Limitrophe states: Difference between revisions
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Importing Wikidata short description: "Territory situated on a border or frontier" |
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{{Short description|Territory situated on a border or frontier}} |
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'''Limitrophe states''' are territories situated on a border or frontier.<ref name="mw">http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/limitrophe</ref> In a broad sense, it means border countries |
'''Limitrophe states''' are territories situated on a border or frontier.<ref name="mw">{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/limitrophe|title=Definition of LIMITROPHE|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> In a broad sense, it means border countries, any group of neighbors of a given nation which border one another thus forming a rim around that country. The [[English language|English]] term derives from ''pays limitrophes'', a term in [[diplomacy|diplomatic]] [[French language|French]].<ref name="limit">{{cite book |title=Dictionnaire Manuel de Diplomatie et de Droit International Public et Privé |last=Calvo |first=Carlos |year=2009 |publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd|page=246|isbn=9781584779490 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7DXvH0k3lcC&q=limitrophe&pg=PA102}}</ref> |
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In [[ancient Rome]], the term referred to provinces at the [[borders of the Roman Empire]] ({{ |
In [[ancient Rome]], the term referred to provinces at the [[borders of the Roman Empire]] ({{langx|la|limitrophus}}), which were obliged to provide billeting of the ''[[limitanei]]'' [[Roman legion|legion]]s deployed on their territory, mostly in ''[[Limes (Roman Empire)|limes]]''.<ref name="latdeu">{{cite book |title=Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch |last=Georges |first=Karl Ernst |year=1998 |publisher=Nachdruck Darmstadt|page=Band 2, Sp. 660|url=http://www.zeno.org/Georges-1913/A/limitrophus}}</ref> |
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In modern history, it was used to |
In modern history, it was used to refer to provinces that seceded from the [[Russian Empire]] at the end of [[World War I]], during the [[Russian Civil War]] (1917–1922), thus forming a kind of belt or ''[[Cordon sanitaire (international relations)|cordon sanitaire]]'' separating [[Soviet Russia]] from the rest of Europe during the [[interwar period]].<ref name="Smele">{{cite book|title=Civil war in Siberia: the anti-Bolshevik government of Admiral Kolchak, 1918-1920 |last=Smele |first=John | location=London| publisher=Cambridge University Press| page=305| year=1996| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNFiD_v6fj4C&q=limitrophe+Baltic&pg=PA305}}</ref> |
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== 1918–1939 == |
== 1918–1939 == |
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Before the [[Treaty of Versailles]] was signed on |
Before the [[Treaty of Versailles]] was signed on 28 June 1919 and even afterward, it was still unclear which territories of the [[Russian Empire]] that were occupied by German troops or engaged in the [[Russian Civil War]] would maintain their independence, which they had started to proclaim in late 1917. Thus, the very composition of the limitrophe zone was uncertain and varied widely. The nations were then "the cards to change hands in big political games" and included the Baltic peoples, Poles, Lithuanians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians.<ref name="AF">{{cite book|title=Ivan the Terrible: a military history |last=Filiushkin |first=Alexander | publisher=Frontline Books| year=2008| pages=264|isbn=9781848325043 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rycMAQAAMAAJ&q=limitrophe}}</ref> |
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The usage of term "limitrophe states" continued after World War I. Treaties were signed |
The usage of term "limitrophe states" continued after World War I. Treaties were signed until the beginning of [[World War II]]. The ''[[Small Soviet Encyclopedia]]'' (1929) defines the limitrophe states as "states formed from the outskirts of the former [[Tsarist Russian Empire|Tsarist Russia]], mainly from the western provinces". It includes in its list [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]], adding "and, partially, [[Poland]] and [[Finland]]".<ref>''Волин, Б.''. '''Лимитрофы'''. Малая Советская энциклопедия. М.: 1929, — т.4, стлб.641.</ref> Nine years later the [[Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Ushakov)|Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary]] (1938) also syntactically 'separates' Finland from the three [[Baltic States]]: ("Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and Finland as well"). However, Poland is not mentioned.<ref name="UshakovOriginal">'''Лимитроф'''. Толковый словарь русского языка. Под ред. проф. Д.Н.Ушакова. т. 2. — М.:ОГИЗ, 1938. — стлб.61.</ref> |
