío}}
== Decorations ==
*[[Great cross of the Order of Pius IX]] of the Vatican.
* {{flagu|Netherlands}}: Grand Officer of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]]
* {{flagu|Panama}}:
*Grand cross of the Order of Merit of Chile.
*Grand cross of the Order of the Cruzeiro do Sul in Brazil.
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa]]
*Great cross of the Condor of the Andes of Bolivia.
** Grand-Cross of the [[Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero]]
*Great cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru.
* {{flagu|Peru}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Sun of Peru|Order of the Sun]]
* {{flagu|Republic of China}}:
*Great cross of the Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa of Panama.
*Great cross of the Order of Rubén Darío of Nicaragua.
** Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Brilliant Star]]
*Great cordon of the Order of the Liberator of Venezuela.
** Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Propitious Clouds]]
*Grand Cross of the Order of the Shining Star of China.
* {{flagu|Spain}}: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]]
* {{flagu|United Kingdom}}: Knight Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]]
*Great cross of the Amador Guerrero Order of Panama.
*Grand cross of the Order of Merit of Ecuador.
* {{flagu|Vatican}}: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Pope Pius IX]]
* {{flagu|Venezuela}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Liberator]]<ref name="MRE" />
*Great Cross of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands).
*Great cross of the Order of Bocayá of Colombia.
*Grand Cross of Merit of the [[Sovereign Order of Malta]].
*Great cross of the Liberating Order San Martín (Argentina).
*Grand cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Italy.
*[[Great cross of the Order of Isabel la Católica]] (Spain).
*Elected capitular knight of CC de Toledo.
*[[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]].
*Marshal Hermes Medal of Brazil.
*Mariscal Gaetano de Faría Medal from Brazil.
*Medal of the Americas, in the Board degree of the Chamber of C. of L. America.
*Great cross of the Order of the Rising Sun, from Japan.
*Great Cordon of the Order of Auspicious Clouds of China.
*First class decoration of the Order of the Republic of Egypt.


== Death ==
== Death ==
He died in the City of Asunción, Republic of Paraguay, on 15 June 1989. The then President of the Republic, [[General Don Andrés Rodríguez Pedotti]] (1989-1993), and, the Congress of the Republic of Paraguay, decided that, his burial is carried out with the Military Honors corresponding to General of Division, for the high services rendered to the Homeland.
He died in Asunción, Paraguay, on 15 June 1989. The then President of the Republic, [[Andrés Rodríguez (politician)|Andrés Rodríguez Pedotti]] and the Congress of the Republic decided that his burial was to be carried out with the military honors corresponding a Division General, for the high services rendered to the homeland.<ref name="MRE" />

== External links ==
{{cite web|url=https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6101448|title=Wikidata|website=Wikidata}}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Asunción]]

[[Category:Paraguayan judges]]

[[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Paraguay]]
{{Paraguay-politician-stub}}
[[Category:People of the Chaco War]]
[[Category:Colorado Party (Paraguay) politicians]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Paraguay to Brazil]]
[[Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of Paraguay]]

Latest revision as of 22:52, 27 November 2024

Raúl Sapena Pastor
Minister of the Paraguayan Supreme Court of Justice
In office
1938–1940
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Paraguay
In office
1956–1976
Preceded byHipólito Sánchez Quell
Succeeded byAlberto Nogues
Senator of Paraguay
In office
1976–1989
Personal details
Born(1908-10-09)9 October 1908
Asunción, Paraguay
Died15 June 1989(1989-06-15) (aged 80)
Asunción, Paraguay
SpouseJuana Brugada Montero
Children
  • Graciela Josefina
  • Raúl Ricardo
  • Rubén Adolfo
  • Gloria Susana
Parent(s)Francisco Sapena y Pastor
Josephine Guérìn Mertens
Military service
Branch/serviceParaguayan Army
Rank 1st Lieutenant
Battles/warsChaco War

Raul Sapena Pastor Guérin (9 October 1908 – 15 June 1989) was a Paraguayan lawyer, diplomat, professor and judge who served as foreign minister of the Republic of Paraguay from 1956 to 1976.[1]

Family

[edit]

He was the youngest of 9 children. His parents were Francisco Sapena y Pastor, a Spanish immigrant, and Josephine Guérìn Mertens, a French immigrant.[2] Near the end of the Chaco War, he married Juana Brugada Montero,[3] with whom he lived all his life and had 4 children: Graciela Josefina, Raúl Ricardo, Rubén Adolfo and Gloria Susana.

Early years

[edit]

He began his studies at the Normal School of Asunción. In 1924 he completed his secondary studies obtaining a Bachelor's Degree in Sciences and Letters, along with a medal for being the best graduate of his class at the Colegio de San José de Asunción.

He continued his studies at the Universidad Nacional de Asunción, obtaining the title of Doctor of Law and Social Sciences; during his studies he was also president of the Law Students Center. Later on his life he would also obtain an honorary degree from the University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.

A few years after his graduation, the Chaco War began, and Raúl volunteered for service, becoming an officer in the Paraguayan Army with the rank of lieutenant.

He first worked as a teacher at the Goethe, International [es] and National schools in Asunción. At the same time he taught Political Economy, Private International Law, Consular Legislation and Public International Law at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción. At the War College, he was a professor of Public International Law.

He was president of the Banco de la República del Paraguay (today split into the Central Bank of Paraguay and the Banco Nacional de Fomento [es]), and Ambassador in Argentina and Brazil. He was named Minister of Foreign Affairs when he was 48, and he held the position for a record 20 years; afterwards he resigned and assumed a seat in the Senate. He was elected Senator of the Republic of Paraguay for three terms: 1973-78, 1978–83, 1983-89. He held his seat in the Senate of the Republic until his death.[4]

It also has important international law books that have been used in various universities throughout Latin America.[non sequitur]

Judicial functions

[edit]

Throughout his long career Raúl also held judicial positions, over time being a district judge in Paraguay's Criminal, Civil and Commercial courts, State attorney general, president of the Civil Court of Appeals and Commerce, and finally a minister of the Supreme Court of Justice of Paraguay between 1938 and 1940.[4]

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

[edit]

His work at the Paraguayan Chancellery can be divided into 2 sections. One prior to the arrival of Gral. Alfredo Stroessner to the presidency of Paraguay, and the other during his presidency in Paraguay, and the installation of the dictatorship. At that point, he resigned from office.[clarification needed]

Honors and awards

[edit]

Death

[edit]

He died in Asunción, Paraguay, on 15 June 1989. The then President of the Republic, Andrés Rodríguez Pedotti and the Congress of the Republic decided that his burial was to be carried out with the military honors corresponding a Division General, for the high services rendered to the homeland.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Martin, Percy Alvin; Hilton, Ronald (1945). Who's who in Latin America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Men and Women of Latin America. Stanford University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-87917-021-9.
  2. ^ "1811-2011". Ultima Hora. 13 May 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
  3. ^ Catedral Nuestra Señora de la Asunción (5 May 1934). "Paraguay, registros parroquiales, 1754-2015". FamilySearch. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d "Representantes Diplomáticos Paraguayos 1842 a 2011" (PDF). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
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