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The Directive "On the preparation of [[Wehrmacht]] for 1939-1940" signed on {{date|1939-4-11}} by [[Adolf Hitler]] said, in particular, that: |
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{{quote|text=The status of the limitrophe states will be defined exclusively by the military interests of Germany. As the events develop there might arise necessity to occupy the limitrophe states as far as the border of the former [[Courland]] and to annex these territories to the [[German Reich|Reich]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=qA8TAQAAMAAJ&q=limitrophe+Baltic&dq=limitrophe+Baltic&hl=en Directive as of {{date|1939-4-11}} on the preparation of Wehrmacht for 1939-1940]</ref>|sign=[[Adolf Hitler]]}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Buffer state]] |
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*[[Cordon sanitaire (international relations)|Cordon sanitaire]] |
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*[[Near abroad]] |
*[[Near abroad]] |
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*[[ |
*[[March (territory)]] |
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*[[Cordon sanitaire]] |
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==References |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Types of countries]] |
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[[Category:Diplomacy]] |
[[Category:Diplomacy]] |
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[[Category:Eurasian history]] |
[[Category:Eurasian history]] |
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[[Category:World War I treaties]] |
[[Category:World War I treaties]] |
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[[Category:Intermarium]] |
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[[Category:Borders]] |
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[[Category:Geopolitics]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:03, 27 November 2024
Limitrophe states are territories situated on a border or frontier.[1] In a broad sense, it means border countries, any group of neighbors of a given nation which border one another thus forming a rim around that country. The English term derives from pays limitrophes, a term in diplomatic French.[2]
In ancient Rome, the term referred to provinces at the borders of the Roman Empire (Latin: limitrophus), which were obliged to provide billeting of the limitanei legions deployed on their territory, mostly in limes.[3]
In modern history, it was used to refer to provinces that seceded from the Russian Empire at the end of World War I, during the Russian Civil War (1917–1922), thus forming a kind of belt or cordon sanitaire separating Soviet Russia from the rest of Europe during the interwar period.[4]
1918–1939
[edit]Before the Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919 and even afterward, it was still unclear which territories of the Russian Empire that were occupied by German troops or engaged in the Russian Civil War would maintain their independence, which they had started to proclaim in late 1917. Thus, the very composition of the limitrophe zone was uncertain and varied widely. The nations were then "the cards to change hands in big political games" and included the Baltic peoples, Poles, Lithuanians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians.[5]
The usage of term "limitrophe states" continued after World War I. Treaties were signed until the beginning of World War II. The Small Soviet Encyclopedia (1929) defines the limitrophe states as "states formed from the outskirts of the former Tsarist Russia, mainly from the western provinces". It includes in its list Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, adding "and, partially, Poland and Finland".[6] Nine years later the Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary (1938) also syntactically 'separates' Finland from the three Baltic States: ("Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and Finland as well"). However, Poland is not mentioned.[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Definition of LIMITROPHE". www.merriam-webster.com.
- ^ Calvo, Carlos (2009). Dictionnaire Manuel de Diplomatie et de Droit International Public et Privé. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 246. ISBN 9781584779490.
- ^ Georges, Karl Ernst (1998). Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch. Nachdruck Darmstadt. p. Band 2, Sp. 660.
- ^ Smele, John (1996). Civil war in Siberia: the anti-Bolshevik government of Admiral Kolchak, 1918-1920. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 305.
- ^ Filiushkin, Alexander (2008). Ivan the Terrible: a military history. Frontline Books. p. 264. ISBN 9781848325043.
- ^ Волин, Б.. Лимитрофы. Малая Советская энциклопедия. М.: 1929, — т.4, стлб.641.
- ^ Лимитроф. Толковый словарь русского языка. Под ред. проф. Д.Н.Ушакова. т. 2. — М.:ОГИЗ, 1938. — стлб.61.